Information Technology in Geo-Engineering

Name: Information Technology in Geo-Engineering | Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference (ICITG), Guimarães, Portugal
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference (ICITG), Guimarães, Portugal

António Gomes Correia Joaquim Tinoco Paulo Cortez Luís Lamas(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 24. September 2019

XVIII, 924 pages

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These proceedings address the latest developments in information communication and technologies for geo-engineering. The 3rd International Conference on Information Technology in Geo-Engineering (ICITG 2019), held in Guimarães, Portugal, follows the previous successful installments of this conference series in Durham (2014) and Shanghai (2010).

The respective chapters cover the following:

Use of information and communications technologies

Big data and databases

Data mining and data science

Imaging technologies

Building information modelling applied to geo-structures

Artificial intelligence

Smart geomaterials and intelligent construction

Sensors and monitoring

Asset management

Case studies on design, construction and maintenance

Given its broad range of coverage, the book will benefit students, educators, researchers and professional practitioners alike, encouraging these readers to help take the geo-engineering community into the digital age

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Content

Intro
Preface
Organization
Organizing Committee
SPG-National Advisory Committee
National Technical Committee
International Advisory Committee
International Scientific Committee
Reviewers
Contents
Keynotes Lectures
A Holistic Approach for Visualization of Transportation Infrastructure Assets Using UAV-CRP Technology
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Flight Operation Guidelines
2.2 Previous Infrastructure Monitoring Studies Using UAVs
2.3 US Departments of Transportation Agencies' (US DOTs') Works
3 Holistic Approach to Infrastructure Monitoring Using UAVs
3.1 Drone Selection
3.2 UAV Procedure Steps
4 Infrastructure Data Monitoring, Analysis and Visualization
4.1 Qualitative Inspections
4.2 Quantitative Inspections
5 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Learning from Field Measurements Through Heuristic Back Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Back-Analysis Procedures
2.1 Heuristic Methods of Back-Analysis
2.2 Simulated Annealing
2.3 Differential Evolution Genetic Algorithm
3 Application to Back-Analysis of Tunnel Response
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Geo-Engineering
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Application of AI in Geo-Engineering
3 Conclusion
References
Use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT)
A Bayesian Network for Both Land Subsidence Risk and Soil Contamination Risk Evaluation in Large-Scale Reclaimed Lands of Shanghai, China
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Shanghai's Typical Reclaimed Lands
2.2 BN Analysis
3 Results
4 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
A Fast Metro Tunnel Profile Measuring Method Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Measurement Method
2.1 DLT Equations
2.2 Setting Points by Laser
3 Measurement Device
3.1 Measurement Hardware
3.2 Measurement Software
4 Field Test
4.1 Field Work
4.2 Indoor Work
5 Result Analysis
5.1 Optimal Working Parameter
5.2 Fast Moving Measurement
6 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Automatic Interpretation of Small Strain Shear Modulus Measurement Using Bender Elements
1 Introduction
2 Bender Element Tests and Their Interpretation
3 Description of the Fixed-Point Interpretation Technique
3.1 Fundamentals
3.2 Fixed-Point Maximisation Procedure
4 Numerical Example
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Numerical Model
4.3 Fixed Point Iterations
5 Conclusions
References
Cesium Based Lightweight WebBIM Technology for Smart City Visualization Management
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 The Storage Bottleneck of Web Browsers
1.2 The Computing Bottleneck of Web Browsers
2 Related Work
2.1 WebGIS Based Smart City Visualization Management
2.2 WebBIM Based Smart City Visualization Management
2.3 WebGIS and WebBIM Based Smart City Visualization Management
3 Key Technologies of Lightweight WebBIM
3.1 Lightweight Processing of BIM Data
3.2 Lightweight Online Visualization of WebBIM
3.3 Integration of Three.js with Cesium
4 Online Editing Functions
4.1 Scene Cutting Based on Spatial Analysis
4.2 View Point Switching
