Continental Shelf Limits
The Scientific and Legal Interface
1st Edition
Published on 19. October 2000
378 pages
978-0-19-802786-7 (ISBN)
Description
Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea lays down the rules and regulations governing claims to a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles for the 130 coastal States and entities that have ratified or acceded to it. This book is designed to help those coastal States implement the provisions of Article 76, covering the technical issues involved and explaining the interface between the legal concepts contained within the article. It covers all aspects that will have to be considered by a coastal State if it wishes to make a claim under the Convention, including the characteristics of continental margins, distance determination, bathymetric data collection. geological and geophysical techniques, and boundary conditions.
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Contributors
- PART I: SETTING THE SCENE
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
- The Modern Approach to the Law of the Sea
- The Major Features of the Convention
- Institutions Created by the Convention
- Monitoring Future Developments
- References
- 3 Legal Aspects of the Continental Shelf
- Comparing the Continental Shelf Provisions of the 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf to the Convention
- Overview of Article 76 Provisions
- Summary of Procedure for a Coastal State to Follow in Determining the Outer Limits of Its Continental Shelf
- References
- 4 Characteristics of Continental Margins
- Geomorphological and Geological Concepts in Continental Shelf Definition
- Continental Margin Morphology and Form
- Geology of Continental Margins
- Continental Margin Types and the Application of Article 76
- Conclusion
- References
- 5 Resources of the Continental Margin and International Law
- Access of Countries to the Continental Margin
- States' Responsibilities Arising from Claims to the Continental Margin
- States' Opportunities Arising from Claims to the Continental Margin
- The Challenges for States Claiming the Continental Margin
- References
- PART II: METHODOLOGY
- 6 Geodetic Techniques
- Coordinate Systems and Datums
- National and International Datums
- Geodetic Positioning
- Theory of Errors
- Analysis of Survey Networks
- Distance Determination
- References
- 7 Historical Methods of Positioning at Sea
- Astronomic Observations
- Terrestrial Electronic Positioning Methods
- Dead Reckoning (Measurements of Speed and Direction)
- An Introduction to Satellite Positioning Systems
- Horizontal Datums
- Summary
- References
- 8 Satellite Positioning Methods
- First Generation: Transit Doppler
- Second Generation: NAVSTAR GPS and GLONASS
- Positioning by GPS
- GPS Equipment
- The Future of GPS
- References
- 9 Historical Methods of Depth Measurement
- Mechanical Methods
- The Single-Beam Echo Sounder
- Summary
- References
- 10 Present-Day Methods of Depth Measurement
- Sidescan Geometry
- Interferometric Bathymetry
- Differential Phase Methods
- Multiple-Narrow-Beam Methods
- Comparative Advantages
- The Effect of Instrument Horizontal and Vertical Positioning
- The Effect of Orientation
- The Effect of the Ocean (Propagation and Refraction)
- Resulting Seabed Bathymetric Information Content
- Application to the Definition of the "2500-m Contour
- Application to the Definition of the "Oceanic and Submarine Ridges
- Application to the Definition of the "Foot of Slope
- The Potential and Limitations of Bathymetry Derived from Sea Surface Altimetry
- Summary
- References
- 11 Interpretation of Bathymetry
- Pertinent Features of Maps
- Navigation Charts and Bathymetric Maps: Their Use in Delimitation
- Producing a Bathymetry Map
- Contouring
- References
- 12 Seismic Reflection and Refraction Methods
- Seismic Reflection Survey
- Wide-Angle Reflection
- Seismic Refraction Survey
- Determination of Sediment Thickness
- Planning a Seismic Survey to Determine Sediment Thickness
- Continental Margins as Viewed from Seismic Profiles
- References
- 13 Gravity and Magnetic Methods
- Data Acquisition and Presentation
- Characteristics of Crustal Types and the Continent-Oceanic Boundary
- References
- 14 Geological Techniques
- Sampling
- Corers
- Powered Corers
- Coring Using Drillships
- Underwater Vehicles
- Conclusion
- References
- 15 Data Sources, Management, and Presentation
- Bathymetry
- Sediment Thickness
- Additional Data and Their Uses
- Sources of Bathymetric Data
- Sources of Sediment Thickness Data
- European Geoscience Data
- The World Data Center System
- Data Visualization
- Web-Based Information
- References
- PART III: ESTABLISHING THE CASE
- 16 Initial Assessment
- Initial Considerations
- Case A: No Extended Continental Shelf
- Cases B and C: Extended Continental Shelf
- Compiling the Available Information
- Delineating the Foot of the Slope
- Applying the Formulas of Article 76
- Outermost Limits
- Determining the Outer Limit of the Continental Shelf
- Collecting New Information
- References
- 17 The Practical Realization of the Continental Shelf Limit
- Case A: No Extended Continental Shelf
- Case B: Foot of Slope Plus 60 M
- Case C: Limits Based on Foot of the Slope and Sediment Thickness
- Outermost Limits
- Conclusion
- References
- PART IV: OTHER ISSUES
- 18 Ridge Issues
- Definitions
- Types of Ridges
- Applying the Ridge Provisions of Article 76
- Article 76.3
- Article 76.6
- Conclusions
- References
- 19 Deep Sea Fan Issues
- The Scientific and Legal Interface
- References
- 20 Delimitation Issues
- Delimiting Maritime Boundaries
- Boundaries beyond 200 M
- References
- PART V: ANNEXES
- Annex 1 Glossary of Technical Terms
- Annex 2 Key Provisions of UNCLOS Relating to the Continental Shelf
- Annex II-Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
- Annex II: to the Final Act, Statement of Understanding Concerning a Specific Method to Be Used in Establishing the Outer Edge of the Continental Margin
- Annex 3 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf
- Annex 4 Acronyms
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Y
- Z
