
IT Auditing Using Controls to Protect Information Assets, 2nd Edition
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Content
- Cover Page
- IT Auditing: Using Controls to Protect Information Assets
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- About the Authors
- Contents
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I Audit Overview
- Chapter 1 Building an Effective Internal IT Audit Function
- Independence: The Great Myth
- Consulting and Early Involvement
- Four Methods for Consulting and Early Involvement
- Early Involvement
- Informal Audits
- Knowledge Sharing
- Self-Assessments
- Final Thoughts
- Relationship Building: Partnering vs. Policing
- Learning to Build Partnerships
- The Role of the IT Audit Team
- Application Auditors
- Data Extraction and Analysis Specialists
- IT Auditors
- Forming and Maintaining an Effective IT Audit Team
- Career IT Auditors
- IT Professionals
- Career IT Auditors vs. IT Professionals: Final Thoughts
- Cosourcing
- Maintaining Expertise
- Sources of Learning
- Relationship with External Auditors
- Summary
- Chapter 2 The Audit Process
- Internal Controls
- Types of Internal Controls
- Internal Control Examples
- Determining What to Audit
- Creating the Audit Universe
- Ranking the Audit Universe
- Determining What to Audit: Final Thoughts
- The Stages of an Audit
- Planning
- Fieldwork and Documentation
- Issue Discovery and Validation
- Solution Development
- Report Drafting and Issuance
- Issue Tracking
- Standards
- Summary
- PART II Auditing Techniques
- Chapter 3 Auditing Entity-Level Controls
- Background
- Test Steps for Auditing Entity-Level Controls
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklist
- Auditing Entity-Level Controls
- Chapter 4 Auditing Data Centers and Disaster Recovery
- Background
- Data Center Auditing Essentials
- Physical Security and Environmental Controls
- System and Site Resiliency
- Data Center Operations
- Disaster Preparedness
- Test Steps for Auditing Data Centers
- Neighborhood and External Risk Factors
- Physical Access Controls
- Environmental Controls
- Power and Electricity
- Fire Suppression
- Data Center Operations
- System Resiliency
- Data Backup and Restore
- Disaster Recovery Planning
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Auditing Data Centers
- Chapter 5 Auditing Routers, Switches, and Firewalls
- Background
- Network Auditing Essentials
- Protocols
- OSI Model
- Routers and Switches
- Firewalls
- Auditing Switches, Routers, and Firewalls
- General Network Equipment Audit Steps
- Additional Switch Controls: Layer 2
- Additional Router Controls: Layer 3
- Additional Firewall Controls
- Tools and Technology
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- General Network Equipment Audit Steps
- Auditing Layer 2 Devices: Additional Controls for Switches
- Auditing Layer 3 Devices: Additional Controls for Routers
- Auditing Firewalls: Additional Controls
- Chapter 6 Auditing Windows Operating Systems
- Background
- Windows Auditing Essentials
- Command-Line Tips
- Essential Command-Line Tools
- Common Commands
- Server Administration Tools
- Performing the Audit
- Test Steps for Auditing Windows
- Setup and General Controls
- Review Services, Installed Applications, and Scheduled Tasks
- Account Management and Password Controls
- Review User Rights and Security Options
- Network Security and Controls
- Network Vulnerability Scanning and Intrusion Prevention
- How to Perform a Simplified Audit of a Windows Client
- Tools and Technology
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Auditing Windows Servers
- Auditing Windows Clients
- Chapter 7 Auditing Unix and Linux Operating Systems
- Background
- Unix and Linux Auditing Essentials
- Key Concepts
- File System Layout and Navigation
- File System Permissions
- Users and Authentication
- Network Services
- Test Steps for Auditing Unix and Linux
- Account Management and Password Controls
- File Security and Controls
- Network Security and Controls
- Audit Logs
- Security Monitoring and General Controls
- Tools and Technology
- Nessus
- NMAP
- Chkrootkit
- Crack and John the Ripper
- Tiger and TARA
- Shell/Awk/etc
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Auditing Account Management and Password Controls
- Auditing File Security and Controls
- Auditing Network Security and Controls
- Auditing Audit Logs
- Auditing Security Monitoring and General Controls
- Chapter 8 Auditing Web Servers and Web Applications
- Background
- Web Auditing Essentials
- One Audit with Multiple Components
- Part 1: Test Steps for Auditing the Host Operating System
- Part 2: Test Steps for Auditing Web Servers
- Part 3: Test Steps for Auditing Web Applications
- Additional Steps for Auditing Web Applications
- Tools and Technology
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Auditing Web Servers
- Auditing Web Applications
- Chapter 9 Auditing Databases
- Background
- Database Auditing Essentials
- Common Database Vendors
- Database Components
- Test Steps for Auditing Databases
- Setup and General Controls
- Operating System Security
- Account and Permissions Management
- Data Encryption
- Monitoring and Management
- Tools and Technology
- Auditing Tools
- Monitoring Tools
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklist
- Auditing Databases
- Chapter 10 Auditing Storage
- Background
- Storage Auditing Essentials
