Advances in Information Retrieval

Name: Advances in Information Retrieval | 33rd European Conference on IR Resarch, ECIR 2011, Dublin, Ireland, April 18-21, 2011, Proceedings
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33rd European Conference on IR Resarch, ECIR 2011, Dublin, Ireland, April 18-21, 2011, Proceedings

Paul Clough Colum Foley Cathal Gurrin Gareth Jones Wessel Kraaij Hyowon Lee Vanessa Murdock(Editor)

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Published on 12. April 2011

XXVIII, 795 pages

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Content

Title Page
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents
Keynote Talks
IR Research: Systems, Interaction, Evaluation and Theories
References
Ad Retrieval Systems in vitro and in vivo: Knowledge-Based Approaches to Computational Advertising
References
The Value of User Feedback
Text Categorisation (I)
Text Classification for a Large-Scale Taxonomy Using Dynamically Mixed Local and Global Models for a Node
Introduction
Related Work
Search Stage
Classification Stage
Training Data Selection
Classifier
Global and Local Models
Dynamic Determination of a Mixture Weight
Experiments
Experimental Set-Up
Evaluation
Conclusion
References
User-Related Tag Expansion for Web Document Clustering
Introduction
Tagging Data Analysis
The Proposed Techniques
Tag Expansion for Document Clustering
Folk-LDA
Folk-MM-LDA
Experiments
Evaluation Method and Dataset
The Tag Expansion Effect on Clustering
Usage Comparison of Expanded Tag Documents
Comparison of Clustering Based on Tags and/or Words
Related Work
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Comparative Experimental Assessment of a Threshold Selection Algorithm in Hierarchical Text Categorization
Introduction
Thresholding Strategies
Progressive Filtering
The Proposed Threshold Selection Algorithm
Motivations
The TSA Algorithm
Computational Complexity of TSA
Experimental Results
TSA vs. RBF.
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Recommender Systems
Improving Tag-Based Recommendation by Topic Diversification
Introduction
Related Work
Tag Based Recommendation
Item Based Collaborative Filtering
Profile Based Recommendation
Topic Aware Recommendation
Topic Detection by Clustering Items or Tags
Using Topic Clusters for Recommendation
Evaluation
Dataset
Baseline Algorithms
Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Joint Model of Feature Mining and Sentiment Analysis for Product Review Rating
Introduction and Background
Data Collection: The HotelReview Corpus
Automatic Product Review Rating
Step I: Detecting Salient Product Features
Step II: Extracting the User Opinion on Each Product Feature
Step III: Quantifying the User Opinions
Step IV: Predicting the Rating of a Review
Evaluation
Evaluation Setup
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
References
Modeling Answerer Behavior in Collaborative Question Answering Systems
Introduction
Related Work
Temporal Patterns in Answerer Behavior
The Yahoo! Answers Setting and Data
Aggregate Temporal Pattern Analysis
Burstiness of Individual Answering Activities
Understanding How Answerers Choose Questions
Question Category Effects
Question Rank Effects
Question Text Effects
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Web IR (I)
Clash of the Typings Finding Controversies and Children's Topics Within Queries
Introduction
Kids' Entity Detection
Overview
Evaluation
Controversy Detection
Overview
Evaluation
Concluding Remarks
References
Are Semantically Related Links More Effective for Retrieval?
