
Agile Auditing
Description
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Agile Auditing: Fundamentals and Applications introduces readers to the applications and techniques unlocked by tested and proven agile project management principles. This book educates readers on an approach to auditing that emphasizes risk-based auditing, collaboration, and speedy delivery of meaningful assurance assessments while ensuring quality results and a focus on the areas that pose the greatest material risks to the business under audit.
The discipline of auditing has been forever changed via the introduction of new technologies, including:
* Machine learning
* Virtual Conferencing
* Process automation
* Data analytics
Hugely popular in software development, the agile approach is just making its way into the field of audit. This book provides concrete examples and practical solutions for auditors who seek to implement agile techniques and methods.
Agile Auditing is perfect for educators, practitioners, and students in the auditing field who are looking for ways to introduce greater levels of efficiency and effectiveness to their discipline.
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Persons
RAVEN CATLIN is a veteran audit practitioner and Founder and CEO of Raven Global Training, an organization that provides custom training to business professionals in internal audit, internal controls, risk management, data analytics, and governance. As a member of the Institute of Internal Auditors and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, she advocates for continual improvement in audit practices.
CECILIANA WATKINS is Founder and CEO of Team Oriented Solutions and a trainer in risk management, internal audit, and Agile project management. She previously served as an online course facilitator for Boston University, a trainer and facilitator for Raven Global Training, and the internal audit division manager for a large state government agency.
Content
Tables and Figures
Foreword
Preface
About the Authors
Raven Catlin
Ceciliana Watkins
Acknowledgments
Introduction
List of Acronyms
Part I: Building an Understanding of Agile and Auditing
Chapter 1 What Is Agile?
Agile Is a Framework
Definitions of Agile
The Agile Manifesto
Agile Frameworks
Scrum Framework
Scrum/Agile Roles
Scrum Artifacts
Scrum Activities (Scrum Events)
Recipe: Explaining the Concept
Nuggets
Chapter 2 What Is Audit?
Defining Audit
Types of Audits
Internal Audits
Government Audits
External Audits
Audit Customers
Knowledge Areas for Auditors
Governance
Risk
Control
Finance/Accounting
Technology
Compliance
Skills for Auditors
Audit Project Life Cycle
Phase 1: Initiation/Starting the Project
Phase 2: Planning/Organizing and Preparing
Phase 3: Execution/Carrying Out the Work
Phase 4: Closeout/Completing the Project
Traditional, Waterfall Audit Process: A Real-Life View of the Problems
Identifying, Assessing, and Responding to Delivery Risks
Recipe: Building Auditor Knowledge and Skills
Nuggets
Chapter 3 Traditional Audit Processes and Practices
Audit Jargon
Traditional Entity-Level Audit Planning
Traditional Audit Engagement Planning
Traditional Audit Engagement Fieldwork
Traditional Audit Engagement Reporting
Nuggets
Chapter 4 What Is Agile Audit?
The Journey of Agile Auditing
What Is Agile Auditing?
Overview of the Agile Audit Process
Skills for Agile Auditors
Nuggets
Chapter 5 Why Agile Audit?
Avoid the Jurassic Auditor
What's Your Why?
Who Is Using Agile Auditing?
Starting Your Agile Auditing Change Transformation
Agile Audit Frameworks
What Are the Benefits of Agile Auditing?
Can Agile Auditing Help Me Solve Problems in the Audit Process?
Nuggets
Chapter 6 Creating the Agile Mindset
What Is an Agile Mindset?
Build a Passion for Being Agile
Start with Auditor Self-Assessments
Do I Need to Call It Agile Auditing?
Recipe: Getting Auditor Buy-In
Nuggets
Part II: Implementing Agile Auditing
Chapter 7 Implementing Agile Auditing: Deciding Your Approach and Your Agile Audit Project Roles
Choosing Your Implementation Strategy
Full Agile Strategy
Pilot Agile Strategy
Agile Lite Strategy
Dealing with Titles
Product Owner
Scrum Master
Delivery Team Members (Developers)
Dealing with People Challenges
Nuggets
Chapter 8 Implementing Agile Auditing: The Audit Planning Process
Nontraditional Audit Planning (Agile Audit Planning)
Dynamic Risk Assessments and Audit Planning
Data-Driven Risk Assessments and Audit Planning
Risk Universe Prioritizations and Audit Planning
Product Backlog
User Story
Epic
Recipe
Nuggets
Chapter 9 Implementing Agile Auditing: Planning Agile Audit Engagements
Planning Agile Audit Resources
Agile Audit Planning Steps
Step 1: Hold the Sprint Planning Meeting
Step 2: Agree on the Definition of Done
Step 3: Agree on the Definition of Ready
Step 4: Determine Your Project Tasks and Create Your Taskboard/Sprint Backlog
Step 5: Prepare the Project Canvas and Other Planning Documents
Agile Jargon
Using Agile Auditing to Solve Engagement Planning Problems
Poor Time Budgets/Estimates to Complete Audits
Nuggets
Chapter 10 Implementing Agile Auditing: Executing the Agile Audit
Testing with the Audit Client
Workpaper Documentation in an Agile Audit Environment
Managing Scope Creep
Audit Findings
Using Agile Auditing to Solve Engagement Execution Problems
Nuggets
Chapter 11 Implementing Agile Auditing: Communicating Agile Audit Results
Report Writing
Daily Meetings to Communicate "Bugs," Deficiencies, and Findings
Sprint Review
Do I Still Need a Report?