4.3 Other Online Editing Functions
5 Experimental Results and Performance Analysis
5.1 Test Environment
5.2 Test Case
5.3 The Efficiency Test of Progressive Loading
5.4 The Performance Test of Cesium Combined with Three.js Engine
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Failure Forecast Warning Research and In-Situ Online Monitoring of Tailings Dam Engineering
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Failure Mechanism of Tailings Dam
2.1 Failure Mechanism of Tailings Dam Caused by the Seepage
2.2 Failure Mechanism of Dam Caused by the Tailings Overtopping
3 Online Monitoring of Tailings Dam Project
4 An Integrated Early Warning Method of Tailings Dam
4.1 To Determine the Early Warning Alert Limits of the Indicators
4.2 Flood Routing
4.3 Seepage Analysis
4.4 Anti-sliding Stability Analysis
4.5 Early Warning Method
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Geostatistical Analysis of Settlements Induced by Liquefaction - Case Study River Lis Alluviums, Portugal
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Calculations of the Settlements from the SPT Test Data
2.2 Geographic Information System and the Kriging Methods
3 Results
4 Discussions and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Geochemical Characterization of Carbonate Rocks of the Uíge's Municipality (Angola), for Cement Industry
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
6 Recommendations
References
Information Technology and a New Theory for the Verification of the Location of the Ancient City of Helike in Achaia, Greece
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Wider Area
3 Seismicity, Tectonics, and Slope Instabilities
4 Preliminary Analyses
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Infrastructure Smart Service System Based on Microservice Architecture
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Introduction of Infrastructure Smart Service System (iS3)
3 Introduction of Distributed Microservice
4 Definition of Service Interface
4.1 Data Standard for Request and Response
4.2 Unified Access to API Gateway
5 Communication Mode of Service
5.1 Data Service Communication
5.2 Analysis Service Communication
6 Service Discovery Mechanism
7 Validation of Microservices
7.1 Microservice Management Interface
7.2 Data Microservice Instance
7.3 Analysis Microservice Instance
7.4 Application Based on Microservice
8 Conclusion
References
Reducing Power Consumption of Weather Stations for Landslide Monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 System for Monitoring Weather Parameter at Landslide Locations
4 Sensors (Hardware)
4.1 DHT 22
4.2 BMP 180
4.3 BH 1750
4.4 SKU: SEN0193
4.5 Rain Gauge
4.6 ESP 8266
5 Microcontrollers Boards (Hardware)
5.1 ATmega 2560 (Mega)
5.2 ATmega 328p (Uno)
5.3 ATmega 328P (low power)
6 Program's Logic
7 Results
7.1 Sleep Modes
7.2 Interrupts
8 Experimental Setup
9 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Big Data and Databases
3D Geological Modelling: A Case Study for Singapore
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 GeM2S Project
3 3D Geological Modelling
3.1 Software
3.2 Geological Data
3.3 Cross-Sections
3.4 3D Geological Model
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
A Data-Driven Approach for Direct Assessment and Analysis of Traffic Tunnel Resilience
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Functionality Loss
2.2 Tunnel Resilience
3 Tunnel Resilience Quantification
3.1 Metric for Tunnel Functionality
3.2 Data Framework for Resilience Assessment
4 Example Functionality Data Simulation for Fire Event
5 Conclusion and Future Work
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Artificial Neural Network Based Online Rockmass Behavior Classification of TBM Data
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Machine Learning Pipeline
2.1 Training and Testing
2.2 Raw Data
2.3 Data Preprocessing
2.4 Machine Learning Model
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Outlook
References
Big Data Analysis of Structural Defects and Traffic Accidents in Existing Highway Tunnels
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Research Data
3 Characteristics of Tunnel Structural Defects
3.1 Morphological Characteristics of Tunnel Structural Defects
3.2 Relationship Between Tunnel Structural Defects and Spatial Location
3.3 Relationship Between Tunnel Structural Defects and Geological Conditions
4 Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents
4.1 Statistical Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents
4.2 Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents
