Advances in Microelectronics, Embedded Systems and IoT

Name: Advances in Microelectronics, Embedded Systems and IoT | Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications (ICMEET 2023)
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Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications (ICMEET 2023)

V. V. S. S. S. Chakravarthy Vikrant Bhateja Jaume Anguera Shabana Urooj Anumoy Ghosh(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 18. May 2024

XXVII, 543 pages

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978-981-97-0767-6 (ISBN)

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V. V. S. S. S. Chakravarthy is Professor, Dean R&D in the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering at Raghu Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam. He is Senior Member of Communication, Signal Processing, and Antenna and Propagation Societies of IEEE. He is serving as Vice Chair of IEEE COMSOC/SPS Joint Chapters of IEEE Vizag Bay Section. His research interests include Computational Intelligence, Smart Antenna, Data Modeling, Machine Learning, and Evolutionary Computing Tools. He has 18 years of teaching. He served as Co-editor of proceedings of Third and Fifth International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications published in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. He is also Life Member of professional bodies like Instrumentation Society of India, International Computer Science and Engineering Society (ICSES), and Soft Computing Research Society. He published more than 40 journal and conference papers along with one book chapter whichare indexed in SCOPUS and SCI.

Vikrant Bhateja is Associate Professor at the Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. He holds a doctorate in ECE (Bio-medical Imaging) with a total academic teaching experience of 19+ years with around 190 publications in reputed international conferences, journals, and online book chapter contributions, out of which 37 papers are published in SCIE indexed high impact factored journals. One of his papers published in Review of Scientific Instruments (RSI) Journal (under American International Publishers) has been selected as "Editor Choice Paper of the Issue" in 2016. Among the international conference publications, four papers have received "Best Paper Award". He has been instrumental in chairing/co-chairing around 30 international conferences in India and abroad as Publication/TPC Chair and edited 52 book volumes from Springer Nature asCorresponding co-editor/Author on date. He has delivered nearly 22 keynotes, invited talks in international conferences, ATAL, TEQIP, and other AICTE-sponsored FDPs and STTPs. He has been Editor-in-Chief of IGI Global-International Journal of Natural Computing and Research (IJNCR) an ACM & DBLP indexed journal from 2017 to 2022. He has guest edited Special Issues in reputed SCIE indexed journals under Springer Nature and Elsevier. He is Senior Member of IEEE and Life Member of CSI.

Jaume Anguera is Founder of and CTO at Ignion. Prior to this, he was the Partner and R&D Manager at Fractus, Barcelona, Spain. He is also serving as Associate Professor at Universitat Ramon LLull, Barcelona, Spain. He is IEEE Antennas and Propagation Distinguished Lecturer. He holds more than 150 patents. His biography is listed in Who´sWho in the World, Who´sWho in Engineering. He was Author of more than 250 scientific widely cited papers and international conferences with citations above 7500, h-index 50, and i10 index of 150 and Author of 6 books. He has participated in more than 21 competitive research projects financed by the Spanish Ministry . He is Author of 6 books, directed more than 100 bachelor's and master's theses, and 3 Ph.Ds. He is Inventor of Virtual AntennaT technology, which enables full functional multi-band wireless connectivity to wireless devices through miniature and off-the-shelf antenna boosters. He has taught more than 20 antenna courses around the world (USA, China, Korea, India, UK, France, Poland, Czech Republic, Tunisia, Spain). With over 21 years of R&D experience, he has developed part of his professional experience with Fractus in South Korea in the design of miniature antennas for large Korean companies such as Samsung and LG. He has received several national and international awards. He is Associate Editor of the IEEE Open Journal on Antennas and Propagation, Electronics Letters, and International Journal of Electronics and Communications and Reviewer in several IEEE and other scientific journals. He is Vice Chair of the working group "Software and Modeling" at EurAAP.