Introduction
Related Work
Wikipedia Category Structure
Measuring Semantic Relatedness
Links and Categories
Semantic Relatedness and Effectiveness of Links
Conclusions
References
Caching for Realtime Search
Introduction
Related Work
Cache Invalidation Predictors
Problem Definition and Metrics
CIP Algorithms
Evaluation
Experiment Setup
Numerical Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Enhancing Deniability against Query-Logs
Introduction
A Query Scrambler
Theoretical and Practical Feasibility
A Semantic Framework
Current Implementation
Descrambling Ranked-Lists
Evaluation
Datasets, Tools and Methods
Experiments and Results
Conclusions
References
IR Evaluation
On the Contributions of Topics to System Evaluation
Introduction
Two Retrospective Methods
Data
Collections, Topics and Runs
Evaluation Metrics and Goodness Measures
Data Analysis Methods
HITS
Best Subsets
Comparing Methods and Collections of Runs
Results
HITS
Best Subsets
Comparing Methods
Comparing Collections of Runs
Discussion
Conclusions
References
A Methodology for Evaluating Aggregated Search Results
Introduction
Modeling Assumptions and Problem Definition
Related Work
Preference-Based Evaluation Methodology
Constructing the Reference Presentation
Measuring Distance from the Reference
Materials and Methods
Verticals and Queries
Preference Judgements on Block-Pairs
Assessor Agreement on Block-Pair Judgements
Empirical Analysis and Validation
Results
Conclusion
References
Design and Implementation of Relevance Assessments Using Crowdsourcing
Introduction
Related Work
Methodology
Data Preparation
Interface Design
Filtering the Workers
Scheduling the Tasks
Experimental Setup
Results and Discussion
Presentation and Readability
Feedback Analysis
Concluding Remarks
References
In Search of Quality in Crowdsourcing for Search Engine Evaluation
Introduction
Experiment Setup and Data
HIT Design
Task Parameters
Workers' Perception of the Task
Results and Findings
Does Quality Pay?
Does Worker Qualification Affect Quality?
Does Effort Affect Quality?
Conclusions
References
IR for Social Networks (I)
Summarizing a Document Stream
Introduction
Numerous Short Documents on Timeline
Summarization Model Based on Facility Location Problem
Summarizing a Document Stream
Modification of Coefficients e_ij
Linear-Partition Constraint on Document Assignment
Approximate Algorithm for Summarization with the Linear-Partition Constraint
Related Work
Experiments
Evaluation of Document Stream Summarization
Data Preparation
Experimental Setting
Results
Conclusion
References
A Link Prediction Approach to Recommendations in Large-Scale User-Generated Content Systems
Introduction
Background and Related Work
A Link Prediction Approach to Collaborative Filtering
Notation
Algorithms
Experimental Methodology
Evaluation
Link Prediction Performance
Influence of Explicit Social Links
Influence of User Behavior
Conclusions
References
Topic Classification in Social Media Using Metadata from Hyperlinked Objects
Introduction
Data Corpus
Experiments
Conclusion
References
Peddling or Creating? Investigating the Role of Twitter in News Reporting
Introduction
Related Work
Measures of Corpora Divergence
Case Study
Conclusions and Outlook
References
Cross-Language IR
Latent Sentiment Model for Weakly-Supervised Cross-Lingual Sentiment Classification
Introduction
Related Work
Latent Sentiment Model
Experimental Setup
Experimental Results
Results with Different Sentiment Lexicons
Comparison with Other Models
Impact of Prior Information
Domain-Specific Polarity-Bearing Words
Conclusions
References
Fractional Similarity: Cross-Lingual Feature Selection for Search
Introduction
Related Work
Challenges in Computing Feature Similarity
Computing Feature Similarity
T-test
Fractional Similarity
Cross-Lingual Feature Selection
Experiments
Discussion
References
Is a Query Worth Translating: Ask the Users!