- Key Storage Components
- Key Storage Concepts
- Test Steps for Auditing Storage
- Setup and General Controls
- Account Management
- Storage Management
- Additional Security Controls
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Chapter 11 Auditing Virtualized Environments
- Background
- Commercial and Open Source Projects
- Virtualization Auditing Essentials
- Test Steps for Auditing Virtualization
- Setup and General Controls
- Account and Resource Provisioning and Deprovisioning
- Virtual Environment Management
- Additional Security Controls
- Knowledge Base
- Hypervisors
- Tools
- Master Checklists
- Chapter 12 Auditing WLAN and Mobile Devices
- Background
- WLAN Background
- Data-Enabled Mobile Devices Background
- WLAN and Mobile Device Auditing Essentials
- Test Steps for Auditing Wireless LANs
- Part 1: WLAN Technical Audit
- Part 2: WLAN Operational Audit
- Test Steps for Auditing Mobile Devices
- Part 1: Mobile Device Technical Audit
- Part 2: Mobile Device Operational Audit
- Additional Considerations
- Tools and Technology
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Auditing Wireless LANs
- Auditing Mobile Devices
- Chapter 13 Auditing Applications
- Background
- Application Auditing Essentials
- Generalized Frameworks
- Best Practices
- Test Steps for Auditing Applications
- Input Controls
- Interface Controls
- Audit Trails
- Access Controls
- Software Change Controls
- Backup and Recovery
- Data Retention and Classification and User Involvement
- Operating System, Database, and Other Infrastructure Controls
- Master Checklists
- Application Best Practices
- Auditing Applications
- Chapter 14 Auditing Cloud Computing and Outsourced Operations
- Background
- IT Systems and Infrastructure Outsourcing
- IT Service Outsourcing
- Other Considerations for IT Service Outsourcing
- SAS 70 Reports
- Test Steps for Auditing Cloud Computing and Outsourced Operations
- Preliminary and Overview
- Vendor Selection and Contracts
- Data Security
- Operations
- Legal Concerns and Regulatory Compliance
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklist
- Auditing Cloud Computing and Outsourced Operations
- Chapter 15 Auditing Company Projects
- Background
- Project Auditing Essentials
- High-Level Goals of a Project Audit
- Basic Approaches to Project Auditing
- Seven Major Parts of a Project Audit
- Test Steps for Auditing Company Projects
- Overall Project Management
- Project Start-up: Requirements Gathering and Initial Design
- Detailed Design and System Development
- Testing
- Implementation
- Training
- Project Wrap-up
- Knowledge Base
- Master Checklists
- Auditing Overall Project Management
- Auditing Project Startup
- Auditing Detailed Design and System Development
- Auditing Testing
- Auditing Implementation
- Auditing Training
- Auditing Project Wrap-up
- PART III Frameworks, Standards, and Regulations
- Chapter 16 Frameworks and Standards
- Introduction to Internal IT Controls, Frameworks, and Standards
- COSO
- COSO Definition of Internal Control
- Key Concepts of Internal Control
- Internal Control-Integrated Framework
- Enterprise Risk Management-Integrated Framework
- Relationship Between Internal Control and Enterprise Risk-Management Publications
- COBIT
- COBIT Concepts
- IT Governance
- IT Governance Maturity Model
- The COSO-COBIT Connection
- COBIT 5.0
- ITIL
- ITIL Concepts
- ISO 27001
- ISO 27001 Concepts
- NSA INFOSEC Assessment Methodology
- NSA INFOSEC Assessment Methodology Concepts
- Pre-assessment Phase
- On-Site Activities Phase
- Post-assessment Phase
- Frameworks and Standards Trends
- References
- Chapter 17 Regulations
- An Introduction to Legislation Related to Internal Controls
- Regulatory Impact on IT Audits
- History of Corporate Financial Regulation
- The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
- SOX's Impact on Public Corporations
- Core Points of the SOX Act
- SOX's Impact on IT Departments
- SOX Considerations for Companies with Multiple Locations
- Impact of Third-Party Services on SOX Compliance
- Specific IT Controls Required for SOX Compliance
- The Financial Impact of SOX Compliance on Companies
- Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
- GLBA Requirements
- Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
- Privacy Regulations
- California SB 1386
- International Privacy Laws
- Privacy Law Trends
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
- HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules
- The HITECH Act
- HIPAA's Impact on Covered Entities
- EU Commission and Basel II
- Basel II Capital Accord
- Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard
- PCI Impact on the Payment Card Industry
- Other Regulatory Trends
- References
- Chapter 18 Risk Management
- Benefits of Risk Management
- Risk Management from an Executive Perspective
- Addressing Risk
- Quantitative vs. Qualitative Risk Analysis
- Quantitative Risk Analysis
- Elements of Risk
- Practical Application
- Quantitative Risk Analysis in Practice
- Common Causes for Inaccuracies
- Qualitative Risk Analysis
- IT Risk Management Life Cycle
- Phase 1: Identify Information Assets
- Phase 2: Quantify and Qualify Threats
- Phase 3: Assess Vulnerabilities
- Phase 4: Remediate Control Gaps
- Phase 5: Manage Residual Risk
- Summary of Formulas
- Index
- Footnotes
- ch16fn01
- ch16fn02
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