Dr. Shabana Urooj (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.E. degree in electrical engineering and the M.Tech. degree in instrumentation and control from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, in 1998 and 2003, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Delhi, India, in 2011. She has nearly three years of industry experience and over 19 years of teaching experience. She is currently working as Associate Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She has guided several Ph.D. and master's theses and dissertations. She has authored and coauthored more than 150 research papers which are published in high-quality international journals and conference proceedings. She was a recipient of the Research Excellence Award from PNU, the Springer's Excellence in Teaching and Research Award, the American Ceramic Society's Young Professional Award, the IEEE Region 10 Award for outstanding contribution in Educational Activities, and several Best Paper Presentation Awards. Recently, she has received the Badge of IEEE STEM Ambassador for her excellent volunteering and efforts in STEM promotional activities. She is holding the responsibility of Vice Chair of the IEEE Saudi Arabia Section.

Dr. Anumoy Ghosh has obtained his Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in IIEST Shibpur in 2018. Since 2014, he is working in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at NIT Mizoram and is currently holding the position of Assistant Professor Gr-I. He has 46 publications in reputed SCI journals and international conferences. His research group has 10 Ph.D. scholars working in various domains of microwave and millimeter wave engineering. He has served as Reviewer for various SCI journals under the publications house of IEEE, Wiley, Radioengineering, and Taylor & Francis. He has given several expert lectures in various institutes on microwave engineering and awareness about microwave technologies. His research interests include Antennas, MIMO technology, RFID, Microwave Energy Harvesting, Frequency Selective Surfaces, and THz technology.

