Dealing with the Complex Interrelation of Intermittent Supply and Water Losses

Name: Dealing with the Complex Interrelation of Intermittent Supply and Water Losses
Brand: IWA Publishing
Price: 112.99 EUR
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Bambos Charalambous Chrysi Laspidou(Author)

IWA Publishing

Published on 15. August 2017

162 pages

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978-1-78040-707-4 (ISBN)

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Content

Cover
Copyright
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Principal Authors
Contributing Authors
Acknowledgements
Further Acknowledgements
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 10 Reasons Why IWS Should be Avoided
1.2 Definition: The Complexity of Defining and Measuring IWS
1.3 Water Use Under IWS and 24 × 7 Regime
1.4 References
Chapter 2: Global dimensions of IWS - number of people affected worldwide
2.1 Disparate Information on IWS
2.2 Proposed Methodology for Estimating IWS-Affected Population Worldwide
2.3 Results
2.4 References
Chapter 3: Root causes and implications of IWS
3.1 Root Causes
3.1.1 Water scarcity
3.1.2 Fast population growth in LAMI countries
3.1.3 Rapidly increasing demand due to urbanization
3.1.4 Alternatives are perceived as impossible
3.1.5 Lack of planning
3.1.6 Lack of awareness
3.2 Implications of IWS
3.2.1 Water contamination and health hazard
3.2.2 Water wastage
3.2.3 Systems do not operate as designed
3.2.4 Inequitable distribution within the network
3.2.5 Inconvenience and high coping costs to consumers
3.2.6 Seasonal dependence
3.2.7 Network deterioration
3.2.8 Increased difficulties in detecting and fixing leaks
3.2.9 Meter malfunctioning & accelerated wear & tear
3.2.10 Inefficient operations - more manpower
3.3 References
Chapter 4: Reasons for resistance to change towards 24 × 7
4.1 The Utility Point of View
4.2 The Customer Point of View
4.3 Other Stakeholders and Vested Interests
4.4 References
Chapter 5: Understanding water losses in the context of IWS
5.1 The Challenges in Having IWS
5.2 The Vicious Cycle of IWS
5.3 Myth Busters
5.4 The Challenge
5.5 The Need for a Standardised Approach
5.6 References
Chapter 6: Transitioning from IWS to continuous 24 × 7
6.1 Approaches to Water Loss Reduction
6.2 Assessing Water Losses
6.3 Moving Away From "Business as Usual"
6.4 Developing a Water Loss Reduction Strategy
6.5 Water Supply Matrix
6.5.1 High water loss level, intermittent supply
6.5.2 Low water loss level, intermittent supply
6.5.3 High water loss level, continuous supply
6.5.4 Low water loss level, continuous supply
6.6 Preparing an "IWS To 24 × 7" Transitioning Plan
6.6.1 Introduction
6.6.1.1 Step 1: IWS problem analysis
6.6.1.2 Step 2: Initial water audit
6.6.1.3 Step 3: Water loss performance indicators
6.6.1.4 Step 4: Volumetric assessment
6.6.1.5 Step 5: Planning the transitioning from IWS to 24 × 7
6.7 References
Chapter 7: Leakage detection under IWS
7.1 Case Studies
7.1.1 Middle East 1
7.1.2 Middle East 2
7.1.3 Middle East 3
7.1.4 Asia
7.1.5 Africa
7.1.6 Conclusion
7.2 Methodology for Leakage Detection Activities
7.2.1 Important issues
7.2.2 Further considerations and recommendations
7.2.3 Trunk main leak detection
7.3 Scenarios for Leakage Detection
7.3.1 Scenario A: IWS regime of at least 4 hours and higher
7.3.2 Scenario B: IWS regime to temporarily 24 hours in an urban environment
7.3.3 Scenario C: IWS regime to temporarily 24 hours in a rural environment
Chapter 8: Metering under IWS
8.1 Domestic Water Meters
8.2 Bulk Water Meters (DMA Meters) Types
8.3 How Air in the Network Affects the Meters
8.4 Observations Under IWS Conditions
8.4.1 Domestic (household) meters
8.4.1.1 Velocity meters
8.4.1.2 Volumetric meters
8.4.1.3 Smart meters
8.4.2 Bulk meters
8.5 Repercussions of Air on Meters
8.6 Factors Affecting Accurate Flow Measurements
Chapter 9: Communication with stakeholders
9.1 Why Stakeholder Engagement?
9.2 Basic Principles of Engagement
9.3 Stakeholders
9.3.1 Stakeholder analysis
9.3.2 Stakeholders
9. 4 References
Chapter 10: Case studies
10.1 Brazil: Intermittent Water Supply - The Real Bill Comes Later
10.1.1 Abstract
10.1.2 Scenario
10.1.3 Emergency water supply plan
10.1.4 Water supply characteristics
10.1.5 Pressure reduction program implementation
10.1.6 Data analysis of reported and unreported leaks
10.1.7 Effects of operational rules
10.1.8 Conclusions
10.2 Cyprus: The Effects of Intermittent Supply on Water Distribution Networks
10.2.1 Abstract
10.2.2 Introduction
10.2.3 Water loss minimisation
10.2.4 The water board of lemesos case study
10.2.5 Cost of intermittent supply
10.2.6 Conclusions
10.3 Ghana: The Challenges of Transitioning to 24 × 7
10.3.1 Introduction
10.3.2 Challenges of intermittent water supply
10.3.3 Intermittent water supply and water losses
10.3.4 Transitioning from intermittent water supply to 24 × 7
10.3.5 Lessons learnt
10.3.6 Project characteristics
10.4 Italy: Action Plan to Face Water Crisis - Moving from IWS to 24 × 7
10.4.1 Introduction
10.4.2 The current situation of the water distribution network - initial audit
10.4.3 Activities carried out
10.4.4 Transitioning from IWS to 24 × 7
10.4.5 Lesson learnt
10.5 South Africa: The Dangers of Intermittent Supply as a Measure to Save Water
10.5.1 Abstract
10.5.2 Introduction
10.5.3 Intermittent water supply
10.5.4 Health issues
10.5.5 Reducing consumption through intermittent supply
10.5.6 Conclusions
10.5.7 Recommendations
10.6 Sri Lanka: Intermittent Water Supply and Water Losses
10.6.1 Introduction
10.6.2 Challenges of intermittent water supply
10.6.3 Intermittent water supply and water losses
10.6.4 Transitioning from intermittent water supply to 24 × 7
10.6.5 Lessons learnt
10.6.6 Project characteristics
10.7 References
Index

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Dealing with the Complex Interrelation of Intermittent Supply and Water Losses

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