Introduction
Related Work
Query Translation
Query Picking vs. MT and DBT in CLIR
Merging Models for Multilingual Search
Evaluation of Query Picking in Multilingual Search
Conclusion
References
IR Theory (I)
Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Learning to Rank Online
Introduction
Related Work
Method
Experiments
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
ReFER: Effective Relevance Feedback for Entity Ranking
Introduction
Related Work
Category Expansion in Wikipedia
Link-Based Relevance Feedback for Entity Ranking
The ReFER Algorithm
ReFER Bootstrap and Its Application to ER Systems
Experimental Results
Experimental Setting
Using Topic Examples
Content Based Pseudo Relevance Feedback
Pseudo Relevance Feedback
Relevance Feedback
Hard vs. Smooth Categories
Conclusions and Further Work
References
The Limits of Retrieval Effectiveness
Background
Query Generation
Experiments
Manual Extraction
Optimal Extraction
System Limit
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Learning Conditional Random Fields from Unaligned Data for Natural Language Understanding
Introduction
Conditional Random Fields
Inference
Training CRFs from Abstract Annotations
Experiments
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Text Categorisation (II)
Subspace Tracking for Latent Semantic Analysis
Introduction
SVD Characteristics
Distributed LSA
Overview
Solving the Base Case
Merging Decompositions
Effects of Truncation
Experiments
Algorithms
Datasets
Accuracy
Performance
Conclusion
References
Text Retrieval Methods for Item Ranking in Collaborative Filtering
Introduction
A New Collaborative Filtering Framework
A General Text Retrieval Framework
A General Collaborative Filtering Framework
Unifying Text Retrieval and Collaborative Filtering
Empirical Evaluation
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Classifying with Co-stems A New Representation for Information Filtering
Introduction
Co-stems
Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Multimedia IR
Interactive Trademark Image Retrieval by Fusing Semantic and Visual Content
Introduction
System Overview
Visual Description of Trademark Images
Shape Information
Color Information
Description of Trademark Images by Vienna Codes
Retrieval Stage
Indexing Trademark Visual Descriptors with LSH
Ranking Combination and Relevance Feedback
Experimental Results
Trademark Dataset
Method Evaluation
Conclusions
References
Dynamic Two-Stage Image Retrieval from Large Multimodal Databases
Introduction
Two-Stage Image Retrieval from Multimodal Databases
An Experiment on Wikipedia
Datasets, Systems, and Methods
Thresholding and Re-ranking
Setting the Baseline
Experimental Results
Related Work
Conclusions and Directions for Further Research
References
IR for Social Networks (II)
Comparing Twitter and Traditional Media Using Topic Models
Introduction
Data Preparation
Topic Discovery and Classification
Topic Discovery
Categorizing Topics
Assigning Topic Types
Empirical Comparison between Twitter and New York Times
Distribution of Topics
Breadth of Topic Coverage
Opinions in Twitter
Topic Spread Through Retweet
Related Work
Conclusions
References
Exploiting Thread Structures to Improve Smoothing of Language Models for Forum Post Retrieval
Introduction
Related Work
State-of-the-Art Language Models for Information Retrieval
Improving Smoothing by Exploiting Thread Structure
The Smoothing Schemes
Utilizing Thread Contexts
Experiments
Data Set
Experiment Results
Conclusions
References
Incorporating Query Expansion and Quality Indicators in Searching Microblog Posts
Introduction
Retrieval Model and Extensions
Quality Indicators
Query Expansion
Experimental Setup
Results and Analysis
Conclusions and Outlook
References
Discovering Fine-Grained Sentiment with Latent Variable Structured Prediction Models
Introduction
A Latent Variable Model of Fine-Grained Sentiment
Experiments
Conclusions
References
IR Applications
Combining Global and Local Semantic Contexts for Improving Biomedical Information Retrieval
Introduction
Related Work
Combining Global and Local Contexts for Biomedical IR
Global Context Document Expansion
Local Context Query Expansion
Experimental Evaluation
Experimental Data Set
Experimental Design
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Smoothing Click Counts for Aggregated Vertical Search
Introduction
Related Work
Data Set
Click Count Regularization
Experiments and Discussion
Features and Learning
Baselines and Evaluation
Results