4.3 Length Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents
4.4 Vehicle Characteristics of Tunnel Traffic Accidents
5 Analysis on Key Factors for Safety of Tunnel in Service
5.1 Key Factors Influencing Safety of Tunnel in Service
5.2 Relatively Sensitive Location for Safety for Tunnels in Service
6 Conclusion and Enlightenment
Acknowledgements
References
Combining Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for Rock Cuttings Slopes Stability Condition Identification
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Data Characterization
3 Methodology
3.1 Artificial Neural Networks
3.2 Genetic Algorithms
3.3 Models Evaluation
3.4 Modelling
4 Main Results
5 Final Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Data Standardization of Geological Information for Rock Tunnel Engineering
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Data Standardization Based on AGS
3 Realization of Data Standard for Geological Information
3.1 Rock Uniaxial Compressive Strength
3.2 Rock Hardness Degree (mi)
3.3 Geological Strength Index (GSI)
3.4 Influence Coefficient of Blasting and Stress Release (D)
3.5 Example of Guizhou Yanjingwan Tunnel
4 Data Standard for Geological Information
5 Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Extension of the AGS Format to Incorporate Ground Model and Interpreted Data
Abstract
1 Background and Drivers
1.1 AGS and Early AGSi
1.2 Emergence of BIM and Digital Technologies
1.3 AGSi and IDBE Geotechnical Standardization Workshop
2 Development of Requirements and Objectives
2.1 High Level Scope
2.2 Use Cases
2.3 Development of Requirements and Scope
2.4 Objectives for AGSi
3 Review of Other Relevant Formats
4 AGSi Schema
4.1 General Concepts
4.2 Top-Level
4.3 Core (Model)
4.4 Geometry
4.5 Data
4.6 Core (Report)
5 AGSi Encoding
6 Future Work
7 Summary
References
Machine Learning Predictive Models for Pile Drivability: An Evaluation of Random Forest Regression and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Machine Learning Algorithms
2.1 Random Forest Regression Algorithm
2.2 MARS Algorithm
3 Pile Drivability Analysis
3.1 Database
3.2 Feature Selection
4 Calculation and Results
4.1 10-Fold Cross Validation
4.2 Predictive Modeling Results
4.3 Model Interpretability
4.4 Features Importance Analysis
5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Physically-Based Object-Oriented Databases for Geotechnical Engineering
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Object-Oriented Programing in Engineering
1.3 Convention Over Configuration
1.4 Database Design
1.5 Implementation
1.6 Existing Online Experimental and Field Data Repositories
2 Application of OOP to Specific Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Research
2.1 Approach to a Specific Geotechnical Case
2.2 Pore Pressure Build up in Earthquake Induced Liquefaction
3 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Prediction of Forward Tunnel Face Score of Rock Mass Classification for Stability by Applying Machine Learning to Drilling Data
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Construction Site Overview
2.1 A-Tunnel Drilling Data Overview
2.2 A-Tunnel Face Assessment Scores
3 Analysis of Perforation Data
3.1 Relationship Between Perforation Data and Face Assessment Scores
3.2 Changes in Face Assessment Scores and Perforation Data of a-Tunnel
3.3 Correction of Perforation Speed by Percussion Pressure
4 Prediction of Face Assessment Scores by Regression Equation
4.1 Statistical Analysis Method and Regression Equation
4.2 Forecast of Face Assessment Scores Ahead of the Face by Regression Equation
5 Conclusion
References
Quantitative Analysis of Seasonal Uncertainty of Metro Tunnel's Long-Term Longitudinal Settlement via Hierarchy Bayesian Network
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Systematic Prediction Method for Model Bias
2.1 Probabilistic Model
2.2 Hierarchy Bayesian Network
3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Methods
3.1 Geological Profile and Databases
3.2 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Simulation
4 Case Study
4.1 Parameter Interpretation
4.2 Characteristic of the Seasonal Variability
4.3 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Rockburst Prediction Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Machine Learning Algorithm
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology of Prediction Model
2.1 BP Neural Network
2.2 Probabilistic Neural Network
2.3 Support Vector Machine
2.4 Parameters Optimization Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm
3 Prediction of Rockburst Intensity Classification