Content

Intro
Committee
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Hardware Security for IC Piracy: Logic Locking Past, Present and Opportunity
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Basics of Logic Locking
3 Logic Locking: Defence Techniques
3.1 Primitive Logic Locking
3.2 Cyclic-Based-Logic Locking
3.3 Scan Chain Logic Locking/Blocking
3.4 Finite State Machine-Based Logic Locking
4 Logic Locking: Attacks
4.1 Algorithmic Attacks
4.2 Approximate Attacks
4.3 Structural Attacks
5 Research Opportunities in Logic Locking
6 Conclusion
References
Design and Analysis of 2.4 to 3.5 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier for Sub-6 Cellular LTE/5G NR Application Using CMOS 110 nm SOI Process Technology
1 Introduction
2 Selection of Process Technology (CMOS SOI)
3 Topology Selection for Proposed LNA
4 Transistor Size Selection for Proposed LNA Design
5 Impedance Matching for Proposed LNA Design
6 Circuit Design of proposed LNA Design
7 Performance of Designed LNA Abbreviations and Acronyms
7.1 S Parameter
7.2 Noise Figure
7.3 Stability
7.4 Linearity
8 Comparison of Proposed LNA Design
9 Conclusion
References
Out-of-Order Execution of Instructions for In-Order Five-Stage RISC-V Processor
1 Introduction
2 System Design
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Load Balancing by Efficient Resource Allocation for Edge Devices
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Method
2.1 The First Stage Is to Build the Simulator that Mainly Contains 3 Physical Entities
2.2 Finding the Most Appropriate Load Balancing Algorithm and Adding It to the Simulator
3 Evaluating the Performance of the Simulator
4 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Clock Gating Techniques for Low Power
1 Introduction
2 Power Analysis of Existing Clock Gating Techniques
2.1 AND-Based Clock Gating
2.2 Flip-Flop-Based Clock Gating
2.3 Latch-Based Clock Gating (LBCG)
2.4 Data-Driven-Based Clock Gating
2.5 Autogated-Based Clock Gating (ABCG)
3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusion
References
Design and Development of Physiological Parameter Monitoring System Using Wearable Sensors
1 Introduction
1.1 Background Study
2 Research Methods
2.1 Material and Study
2.2 Block Diagram
2.3 Flowchart
2.4 Circuit Diagram
3 Testing
3.1 Data Retrieval
4 Conclusion
References
Energy-Efficient Enhancement of the AES Module in Randshift Method Through S-Box with Registers
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Methodology
3.1 Existing AES in Randshift
3.2 Proposed Methodology
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Numerical Exploration of Supercontinuum Generation in Zinc-Germanium Diphosphide-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Design of PCF
3 Linear and Nonlinear Parameters
4 Optical Properties of the Fiber
5 Numerical Simulation Outcomes for SCG
6 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Adaptive Learning-Based IoT Security Framework Using Recurrent Neural Networks
1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Motivation
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Overview of the Proposed Adaptive Learning-Based IoT Security Framework
3.2 Sensor Parameters for IoT Security Analysis
3.3 Data Collection and Preprocessing for RNN Training
3.4 Model Evaluation and Validation Techniques
4 Implementation
4.1 Selection of IoT Devices and Network Setup
4.2 Integration of the RNN Model into the IoT Security Framework
5 Results and Analysis
5.1 Performance Evaluation Metrics
5.2 Comparison of the Proposed Framework with Traditional Methods
6 Conclusion
References
Design of Radial Basis Function with PI-Based Supervisory Neural Controller for Liquid Level System
1 Introduction
2 RBF-PI-Based Supervisory Controller
3 Discrete-Time PI Controller with Anti-windup (AW) Strategy
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
A Novel Approach for the Design of a Raspberry Pi-Based Smart Drainage Monitoring System
1 Introduction
2 Methodologies and Hardware Tools Used
2.1 SMTP Protocol
2.2 Hardware Tools
3 Proposed System Design
3.1 Working Methodology of the Proposed System
4 Programming Methodology
5 Results and Observation
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Design of an IoT-Based System for Prefailure Deformation Monitoring of Riverbank Landslides in Mekong Delta
1 Introduction
2 System Design
2.1 Structure of the Sensor Nodes
2.2 Cloud Server
3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Software-Defined Storage Performance Testing Using Mininet
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Emulation Scenario
4 Emulation Setting
4.1 Emulation Environment Specifications
5 Emulation Results
6 Conclusion and Future Scope
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Future Scope
References
High Gain Voltage Lift-Based Interleaved Cascaded Boost DC-DC Converter
1 Introduction
2 Circuit Analysis of the Proposed Converter
3 Operating Principle of Proposed Converter
4 Proposed Converter Steady-State Analysis
4.1 Voltage Gain (G)
4.2 Ratings of Diodes
4.3 Ratings of the Switches
5 Simulated Results Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Modelling and Simulation of DC-DC Converters for PEM Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of Fuel Cell
3 Modelling of DC-DC Converters
3.1 Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC)
3.2 Self-lift SEPIC Converter
4 Inverter, Motor and Motor Control Design
4.1 Modelling of Inverter
