A Companion to the Latin Language

List of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors x Abbreviations of Ancient Authors and Works xiv Abbreviations of Modern Sources xx Symbols Used xxiv Linguistic and Other Abbreviations xxv 1 Introduction 1 James Clackson PART I Sources 7 2 The Latin Alphabet and Orthography 9 Rex Wallace 3 Latin Inscriptions and Documents 29 James Clackson 4 Latin Manuscripts and Textual Traditions 40 Bruce Gibson 5 Romance Languages as a Source for Spoken Latin 59 Roger Wright PART II The Language 81 6 The Sounds of Latin: Phonology 83 Matthew McCullagh 7 Latin Prosody and Metrics 92 Benjamin W. Fortson IV 8 The Forms of Latin: Inflectional Morphology 105 James Clackson 9 Latin Syntax 118 Geoffrey Horrocks 10 Latin Vocabulary 144 Michèle Fruyt 11 Word-Formation in Classical Latin 157 Michèle Fruyt 12 Latin Particles and the Grammar of Discourse 176 Caroline Kroon PART III Latin Through Time 197 13 The Historical Background to Latin within the Indo-European Language Family 199 Benjamin W. Fortson IV 14 Archaic and Old Latin 220 John Penney 15 Classical Latin 236 James Clackson 16 Late Latin 257 J.N. Adams 17 Medieval Latin 284 Greti Dinkova-Bruun 18 Neo-Latin 303 David Butterfield PART IV Literary Registers of Latin 319 19 The Language of Roman Comedy 321 Wolfgang de Melo 20 The Language of Latin Epic and Lyric Poetry 344 Rolando Ferri 21 The Language of Latin Verse Satire 367 Anna Chahoud 22 The Language of Roman Oratory and Rhetoric 384 J.G.F. Powell 23 The Language of Latin Historiography 408 Christina Shuttleworth Kraus 24 Epistolary Latin 426 Hilla Halla-aho 25 Latin as a Technical and Scientific Language 445 Thorsten Fögen 26 Legal Latin 464 J.G.F. Powell 27 Christian Latin 485 Philip Burton PART V Latin in Social and Political Contexts 503 28 The Social Dialects of Latin 505 James Clackson 29 Latin and Other Languages: Societal and Individual Bilingualism 527 Alex Mullen 30 Language Policies in the Roman Republic and Empire 549 Bruno Rochette 31 Latin Inside and Outside of Rome 564 Giovanbattista Galdi References 582 Index Locorum 619 Index 627