3.1 Predictor of the Rockburst Prediction Model
3.2 Rockburst Prediction Based on PSO-BP Model
3.3 Rockburst Prediction Based on PSO-PNN Model
3.4 Rockburst Prediction Based on PSO-SVM Model
3.5 Establishment of Rockburst Prediction System
4 Conclusion
References
Smart Barrier Box for Monitoring and State Conditions Evaluation of Rockfall Barrier Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Asset Management System for Preventative Measures Against Rockfalls in Slovenia
2.1 The Database of Rockfall Events
2.2 Methodology for the Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Rockfall Risks
2.3 Application for Data Acquisition and Data Processing
2.4 Technical Specification for Transportation Infrastructure - Protection Measures Against Rockfall
2.5 Regular Maintenance of Implemented Measures
3 Sensor Device Development Phase
4 First Site Installation
5 Corrosion Indicator Development and Interpretation
6 Summary
References
Use of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) in the Performance Prediction of Anti-floating Anchors
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Data
2.1 Mars
2.2 Database
3 Results
4 Displacement-Based Design of Anti-floating Anchors
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Data Mining and Data Science
Using Hierarchical Temporal Memory to Detect City Infrastructure Anomalies
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 HTM Using Raw Input
3 HTM Using Processed Input
4 Conclusion
References
Automatic Monitoring System of Blasting Vibration and Its Application Based on TC6850
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Composition of the Automated Monitoring System
2.1 Data Acquisition and Transmission
2.2 Client Remote Tracking and Controlling Part
2.3 Design of Blasting Risk Management Platform
3 Comparative Analysis of Monitoring Data
4 Application
4.1 Project Overview
4.2 Monitoring Data and Alarm
5 Conclusions
References
Comparison of Data-Driven Methods for Evaluating Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Potential
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodologies
2.1 Logistic Regression
2.2 Artificial Neural Network
2.3 Support Vector Machine
2.4 Bayesian Framework Method
2.5 Evaluation Measures
3 Historical Dataset
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Data-Fusion in Geotechnical Applications
1 Introduction
2 Data-Fusion Process Models
3 Methodology Multisensor Data-Fusion
4 Case Study: Markermeerdijk
4.1 Background Information
4.2 Settlement Data-Fusion
4.3 Slope Analysis
4.4 Determine Subsoil Scenarios Along the Dike Segment
4.5 Combine Slope Analysis and Subsoil Layering
5 Conclusions
References
Design for Support Patterns of NATM Tunnel Using Machine Learning
1 Introduction
2 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
3 Support Patterns of Tunnels by Using SVM
3.1 Case I
3.2 Case II
4 Conclusion
References
Prediction of the Soil Water Retention Curve from Basic Geotechnical Parameters by Machine Learning Techniques
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Data Presentation
2.2 Data Preparation and Cleansing
2.3 Selection of the Relevant Regression Predictors
2.4 Presentation of the Regression Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Comparison of Regression Methods' Predictive Performance on Training Data
3.2 Parametric Evaluation of the ANN Model Predictions on Unseen Samples
4 Conclusion
References
Predictions of Weekly Soil Movements Using Moving-Average and Support-Vector Methods: A Case-Study in Chamoli, India
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Study Area
4 Methodology
4.1 Data Pre-processing
4.2 Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving-Average
4.3 Sequential Minimal Optimization
4.4 Autoregression
4.5 Optimization of Model Parameters
5 Results
6 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Spatial Sustainability Assessment Framework for Civil Infrastructure Condition
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Current Sustainability Assessment Frameworks
2 Proposed Spatial Sustainability Assessment Framework for Civil Infrastructure Conditions
2.1 Spatial Sustainability Assessment Frameworks
2.2 Assessment Results Analysis
2.3 Assessment Results Visualization
3 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
Stress-Strain Modelling of Soils in Drained and Undrained Conditions Using a Multi-model Intelligent Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Evolutionary Polynomial Regression
3 Application of EPR for Triaxial Test Simulation
3.1 Drained Triaxial Test Simulator
3.2 Undrained Triaxial Test Simulator
