Reflections on Translation Theory

Name: Reflections on Translation Theory | Selected papers 1993 - 2014
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Selected papers 1993 - 2014

Andrew Chesterman(Author)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1st Edition

Published on 26. April 2017

406 pages

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Content

Intro
Reflections on Translation Theory
Editorial page
Title page
LCC data
Table of contents
Preface
Section I. Some general issues
Paper 1. On the idea of a theory
1. A way of seeing
2. Description, explanation
3. Kinds of theory
4. Myths of translation
5. Metaphors of translation
6. Models of translation
7. Hypotheses of translation
8. Structured research programmes (?)
9. Contributing to theory
10. A translation is itself a theory
Paper 2. Shared ground in translation studies
What is translation?
Why is this (kind of) translation like this?
What consequences do translations have?
Coda by AC
Coda by RA
Paper 3. What constitutes "progress" in Translation Studies?
1. Applied science
2. Hermeneutic discipline
3. Empirical human science
4. Notions and criteria of progress
5. Theories and paradigms
6. In conclusion
Paper 4. Towards consilience?
1. Pros and cons of interdisciplinarity
2. Four levels of translation research
3. Causality
4. Bridge concepts
5. Consilience?
Section II. Descriptive and prescriptive
Paper 5. The empirical status of prescriptivism
1. The gap between theory and practice
2. To describe and explain
3. Hypotheses of cause and effect
4. Problems with hypotheses of effect
5. Narrowing the gap between theory and practice
Paper 6. Skopos theory: A retrospective assessment
1. Introduction
2. Axiomatic assumptions
3. Conceptual contribution
3.1 Key terms and conceptual distinctions
3.2 Underlying metaphorical structure
4. Ontological status of the theory
5. Empirical status of the theory
5.1 Descriptive adequacy
5.2 Explanatory adequacy
5.3 Testable consequences
6. The ethical dimension
7. The competition?
8. Concluding remarks
Paper 7. Catford revisited
1. The nature of the theory
2. Equivalence and correspondence
3. Assumptions about meaning
4. Use of examples
5. What do we conclude?
Paper 8. The descriptive paradox, or how theory can affect practice
1. Introduction
2. How translation theory might influence translators
2.1 Prescriptive training
2.2 Tacit theory
2.3 The descriptive paradox
3. A personal experience
4. Concluding remarks
Section III. Causality and explanation
Paper 9. Causes, translations, effects
1. Conceptual analysis
2. Translation typology
2.1 Background
2.2 Equivalence variables
2.3 Target-language variables
2.4 Translator variables
2.5 Special situational variables
2.6 Default values
2.7 Applications
3. Translatorial causality
3.1 Proximate causes
3.2 Aristotelian causes
3.3 Socio-cultural causes
3.4 Causal laws
4. Translation effects
4.1 Laws of effect
4.2 Parameters of effect
4.3 The sampling problem
4.4 The prescriptive problem3
5. Conclusion
Notes
Paper 10. A causal model for translation studies
1. Models
1.1 The comparative model
1.2 The process model
1.3 The causal model
2. Hypotheses
2.1 Interpretive hypotheses
2.2 Descriptive hypotheses
2.3 Explanatory and predictive hypotheses
2.4 Hypotheses and models
3. Conclusion: universals and laws
Paper 11. Semiotic modalities in translation causality
1. Causality in Translation Studies [.]
2. Criticisms
3. Modalities
4. Applications of the modalities
5. Conclusion
Paper 12. On explanation
1. Introduction
2. What counts as an explanation?
3. Generalization
4. Causality
Material cause
Final cause
Formal cause
Efficient cause
Causal explanations proper
Quasi-causal explanations
Teleological explanations
Quasi-teleological explanations
5. Unification
6. Multiple explanations
7. Conclusion: relations
Notes
Section IV. Norms
Paper 13. From 'is' to 'ought': Laws, norms and strategies in translation studies
1. Descriptive plus evaluative
2. Laws and norms
3. Validation of norms
4. Translation norms
4.1 Professional norms
4.2 Expectancy norms
5. A normative science
6. Strategies and normative laws
7. Empirical status
7.1 Prediction