Robustness
Conclusion
References
Automatic People Tagging for Expertise Profiling in the Enterprise
Introduction
Related Work
Ranking Tags for Expertise Profiling
Problem Definition
Data
Extracting Features from Expertise Evidence Sources
Additional Features
Expertise Evidence Sources
Experiments
Baselines and Evaluation Measures
Learning for Tag Ranking
Importance of Click-Through
Discussion
Conclusions and Further Work
References
Text Categorisation (III)
Text Classification: A Sequential Reading Approach
Introduction
Task Definition and General Principles of the Approach
Overview of the Approach
Preliminaries
Text Classification as a Sequential Decision Problem
MDP for Multi-label Text Classification
Features over States
Learning and Finding the Optimal Classification Policy
Experimental Results
Evaluation Protocol
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Domain Adaptation for Text Categorization by Feature Labeling
Introduction
Related Work
Domain Adaptation Using Labeled Features
Experiments
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Future Work
References
IR for Social Networks (III)
TEMPER: A Temporal Relevance Feedback Method
Introduction
Related Work
Query Expansion in Blog Retrieval
TEMPER
Time-Based Representation of Blogs and Queries
Time-Based Similarity Measure
Experimental Setup
Experimental Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Terms of a Feather: Content-Based News Recommendation and Discovery Using Twitter
Introduction
Background
The Buzzer System
System Architecture
Strategies
User Evaluation
Evaluation Setup
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Topical and Structural Linkage in Wikipedia
Introduction
Related Work
Structural Threshold Algorithm
Link Probability Estimate
Anchor Density
Performance
Link Analysis
KPR Algorithm
Performance
Concluding Discussion
References
Web IR (II)
An Analysis of Time-Instability in Web Search Results
Introduction
Related Work
Types of Instability
Structural vs. Non-Structural
Indexing Issues vs. Ranking Issues
Short-Term vs. Long-Term
Measuring Instability
Data Set
Metrics of Instability
Instability Trends
Overall Trends
Structural vs. Non-Structural
Insertions vs. Swaps
Duration of Change
Factors that Affect Instability
Conclusions
References
Rules of Thumb for Information Acquisition from Large and Redundant Data
Introduction
Basic Notions Used Throughout This Paper
Unique Recall
Unique Recall for Power Law Redundancy Distributions
K-Recall and the Evolution of Redundancy Distributions
The Evolution of Power Laws
Large Real-World Data Sets
Related Work
Discussion and Outlook
References
Bringing Why-QA to Web Search
Introduction and Background
Web Data for Evaluating Why-QA
Relevance Assessment Set-Up
Results
Comparison to Other Approaches
Discussion and Conclusion
References
The Power of Peers
Introduction
Impact of Base Set on SALSA's Performance
Combination of Features
Conclusion
References
Introducing the User-over-Ranking Hypothesis
Introduction
Specificity of Queries
Retrieval Performance
Applicability and RelatedWork
Conclusion and Outlook
References
Second Chance: A Hybrid Approach for Dynamic Result Caching in Search Engines
Introduction
Second Chance Caching Strategy
Cost Model and Scenarios
Experiments
Concluding Discussion
References
IR Theory (II)
Learning Models for Ranking Aggregates
Introduction
Aggregate Ranking towards Learning to Rank
Aggregate Ranking
Learning to Rank
Learning to Rank Aggregates
Experimental Setup
Tasks and Training
Feature Generation
Experimental Results
Feature Group: Voting Techniques
Feature Group: Ranking Cutoffs
Feature Group: Document Rankings
Task Analysis
Discussion
Related Work
Conclusions
References
Efficient Compressed Inverted Index Skipping for Disjunctive Text-Queries
Introduction
Related Work
Index Organization and Skipping
Basic Inverted Index
Self-skipping Index
Query Processing Methods
Term-At-A-Time Processing
Document-At-A-Time Processing
Evaluation
Term-At-A-Time Processing
Document-At-A-Time Processing
Physical Block Size
Conclusions and Further Work
References
Within-Document Term-Based Index Pruning with Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Introduction
Previous Work
Pruning Using the Two-Sample Two-Proportion Test
Language Modeling
The Two-Sample Two-Proportion Test
Static Index Pruning Using the 2N2P Test
Statistical Power of the 2N2P Test
Experimental Results
Data
Building the Index
Baseline
Evaluation
Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
SkipBlock: Self-indexing for Block-Based Inverted List
Introduction
Related Work
Background: Self-indexing for Inverted Lists
The Skip List Model
Skip List Search Algorithm
Impact of the Probabilistic Parameter
SkipBlock: A Block-Based Skip List Model
The SkipBlock Model
SkipBlock Search Algorithm
Impact of the Probability and of the Block's Size
Searching Records in an Interval
Cost-Based Comparison
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Weight-Based Boosting Model for Cross-Domain Relevance Ranking Adaptation
Introduction
Target Weight and Source Weight
Source Weight
Target Weight
Weight-Based Boosting Models for Ranking Adaptation
expWRB
linWRB
Additive Weight-Based RankBoost
Experiments and Results
Conclusions
References
Interactive IR
What Makes Re-finding Information Difficult? A Study of Email Re-finding
Introduction
Background Literature
Organising and Managing Behaviour
Re-finding Behaviour
Materials and Methods
Experimental Design
Analysing the Data
Results
Implications
Situations to Support and Study
Performing Re-finding Experiments
Conclusions and Future Work
References
A User-Oriented Model for Expert Finding
Introduction
Related Work
Baseline Model
Experimental Setup
User-Oriented Model
Knowledge Gain
Contact Time
Experimental Evaluation
Analysis
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis
Topic-Level Analysis
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Simulating Simple and Fallible Relevance Feedback
Introduction
Study Design
Research Questions
The Test Collection, Search Engine, and Query Expansion Method
User Modeling for RF Simulation
Short Initial Queries
Experimental Protocol
Findings
Initial and PRF (Baseline) Queries
Expanded Runs and Fallibility in the Process
Discussion and Conclusion
References
AutoEval: An Evaluation Methodology for Evaluating Query Suggestions Using Query Logs
Introduction
The AutoEval Methodolgy
Experimental Setup
Results and Discussion
References
To Seek, Perchance to Fail: Expressions of User Needs in Internet Video Search
Introduction
Data Set and Experimental Set-Up
Results and Discussion
Conclusion and Outlook
References
Question Answering / NLP
Passage Reranking for Question Answering Using Syntactic Structures and Answer Types
Introduction
Related Work
Passage Retrieval
Bag Of Words (Q-BOW)
Adding Question Analysis (QuAn)
Expanding with Synonyms (QuAn-Wnet)
Passage Reranking
Extraction of Dependency Relation Paths
Training the Model
Dependency Relation Path Similarity (Cui)
Dependency Relation Path Similarity with Answer Type Checking and Named Entities (Atype-DP)
Interpolation with Retrieval Baseline (Atype-DP-IP)
Elimination of Non-Answer-Type-Bearing Passages (QuAn-Elim)
Experiments
Data and Evaluation
Retrieval Performance
Reranking Performance
Conclusions
References
An Iterative Approach to Text Segmentation
Introduction
Related Work
Iterative Text Segmentation
Motivation for an Iterative Approach
Detailed Steps
Comparisons with Related Work
Evaluating Hierarhical Organizations
Best Possible Match
Flattened Linear Partition Match
Experimental Results
Discover Magazine Dataset
Hierarchical Evaluation
Topic Level Evaluation
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Improving Query Focused Summarization Using Look-Ahead Strategy
Introduction
Topic-Sensitive LexRank: A Revisit
Topic-Sensitive LexRank with Look-Ahead Strategy
Redundancy Removal
Experiment and Evaluation
Experiment Setup
Experiments on DUC 2006 Data Set
Comparison with DUC Systems
Comparison with Existing Methods
Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Generalized Method for Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Wikipedia
Introduction
Related Work
Disambiguation Framework
Wikipedia Inventory
Keyphrase Identification and Pruning
Disambiguator
Experiments
Dataset and Performance Metric
Evaluation of the Proposed Method
Comparison with Other Methods
Conclusion
References
Posters
Representing Document Lengths with Identifiers
Introduction
Document-Length Implicit Encoding
Experiments
Conclusions
References
Free-Text Search versus Complex Web Forms
Introduction
Experiment and Results
Experimental Setup
Results
Conclusion
References
Multilingual Log Analysis: LogCLEF
Introduction
LogCLEF
Conclusions
References
A Large-Scale System Evaluation on Component-Level
Introduction
Experimental Setup
Evaluation
Result Discussion
References
Should MT Systems Be Used as Black Boxes in CLIR?