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Imaging Technologies
Identification of Contacts in Volumetric Images of Granular Soils
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Introduction to Watershed Analysis and Oversegmentation
3 Discrimination Between Necks and Contacts
4 Improving Watershed Analysis to Overcome Oversegmentation
5 3D Image Morphological Reconstruction
6 Validation of the Improved Watershed Analysis
7 Conclusion
References
Joint Field Data Collection Simplified by the Use of Photogrammetry
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Joint Measurement in the Field
3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 Principles
3.2 Photographic Collection
3.3 Creation of a Tridimensional Digital Model
3.4 Script for Joints Orientation Assessment
4 Main Advantages of the Proposed Methodology
References
Multisensory System Research for Large Area Deformation Based on Optical Measuring with UAV and Ground Visual Assists
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Optical Equipment Preparation and Operation
3 UAV Platform for Large Area Measuring
3.1 Parameters of UAV on Service
3.2 Precise Location for UAV
4 Image Fusion of Low-Altitude Aerial Image
5 Calculation of Large Area Ground Deformation
6 Conclusion
References
Reducing Fracturing Pressure by Using Novel Stimulating Technique for Ultra-tight Rock
Abstract
1 Mechanical Characteristics of Rock Under Cyclic Loading
1.1 Relationship Between Fracture Pressure and Operation Pressure
1.2 Rupture of Rock Under Cyclic Loading
1.3 Variation of Rock Peak Stress Under Cyclic Impact Load
2 Mechanism of Pulse Hydraulic Loading on Rock
2.1 Mechanism of Pulsating Pressure Propagation in Fractures
3 Application of Pulse Hydraulic Loading in Reservoir Fracturing
4 Conclusions
References
Building Information Modeling (BIM) Applied to Geo-Structures
BIM in Geotechnics - Application to Road and Railway Construction
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 General Information
1.2 Connection to Geotechnics
2 Evaluation of Transfer Possibilities
2.1 ProVI Output Formats
2.2 Plaxis Import Tools
2.3 Plaxis Remote Scripting Interface
3 Development of the Python Script
3.1 Information Import
3.2 Automatization of Model Generation
3.3 Export of Results
3.4 The Structure of the Script
4 Visualization of Results in 3D
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Case Study on the BIM-Based Design of a Complicated Underground Road Hub Above Crisscross Metro-Lines by a Combined Numerical Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the Case
3 Methodology
4 Numerical Simulation
4.1 Numerical Model
4.2 Input Parameters
4.3 Simulation Process
4.4 Analysis of the Numerical Results
5 Conclusions
References
Design and Application of Automatic Monitoring and BIM Technology to the Construction of Shield-Bored Underneath Building
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Engineering and Geological Conditions
3 The Design of Automated Monitoring System
3.1 The Design of Hardware System
3.2 The Design of Software System
4 Monitoring Results and Data Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Proposition of Sustainable and Long-Term Geotechnical Data Management to Support Building Information Modeling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 BIM for Geotechnics
2.1 The MINnD Project
2.2 Perimeter of Geotechnics
2.3 General Proposition
3 Detailed Proposition for Geotechnical Data Standardization and Long-Term Management
3.1 Existing Standards for Geoscience Data Description
3.2 Organizing the Factual Data
3.3 Describing Models and Uncertainties
3.4 Building the Draft Conception Plan
4 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Artificial Intelligence
Prediction of Rate of Penetration Based on Random Forest in Deep Well
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Research Progress of the Rate of Penetration Prediction
3 Random Forest Prediction of ROP
4 Conclusion
Funding Information
References
Territory-Wide Identification of Geological Features on Aerial Photographs Using Machine Learning for Slope Safety Management
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Pilot Study 1: Automatic Identification of Rock Outcrops on Natural Hillsides
2.1 Objective of the Study
2.2 Methodology
2.3 Results and Validation
3 Pilot Study 2: Automatic Identification of Recent Natural Terrain Landslides
3.1 Objective of the Study
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Study Areas and Preliminary Results
3.4 Future Work
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Towards a Pile Quality Prediction for Screw Displacement Piles Using Bayesian Networks