4.2 BLDC Motor and Control
5 Simulation Results
6 Conclusion
References
Feasibility Assessment of All-in-One Portable Measurement Device for Home-Based Remote Vital Sign Monitoring
1 Introduction
2 Material and Method
2.1 PVS Primary Care Cloud Platform
2.2 Part 1 PVS Calibration
2.3 Part 2 Mild Symptom Patient Self-assessment
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Part 1 PVS Calibration
3.2 Part 2 Mild Symptom Patient Self-assessment
3.3 Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Enhanced Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Graphene Oxide as an HTL: A Simulation Analysis Using SCAPS-1D
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of Perovskite Solar Cell
3 Simulation of the Device
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Effect of Perovskite Layer Thickness
4.2 Effect of Perovskite Layer Doping
4.3 Effect of TCO Layer Thickness
4.4 Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Doping
5 Conclusion
References
Design and Analysis of 10-nm FD-SOI FinFET by Dual-Dielectric Spacers for High-Speed Switching
1 Introduction
2 Structure and Simulation Framework of the Device
2.1 Single Dielectric Spacers and Simulation Results
2.2 Dual-k Spacers with Device Structure and Simulation Results
2.3 Doping Concentration
3 Simulation Results of Single- and Dual-Dielectric Spacer Devices
4 Conclusion
References
Study of Effect of Nd Substitution on Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Iron Titanate
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
3 Analysis of Experimental Results
3.1 XRD and Morphological Analysis
3.2 Dielectric Analysis
3.3 Impedance Analysis
3.4 AC Conductivity
4 Conclusion
References
Initiation, Innovation, Implementation and Integration of CBDC in Digital Virtual Payment Systems
1 Introduction
2 Background Information
2.1 Blockchain
2.2 Different Forms of Digital Currency
2.3 Difference Between Regular Online Payments and CBDC
3 Proposed 4i Stage Model of CBDC
3.1 Initiation of CBDC
3.2 Innovations of CBDC
3.3 Implementation of CBDC
4 Integration of CBDC
5 Conclusion
References
Software Development Effort Estimation Using UML Activity Models with Regression Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Relevant Work
3 Proposed Approach
3.1 Dataset
3.2 Regression Models
3.3 Performance Metrics
4 Environment Setup
5 Results Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
An IoT-Based Intelligent Smart Parking System with Effective Communication System
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Design Methodologies
3.2 Connections
3.3 System Architecture Diagram
3.4 Hardware Requirements
3.5 Software Requirements
4 Results and Findings
4.1 Stepwise Description of Implementation
4.2 Results
4.3 Observations from the Work
5 Conclusion and Future Scope
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Future Study
References
Smart Pregnancy Watch with Location-Based Emergency Messaging, a Comprehensive Solution for Maternal Health Care
1 About Smart Band
2 Survey for Pregnancy in Women
3 Problems Identified
3.1 Discussion About the Problem
3.2 Emergency Message Sending
3.3 Location Tracking
3.4 Baby Safety
4 Hardware Components
5 Design and Implementation
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
ANN Enabled Obstacle Avoiding Automated Car
1 Introduction
2 Scope
3 Overview
4 Related Work
5 Existing System
6 Proposed System
7 Problem Statement
8 Methodology
8.1 Circuit Diagram
8.2 Algorithm
8.3 Data Flow Diagram
8.4 Pseudo-code
9 Overview of Technology
9.1 Arduino UNO
9.2 Ultrasonic Sensor
9.3 TT Gear Set and Wheels
9.4 Motor Driver Shield
9.5 18,650 Li-Ion Battery
9.6 Servo Motor
10 Results and Discussion
11 Conclusion
12 Future Enhancement
References
Enhanced Security of IoT Devices Using AI Approach
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Security Attacks in IoT
3.1 Types of Attacks
4 Machine Learning Techniques
4.1 Support Vector Machine
4.2 The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithm
4.3 Random Forest (RF)
4.4 Association Rule (AR)
4.5 Decision Tree
4.6 Attack on Surveillance Camera
4.7 Role of ML in IoT
5 Methodology
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Automatic Screw Jack Mobile Controller for Car Lifting Using the Car Battery
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 System Design
4 Proposed System
5 Implementation Procedure
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
IOT-Based Conditioning Monitor System for Mining Applications
1 Introduction
2 Block Diagram
3 Safety Helmet
4 Arduino Uno Board
5 Light Dependent Resistor
6 Buzzer
7 MQ2 Gas Sensor
8 Humidity Sensor
9 Temperature Sensor
10 Fire Sensor
11 Nano-1 Transmitter
12 Nano-2 Transmitter and Receiver
13 Battery
14 Conclusion
References
Energy Conservation with Intelligent Greenhouse Automation
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 System Architecture
3.1 Materials Used
3.2 Environment Setup
3.3 Circuit Diagram
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Blynk-Enabled Irrigation Monitoring System: Enhancing Irrigation Efficiency with IoT Technology
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Experimental Setup
3.2 Hardware Requirements
3.3 Soil Nutrient Analysis
3.4 Data Storage and Visualization
3.5 Real-Time Irrigation Monitoring
3.6 Blynk Application Interface
4 Conclusion
References
Cyber Physical System Centred Protective Laboratory for Industries
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
