
Wide-Area Data Network Performance Engineering
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Content
- Intro
- Contents vii
- Preface xv
- Acknowledgments xvii
- 1 Introduction 1
- 1.1 Enterprise Networking 1
- 1.2 Our Approach to Performance Engineering 4
- 1.3 Layout of the Book 5
- Part I: General Principles 9
- 2 Wide-Area Networking Technologies 11
- 2.1 Introduction 11
- 2.2 Time-Division Multiplexing Networks 13
- 2.3 X.25 Networks 15
- 2.4 Frame Relay 19
- 2.5 Asynchronous Transport Mode 30
- 2.6 Internet Protocol 37
- 2.7 Multiprotocol Encapsulation: Agreements for PPP, X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, and IP 47
- 2.8 Link Level Interworking Agreements 49
- 2.9 Summary 52
- References 53
- 3 Performance Analysis: Some Basic Tools 55
- 3.1 Introduction 55
- 3.2 Network Delays 56
- 3.3 Timing Diagrams: A Data Communications Score Card 69
- 3.4 Pipelining 74
- 3.5 Throughput 79
- 3.6 Summary 99
- References 100
- 4 Techniques for Performance Engineering 101
- 4.1 Introduction 101
- 4.2 Load Engineering 102
- 4.3 Latency-Sensitive and Bandwidth-Sensitive Applications 106
- 4.4 Methods to Discriminate Traffic in a Multiprotocol Network 108
- 4.5 Data Collection 127
- 4.6 An Example: Deploying New Applications 132
- 4.7 Summary 135
- References 135
- 5 Frame Relay Performance Issues 137
- 5.1 Introduction 137
- 5.2 Private Line Versus Frame Relay 138
- 5.3 Global Frame Relay Connections 148
- 5.4 Bandwidth Sizing 150
- 5.5 Traffic Discrimination 165
- 5.6 Global Versus Local DLCI 174
- 5.7 Virtual Circuit Scaling Issues 176
- 5.8 Summary 177
- References 179
- 6 Using Pings for Performance Analysis 181
- 6.1 Introduction 181
- 6.2 Pings 182
- 6.3 Calculating Ping Delays 184
- 6.4 Using Pings to Verify Network Latency 189
- 6.5 General Comments Regarding the Use of Pings to Estimate Network Latency 191
- 6.6 Calculating Delays for Large Pings 192
- 6.7 Summary 196
- Reference 196
- Part II: Specific Application/Protocol Suites 197
- 7 WAN Performance Analysis of TCP/IP Applications: FTP, HTTP, and Telnet 199
- 7.1 Introduction 199
- 7.2 Some Essential Aspects of TCP Operation 201
- 7.3 Calculating TCP Bulk Data Transfer Times and Throughput 204
- 7.4 Calculating TCP Throughput for Loaded WAN Links 225
- 7.5 WAN Performance Issues for HTTP 230
- 7.6 TCP Telnet Performance Issues 242
- 7.7 Review of Methods to Provide Traffic Discrimination for TCP/IP Applications 247
- 7.8 Summary 250
- References 251
- 8 WAN Performance Considerations for Novell NetWare Networks 253
- 8.1 Introduction 253
- 8.2 Overview 254
- 8.3 Overhead and Bandwidth Considerations 256
- 8.4 Novell Windowing Schemes 260
- 8.5 Private Line and Frame Relay Formulas 265
- 8.6 Summary 277
- References 278
- 9 WAN Performance Issues for Client/Server Applications 279
- 9.1 Introduction 279
- 9.2 Client/Server Overview 281
- 9.3 Client/Server Application WAN Traffic Characterization 283
- 9.4 Data Collection 290
- 9.5 Bandwidth Estimation Guidelines 292
- 9.6 The Thin Client Solution 300
- 9.7 Summary 308
- References 308
- 10 WAN Design and Performance Considerations for SNA Networks 311
- 10.1 Introduction 311
- 10.2 SNA Transport Methods: A Review 312
- 10.3 Data Center Architecture Issues for Large SNA Networks 319
- 10.4 Quality of Service Issues for SNA 322
- 10.5 Summary 328
- Reference 329
- Part III: Case Studies 331
- 11 Case Studies 333
- 11.1 Introduction 333
- 11.2 TCP/IP Case Studies 334
- 11.3 Client/Server Application Case Studies 342
- 11.4 Novell Networking Case Studies 353
- 11.5 SNA-Related Case Studies 360
- 11.6 Quantifying the WAN Bandwidth Impact of SNMP Polling 369
- Appendix A: Queuing: A Mathematical Digression 375
- Reference 380
- Appendix B: Throughput in Lossy Environments 381
- B.1 Introduction 381
- B.2 Transmission Errors 382
- B.3 Buffer Overflows 385
- B.4 Transmitter Time-Outs 387
- B.5 Out-of-Sequence Receptions 388
- B.6 Impact of Packet Losses on Throughputs 388
- References 392
- Appendix C: Definitions 393
- List of Acronyms 396
- About the Authors 401
- Index 403
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