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology and Results
4 Conclusions
References
Smart Geomaterial and Intelligent Construction
Automated Production Control System of Embankment Materials at Rock-Fill Dam
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Outline of the Koishiwaragawa Dam
1.3 Production and Control Method of the Core Material
2 Total Control of Water Content Using Near-Infrared Moisture Meter
2.1 Outline of Near-Infrared Moisture Meter
2.2 Water Content Measurement of the Core Material using Near-Infrared Moisture Meter
2.3 Water Content Measurement Record and Water Content Adjustment in Core Material Production
3 Grain Size Control Using Grain Size Monitoring System by Image Analysis
3.1 System Configuration and Measurement Procedure
3.2 Grain Size Measurement of Core Material Using Grain Size Monitoring System by Image Analysis
3.3 Application Example of Grain Size Monitoring System by Image Analysis in Production of Core Material
4 Conclusion
References
Continuous Compaction Control - Mathematical Models and Parameter Identification
Abstract
1 Background
1.1 A Brief History of Continuous Compaction Control (CCC)
1.2 Development of Intelligent Compaction Measurement Value (ICMV)
1.3 Back to the Basics - Fundamental Models and Parameters Identification
2 Rollers and Characteristics of Compacted Materials During Rolling
2.1 General Concept
2.2 Characteristics of Compaction Force
2.3 Characteristics of Compacted Materials
3 Models for Interaction Between Drum and Compacted Materials
3.1 Model I - Considering Compacted Materials as Continuum - Drum-Continuum Coupled Model
3.2 Model II - Considering Compacted Materials as Discrete Body - Mass-Spring-Dashpot Model
3.3 Model III - Simplified Dynamic Model for Reaction Force of the Drum
3.4 Model IV - Hybrid Model
4 Key Issues
4.1 The Relationship Between Modulus and Stiffness
4.2 Elastic Model and Its Application During Compaction Process
5 Parameter Identification of Structural Function of Compacted Materials
5.1 Input to the Model
5.2 Computation During Iterations
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Correlating Continuous Compaction Control Measurements to In Situ Modulus-Based Testing for Quality Assessment of Compacted Geomaterials
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Field Measurements
2.1 Compaction Measurement Value (CMV)
2.2 Plate Load Test (PLT)
2.3 Lightweight Deflectometer (LWD)
3 In Situ Testing Methodology
3.1 Color-Coded Maps Criteria for ICMVs
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Geospatial Relationships Between Roller ICMV vs. LWD
4.2 Geospatial Relationships: PLT vs. LWD
5 Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
On Frequent Evaluation of Compacted States and Soil Properties by Soil Stiffness Index Measurements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Soil Properties Controlled by the Degree of Saturation
2.1 Strength/Stiffness Index
2.2 Coefficient of Hydraulic Conductivity
3 Three Empirical Soil Compaction Rules
4 Compaction Control Based on Target and Acceptable Zone
4.1 Framework of Proposed Method
4.2 A Case History
5 Stiffness Index-Based Compaction Control
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Research on Intelligent Control and Evaluation Technology for Soil-Cement Mixing Pile Construction
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Construction Intelligent Control and Evaluating System for Soil-Cement Mixing Piles
2.1 System Introduction
2.2 System Monitoring Parameters
2.3 Assessment of Single Pile Quality
3 Test Survey
3.1 Engineering Geological Conditions of Test Site
3.2 Field Test
4 Analysis of Test Results
4.1 Analysis of Frequency Conversion Grouting and Remote Monitoring
4.2 Quality Assessment Effect Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Sensors and Monitoring
Application of a Generalised MPK Model with Data Fusion Approaches for Landslide Risk Assessment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Data Fusion Approach
2.1 Phase A: Laboratory Testing and the Formulation of the Initial Petro Geophysical Transfer Function
2.2 Phase B: ERT and Suction Measurements and Processing
2.3 Phase C: Suction Profiles from ERT and Selective Correction Approach
3 Conclusions and Future Implementations
References
Estimated Monitoring Methodology for the Tailings Dam Stability
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Case History
3 Methodology
4 Test Results
5 Conclusions
References
Experimental Characteristics of Bolt-Reinforced Slope Motion Based on MEMS Sensors