3 Literature Survey
4 Methodology
5 Telegram Bots
5.1 Arduino-Installation
6 Experimental Results
7 Conclusion
References
Smart Underground Cable Fault Detection System
1 Introduction
2 Block Diagram, Description, and Working
2.1 Operation
3 Design
3.1 Hardware Design
3.2 LCD Module
3.3 Resistor
3.4 Software Design
4 Results
4.1 Analytical Results
5 Advantages and Applications
5.1 Advantages
5.2 Applications
6 Conclusion
7 Future Scope
References
PenBOT-Make Transcribing Easy with an AI Scribe
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Flowchart
3.1 Working
3.2 Software Requirements
4 Results of Work
5 Conclusions
References
Landmine Detection Robotic Vehicle with GPS Positioning Using STM32
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Components and Description
3.1 STM32 Controller
3.2 Metal Detector
3.3 Servo Motor
3.4 Ultrasonic Sensor
3.5 L293D Module Driver
3.6 GSM Module
3.7 GPS Module
4 Working
5 Result
6 Conclusion
References
LoRa-Enabled Irrigation Automation System: A Sustainable Invention for Smart Agriculture
1 Introduction
1.1 A Subsection Sample
2 Background
2.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
2.2 Raspberry Pi
2.3 Long Range (LoRa)
2.4 Sensors
3 Related Work
4 Experimental Setup
5 Preliminaries
5.1 System Architecture
5.2 Utilization of Solar Power
6 Workflow
6.1 Algorithm
6.2 Working Mechanism
7 Results
8 Conclusion
References
Multi-tasking Robot Using Microcontroller for Agriculture
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Methodology and Implementation
3.1 Seed Sowing
3.2 Vehicle Driving Mechanism
3.3 Water Pumping
4 Results and Conclusion
References
C1 Analysis on Driver Drowsiness and Attention Aider System
1 Introduction
2 Methodologies
2.1 Computer Vision (OpenCV)
2.2 Deep Learning
2.3 Keras
2.4 Haar Cascade Algorithm
2.5 TensorFlow
3 Steps for Implementation
4 Experiment Instances
5 Output
6 Conclusion
References
Consistent Approach for Endowing the Ability of the Server in Rectilinear Haze Grid
1 Introduction
2 Energy Consumption Models
2.1 Linear Models
2.2 Nonlinear Models
3 Optimization of Linear Models
3.1 Example 1
3.2 Example2
3.3 Example3
3.4 Example4
4 Conclusion
References
Enhancing Privacy and Security in IoT-Based Health Monitoring Systems Using Distributed Ledger Technology
1 Introduction
1.1 Generalization of Blockchain Technology
2 Literature Review
3 Importance of Blockchain in Medical-IoT
4 Proposed Implementation
5 Evaluation Parameters
6 Results
6.1 Demographics and SUS Score
6.2 Questionnaire Study
6.3 Various Metrics
7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Technique for Optimizing Encryption Algorithms in Edge Computing for Smart Hospital
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Edge Computing for Smart Hospital
2.2 Technique for Optimizing Encryption Algorithms in Edge Computing
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
A Comprehensive Microservice Approach to Cross-platform Inventory Management Systems
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Work
3.1 Authentication Microservice
3.2 Inventory Microservice
3.3 Cart Microservice
3.4 Billing Microservice
4 Conclusions
References
Reviewing the Role of IT in Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of a Building Envelope: A Bibliometric Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Data and Methods
2.1 Research Data Collection Techniques
2.2 Features of Data Collection
3 Articles, Sources, Authors, Institutions, and Nations with the Highest Production and Dominance
3.1 The Dominant and Most Productive Analysis of Article Citation
3.2 Source-Citation Analysis with the Highest Productivity and Predominance
3.3 Citation Analysis of the Most Productive and Dominant Organisations
3.4 Analysis of Country-Citation - Most Prominent and Prolific
4 Analysis of content and Co-occurring Keywords
4.1 Analysis of Co-occurrence Author-Keywords:
4.2 Index-Keyword Co-occurrence Analysis for Building Envelope Energy Efficiency
4.3 VOSviewer Text-Data Analysis on Building Envelope Energy Efficiency with IT
4.4 Three-Field Plots of Biblioshiny: Evaluating Energy Efficiency Through Building Envelope with IT
5 Thematic Areas and Research Hotspots
5.1 Energy Efficiency in Building Envelope from 2007 to 2022
5.2 Identification of Gaps and Areas of Future Research
5.3 The Review's Managerial Research
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Survelliance of Hydroponics System Using MQTT App
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 The NFT Hydroponic System
4 Implementation of Hydroponic System
5 Integrating Hardware Kit with Hydroponic System
6 Connecting to MQTT App from ESP8266
7 Observations and Results
8 Conclusion
References
A Study of Cybersecurity in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
1 Introduction
2 Encryption Techniques for Data Security
3 Attack Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques
4 Deep Learning-Based Attack Detection Techniques
5 Deep Learning-Based Attack Detection Techniques
6 Conclusion
References
Solar Power Prediction Using Soft Voting Based Ensemble Machine Learning Classifier
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 The Proposed Hybrid ML Model
3.1 Ensemble Model Architecture
3.2 Ensemble Model Implementation
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
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Advances in Microelectronics, Embedded Systems and IoT

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