Rapid Mixing and Sampling Techniques in Biochemistry

Table of ContentsList of participants Preface Rapid Flow Methods Introductory Remarks Origins of the Rapid Flow Method I. Rapid Mixing and Fluid Flow Flash Photographs of Jet Collision Phenomena A Curved Coaxial Mixer with Two Circular Inlet Channels A Ten Jet Mixer Cavitation in Rapid Flow Apparatuses General Discussion: Rapid Mixing and Fluid Flow II. Injection into a Fixed Volume Ball Mixers The Moving Mixing Chamber Multiple Rapid Mixing of Micro-Samples by a Gun-Type Projection System and its Rapid Spectroscopic Evaluation A Simple Micro Stopped Flow Apparatus III. Stopped Flow Methods A Stopped Flow Apparatus A Thermal Stopped Flow Apparatus General Discussion: Stopped Flow Methods IV. Continuous Flow Methods A Pulsed Flow Apparatus Continuous Flow Methods Adapted for EPR Apparatus Continuous Flow Methods Adapted for EPR Apparatus General Discussion: Flow Apparatuses V. Flow with Photolysis and Temperature Jump Photochemical Activation Using Flash Tubes Photochemical Activation with Optical Maser A Combination of Temperature Jump and Flow Techniques Combined Temperature Jump-Flow Apparatus Rapid Stopping and Sampling Techniques VI. Liquid-Liquid Quenching Rapid Freezing of Liquids by Colliding Jets Quenching by Squirting into Cold Immiscible Liquids An Experimental Evaluation of the Bray Rapid Freezing Technique Effects of Quenching Techniques on Results of Fast Sampling Experiments General Discussion: Liquid-Liquid Quenching VII. Tissue Freeze Quenching Rapid Arrest of Metabolism with Melting Freon The Rapid Freezing Method for the Interruption of Muscular Contraction Metabolite Assay in Frozen Samples of Liver Tissue General Discussion: Solid-Liquid Quenching VIII. Rapid Sampling Techniques Rotating Stopcock and Aspirator Type Samplers Rapid Sampling with Single Drop Aliquots Three Fast Sampling Techniques for Biokinetic Experiments with Radioisotopes Multi-Channel Syringe-Type Sampler for Large Scale Experiments Techniques for Following Rapid Inhibitor-Induced Changes in the Operation of the Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction Cycle Techniques for Studying Kinetics in Mitochondrial Suspensions A Comparison of the Resolution of Chemical and Optical Sampling Summary Discussion: Correlation of Mixing, Sampling, and Stopping Techniques Concluding Remarks Appendices Editor's Note I. On the Application of Fluid Dynamics to the Development of Rapid Mixing Techniques II. Mixers III. Energy Dissipation in Mixing IV. An Electromagnetic Flow Meter V. Perturbation of Accelerated Biostructures VI. Conditions for Combining the Rapid Flow Technique with the Temperature Jump Method Index