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Details of Experimental Tests
2.1 Sandy Soil Properties
2.2 Design of Model Test
2.3 Details of MEMS Sensor
2.4 Test Groups
3 Experimental Test Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Experimental Investigation of Reinforced Slopes' Response, to Increased Surcharge Load, with the Use of Optic Fibre Sensors
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 A Subsection Sample
2 Introduction to Fibre Optic Sensing
2.1 Principles of Fibre Optic Sensing
2.2 Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs)
3 Physical Model Description
4 Setting-Up of Experiment
4.1 Experimental Procedure
5 Results
6 Conclusions
References
Image Analysis and Structural Monitoring of Physical Geotechnical Models Subjected to Seismic Loading
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Image Analysis and Structural Monitoring
3 Test Set-Up and Equipment
4 Physical Modelling and Test Implementation
4.1 Image Analysis on Dry Slopes
4.2 Image Analysis on Semi-submerged Slopes and Soil Erosion
4.3 Structural Monitoring on Semi-submerged Slopes with Optical Fibre Sensors
5 Conclusions
References
Integrated Monitoring of Seasonal Variations and Structural Responses to Enable Intelligent Asset Management of Road Infrastructures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Installed Instrumentation
2.1 Description of the Monitoring Sites
2.2 Structural Instrumentations
2.3 On-Surface Instrumentation
2.4 Weigh-in-Motion System
2.5 Data Acquisition Systems
3 Monitoring of Structural Condition and Responses
3.1 Selection of Monitoring Periods Using Percostation Data
3.2 Examples of Structural Response Measurement Results
3.3 Comparison of Response Measurement Results Between Different Seasons
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Measurement of Pile Cover Thickness Using Distributed Fibre Optic Sensors
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Installation Distributed Fibre Optic Sensor
3 Data Analysis and Interpreting
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Monitoring and Regulating Tidal Influenced Groundwater Heads During Reconstruction Works of a Hydraulic Barrier Structure at the Eider Estuary in Germany
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The "Eidersperrwerk"
2.1 Location and History
2.2 Construction and Geological Situation
2.3 Overhaul Measures in 2014 to 2018
3 Monitoring
3.1 General Approach and Set-Up
3.2 Measuring Interval
3.3 Packersystem
4 Installation
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Monitoring of Ground Behavior During the Excavation of an Underground Ramp
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Introduction of the Construction Site
2.1 Project Summary
3 Measurement and Monitoring Values
3.1 Measured Values of the Face and Grouting Pressures
3.2 Measured Values of Ground Subsidence
4 Prediction of Ground Movement
4.1 Model Outline
4.2 Analysis Method
4.3 Prediction Result
5 Conclusion
References
Optimization of Location of Robotic Total Station in 3D Deformation Monitoring of Multiple Points
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Optimization
4 Application
5 Conclusion
References
Research on Application of Infrastructure Smart Service System (iS3) on Prediction of Excavation in a Subway Station of Ningbo Metro
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Improved KJHH Model
2.1 Theory
2.2 Validation
3 Automated Dynamic Monitoring Analysis System
3.1 iS3
3.2 Application
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Securing the Future of Cultural Heritage Sites, Utilizing Smart Monitoring Technologies: From the Laboratory Applications to the Acropolis of Athens
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Smart Monitoring Utilizing Optical Fibre Sensors
2.1 The Use of Optical Fibre Sensors at the Laboratory
2.2 The Use of Optical Fibre Sensors at the Archaeological Site of Acropolis
3 Recordings at the Acropolis Circuit Wall
4 Conclusions
References
Smart Monitoring of Sinkhole Formation Using Optic Fibre Technology
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Previous Sinkhole Studies
3 Introduction to Optic Fibre Sensing Using FBGs
4 Testing Program
4.1 Similitude Laws in a 1-g Environment
4.2 Reduced-Scale Physical Model Description and Materials Tested
5 Results
6 Discussion and Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Asset Management
A Python-Driven Application for Evaluating Lifecycle Resilience of Water Distribution Network
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Framework
3 Implementation of WARA
4 Case Study