Introduction
New Approach for Using MT in CLIR
Experimental Investigation
Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Video Retrieval Based on Words-of-Interest Selection
Introduction
Words-of-Interest Generation and Video Retrieval
Spatial Proximity Matrix Generation from Query
WoI Selection and WoI Based Similarity Match
Experiment and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Classic Children's Literature - Difficult to Read?
Introduction
User Study
Detecting Difficult Terminology
Summary and Future Work
References
Applying Machine Learning Diversity Metrics to Data Fusion in Information Retrieval
Introduction
Background
Mapping
Experimental Work
Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Reranking Collaborative Filtering with Multiple Self-contained Modalities
Introduction
The Multi-rerank Algorithm
Experimental Evaluation
References
How Far Are We in Trust-Aware Recommendation?
Introduction
Experimental Analysis and Discussion
References
Re-ranking for Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval
Introduction
Re-ranking Method
Experiments
Conclusion
References
Combining Query Translation Techniques to Improve Cross-Language Information Retrieval
Introduction
Translation Models
Experimental Setup
Experimental Results
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Back to the Roots: Mean-Variance Analysis of Relevance Estimations
Introduction
Mean-Variance Analysis Applied to Document Ranking
Experiments
Conclusions
References
A Novel Re-ranking Approach Inspired by Quantum Measurement
Introduction
Quantum Measurement Inspired Ranking (QMR)
Introduction to Quantum Measurement
Our Proposed Model
Empirical Evaluation
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Simple vs. Sophisticated Approaches for Patent Prior-Art Search
Introduction
Retrieval Methodologies in CLEF-IP 2010
Simple Search Approach
Advanced Search Approach
Results
Conclusion
References
Towards Quantum-Based DB+IR Processing Based on the Principle of Polyrepresentation
Introduction
Quantum-Based Frameworks for Polyrepresentation
The IQIR Framework
CQQL
Probabilities, Geometry and Logics for Polyrepresentation - Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusion
References
ATTention: Understanding Authors and Topics in Context of Temporal Evolution
Introduction and Background
The ATTention Model
Experiments
Conclusion
References
Role of Emotional Features in Collaborative Recommendation
Introduction
Approach
Construction of an Emotion Space
Experiment and Result
Discussion and Conclusions
References
The Importance of the Depth for Text-Image Selection Strategy in Learning-To-Rank
Introduction
Models
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
Personal Blog Retrieval Using Opinion Features
Introduction
Personal Blog Retrieval
Calculating Post-level Personal Score
Experimentation and Conclusion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Processing Queries in Session in a Quantum-Inspired IR Framework
Introduction
Processing Queries in Session
Query Categorisation
Query Processing
Conclusion
References
Towards Predicting Relevance Using a Quantum-Like Framework
Introduction
Probability with Relevance State
An Experimental Study
References
Fusion vs. Two-Stage for Multimodal Retrieval
Introduction
An Experiment on Wikipedia
Fusion of Modalities
Dynamic Two-Stage Retrieval
Experimental Results
Conclusions
References
Combination of Feature Selection Methods for Text Categorisation
Introduction
Feature Selection Methods
Combination Methods
Experiments
Outlook and Future Work
References
Demonstrations
Time-Surfer: Time-Based Graphical Access to Document Content
Introduction
Related Work
Time-Surfer
Analysis and Conclusions
References
ARES: A Retrieval Engine Based on Sentiments
Introduction
System Components
Sentiment Estimation
Sentiment Diversification
System Implementation
References
Web Search Query Assistance Functionality for Young Audiences
Introduction
Functionality Overview
Faceted Query Expansion
Community-Created Query Expansion
Content Moderation
Search Interface
Demonstrator Requirements
References
Conversation Retrieval from Twitter
Introduction
Conversation Retrieval Model
Conversation Retrieval System
Demo Session and Concluding Remarks
References
Finding Useful Users on Twitter: Twittomender the Followee Recommender
Introduction
Twittomender: Recommending Users to follow
System Interaction
Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Visual Exploration of Health Information for Children
Introduction
Design
Data Set
Visual Search and Results Presentation
Discussion and Future Work
References
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Advances in Information Retrieval

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