7.2 Explanation
8. Applications
Paper 14. A note on norms and evidence
1. Introduction
2. The two senses
3. Descriptive and explanatory
4. Regularities
5. Evidence of normative force
6. Testing hypotheses about norms
Section V. Similarities and differences
Paper 15. On similarity
Paper 16. Problems with strategies
1. The terminological problem
2. The conceptual problem
a. Result vs. process
b. Linguistic vs. cognitive
c. Problem-solving vs. routine
d. Global vs. local
3. The classification problem
4. The application problem
5. The pedagogical problem
6. Proposal for a solution
Paper 17. The unbearable lightness of English words
1. The initial question
2. Thresholds of silence and salience
3. Some preliminary evidence
4. Salience adjustment
5. Conclusion
Section VI. Hypotheses
Paper 18. The status of interpretive hypotheses
1. Interpreting obscure meaning
2. Varieties of hermeneutic AS
3. Assessing interpretive hypotheses
4. Interpretive hypotheses and explanations
5. Conclusion
Notes
Paper 19. Reflections on the literal translation hypothesis
1. Introduction
2. Conceptual background
3. The hypothesis and its significance
4. One recent study, and one different one
5. Concluding comments
Section VII. "Universals"
Paper 20. Beyond the particular
1. Introduction
2. The prescriptive route
Problem: overgeneralization (neglect of differences)
Problem: fallacy of converse accident
Problem: idealization
Contribution: first attempts to generalize
Contribution: subsequent attempts at typologies
Contribution: concern with translation quality
3. The pejorative route
Problem: assumptions about quality - overgeneralization again
Problem: assumption of the universality of formal stylistic universals
Problem: socio-cultural effect on translator status
Contribution: concern with quality
Contribution: awareness of ethical issues
4. The descriptive route
Problem: testing
Problem: representativeness
Problem: universality
Problem: conceptualization and terminology
Problem: operationalization
Problem: causality
Contribution: methodological
Contribution: interdisciplinarity
Contribution: concern with translation quality
Notes
Paper 21. What is a unique item?
1. Introducing the hypothesis
2. Unique with respect to what languages?
3. Absolutely unique?
4. How do we identify uniqueness?
5. Linguistically or perceptually unique?
6. Are unique items unique to translation?
7. Is "unique item" a good term?
8. Is the cart before the horse?
9. What's the point?
Notes
Paper 22. Kundera's sentence
1. Kundera's criticism
2. Kundera's rationale
3. Some discourse analysis
4. Some biographical data1
5. Simmel's stranger
6. A tentative hypothesis
Notes
Paper 23. Universalism in translation studies
1. Kuhn vs. Popper again?
2. A non-universal metaphor?
3. Universal features of translations?
4. Standardized terms?
5. Concluding remarks
Section VIII. The sociological turn
Paper 24. Questions in the sociology of translation
1. The sociocultural context
2. Current models and frameworks
2.1 Polysystems
2.2 Bourdieu
2.3 Luhmann
2.4 Translation historiography
2.5 Critical discourse theory, pragmatics
2.6 Sociolinguistic models
2.7 Skopos theory
2.8 Quality control, the translation market, language planning
3. Translation practices
4. Actor-network theory
5. Applications
Notes
Paper 25. The name and nature of translator studies
1. Translator studies?
2. Back to the map.
3. Translation sociology
4. Towards an agent model
Paper 26. Models of what processes?
1. Act and event
2. Models and problems
3. Models of virtual processes
4. Models of reverse-engineered processes
5. Models of actual processes
6. Relations between types of models
7. Some models of the translation event
8. The translation practice?
9. Concluding remarks
Notes
Section IX. Translation ethics
Paper 27. Proposal for a Hieronymic Oath
1. Four current models of translation ethics
Ethics of representation
Ethics of service
Ethics of communication
Norm-based ethics
2. Problems
3. The deontic force of excellence
4. An ethics of commitment
5. A Hieronymic Oath?
Paper 28. An ethical decision
References
Name index
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