4.1 Description of Case Study
4.2 Evolution of Resilience Against a Single Hazard
4.3 Resilience Against Multiple Hazards
5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Estimating Tunneling-Induced Settlement of a Pipeline Buried in Heterogeneous Ground Through Stochastic FEM by Bridging Available Tools
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Bridging a Random Field Generator and FEM
2.1 Random Field Simulation
2.2 The Workflow
3 Case Study
3.1 Problem Description
3.2 Model Configuration
3.3 Results
4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgement
References
Use of Geotechnical Asset Data Within Highways England: The Journey so Far and the Future
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 A Brief History of Highways England's Geotechnical Asset Management
3 Enablers
3.1 Governance
3.2 Geotechnical Standards
3.3 Asset Information System
3.4 Knowledge Products
4 Geotechnical Asset Data and Information
4.1 Data and Information Needs
4.2 Asset Type and Modelling
4.3 Data Capture/Inspections
4.4 Data Quality
4.5 Other Available Geotechnical Information
5 The Use and Re-use of Data
5.1 Support to Asset Acquisition
5.2 Support to Decision-Making
6 Challenges and Opportunities
7 The Future
7.1 Ongoing and Planned Initiatives
7.2 Vision and Roadmap
8 Conclusions
References
Case Studies in Design, Constructions and Maintenance
Analytics over Multi-sensor Time Series Data - A Case-Study on Prediction of Mining Hazards
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Representation of Multidimensional Time Series Data
4 Interchangeability of Features in Hazard Assessment
5 Evaluation of the Proposed Data Modeling Chain
6 Conclusions
References
CPT-Based Assessment of Densification After Ground Improvement with Rigid Inclusions and Rammed Aggregate Piers® (RAP)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Project Description
3 Improvement with Impact® RAP and GCC Composite System
4 Ground Improvement Testing Program
5 Conclusions
References
Determining Sampling Points Using Railway Track Structure Data Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Track Structure Degradation
2.2 GUHA Data Mining
3 Research Process
3.1 Case Track Section Kouvola-Kotka
3.2 Initial Data
3.3 Applying GUHA Data Mining
3.4 Data Analysis
3.5 Sampling and Laboratory Tests
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Soil Sample Laboratory Test Result Analysis
4.2 Findings from Sample Locations
5 Conclusions
References
Explosion-Induced Vibrations During the Excavation of an Underground Space Under Preservable Masonry Buildings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Underground Project
3 Structural Condition of the Preservable Buildings
4 The Experiment
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Identification of Persistent Discontinuities on a Granitic Rock Mass Through 3D Datasets and Traditional Fieldwork: A Comparative Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Description
2.2 Fieldwork
2.3 Building the SfM Digital Model
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation on the Stability of Soil-Cement Columns Reinforced Riverbank
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of Case Consideration
3 Numerical Modeling
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Effect of a Number of DCM Columns on the Safety Factor of Riverbank
4.2 Effect of the Shear Strength Parameters of DCM Columns on the Safety Factor of the Reinforced Riverbank
5 Conclusions
References
Numerical Study on Ground Subsidence Due to Crushing Single Isolated Boulder by Tunnelling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Simulation of Tunnel and Soils
3 Modeling Results
3.1 Contact Forces Between Particles
3.2 Ground Settlements
3.3 Overburden Pressures
3.4 Bending Moments in Tunnel Lining
4 Conclusions
References
Performance Evaluation of Loess-Post Harvest Waste Mixture: Insights from Residential House on Loess Plateau, China
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Laboratory Experiments
3.1 Loess-PHW Mixture Specimen Preparation
3.2 UCS Test
3.3 Strain-Controlled DS Test
3.4 Stress-Controlled DS Test
4 Analysis and Discussion
4.1 UCS Test
4.2 Strain-Controlled DS Test
4.3 Stress-Controlled DS Test
5 Conclusions
References
Shear Strength Behavior and Finite Element Modelling of Soil Mixtures Under Low Confining Pressure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Study Program
3 Results
3.1 Direct Shear Test Results
3.2 Finite Element Results
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
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