Sprint Retrospective
Using Agile Auditing to Solve Engagement Communication and Reporting Problems
Nuggets
Part III: Special Considerations
Chapter 12 Agile Auditing in the "New Normal" Environment (Remote Auditing)
The New Normal
Existing Technologies
Virtual Conferencing
Data Analytics (DA)
New Technologies and Agile Audit
Robotics Desktop Applications, Robotics Process Automation, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence
Issues to Consider When Implementing These Technologies
How Are These Technologies Affecting Audit, and How Can We Use Them to Become More Agile?
Recipe for Starting DA
Nuggets
Chapter 13 Lean and Agile Auditing
What Is Lean?
Eliminating Waste Using Agile Auditing
Nuggets
Chapter 14 Exploring Kanban Agile Auditing
What Is Kanban?
When Can I Use Kanban?
Kanban Principles Applied to Agile Auditing
Managing Workflow, the Kanban Way
Nuggets
Chapter 15 Merging Risk-Based Auditing and Integrated Auditing with Agile Auditing
Stop Creating Kitchen Sink Audits!
What Is Risk-Based Auditing (RBA)?
Extreme Risk-Based Auditing
Can I Still Complete Integrated Audits in Agile Auditing?
Nuggets 152
Chapter 16 Building the Auditor Toolbelt and Self-Managing Agile Audit Teams
Agile Auditing as a Tool
Skills Needed to Be an Agile Auditor
Becoming an Integrated Auditor in an Agile Audit World
Using Scrum Values to Create Self-Managing Agile Audit Teams
Benefits of Dealing with Self-Managing Teams
Cautions of Dealing with Self-Managing Teams
Nuggets
Chapter 17 Preparing Your Organization for Agile Auditing/Creating the Agile Culture
What Is Culture?
Changing Others' Perception of Auditors
Participatory Auditing
Influencing a Culture That Supports Agile Auditing
The Influence of the Grateful Agile Leader
What Do You Want for the Other Person?
What Do You Want for Yourself?
What Do You Want for Your Relationship with the Other Person?
Ideal Conditions for Agile Auditing
Nuggets
Chapter 18 Passing Your Quality Assessment Review in an Agile Audit Environment
Government Auditors
Internal Auditors
External Auditors
Agile Auditing and Your QAR
Audit Independence and Objectivity: Working with People over Processes and Tools
Audit Planning: Doing What's Right and Adding Value over Following a Preset Inflexible Plan
Audit Documentation: Providing Relevant and Timely Insights over Extensive Audit Documentation
Audit Report and Supervision: Client Collaboration and Relationship Building over Audit Report Negotiation
Nuggets
Chapter 19 Nuggets for Agile Audit Success
Appendix A Glossary of Terms
Appendix B Product Backlog Template
Appendix C Agile Audit Example
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors
RAVEN CATLIN
Raven is an expert in the auditing field and a globally recognized speaker and instructor in risk management and internal audit. Raven possesses over 23 years of diverse audit experience and 19 years of instructing and facilitating a variety of courses. She loves the sciences, especially chemistry and biology, and started her secondary education at 16 years old with dreams of becoming a neurosurgeon. In her freshman year at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, Raven realized that the medical field wasn't for her and changed her major to Accounting. She joined Beta Alpha Psi, took an overload of classes to catch up to the other accounting sophomores, and hasn't looked back. Like most accounting majors, she was groomed to sit for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam and work for a big accounting firm. Unlike most, after graduating in 1997, she found her way into internal auditing after working as an accounting manager for a small manufacturing company whose number-one client was Philip Morris. The president of the manufacturing company helped Raven secure an interview with Philip Morris to launch a fantastic career in internal auditing.
Raven performed reviews and audits of not-for-profit entities, philanthropic organizations, mutual funds, general banking operations, trust operations, mortgages, real estate lending, construction activities, benefits, compensation, payroll, procurement activities, accounting operations, marketing, governance, information technology, treasury management, cash management, derivatives, secondary marketing, and debt issuance, to name a few. Her industry expertise and audit experience include mortgage operations, mortgage-backed securities, capital markets, human resources, and shared services.
She worked for NationsBank in Charlotte, North Carolina, and served as an audit consultant through the merger with Bank of America in Phoenix, Arizona. She served as an integral member of the financial restatement team for Freddie Mac in Fairfax, Virginia, where she currently resides. Additionally, she created project plans and coordinated over 150 individuals responsible for correcting security pricing as part of the Fannie Mae financial restatement. Raven performed a business process analysis and redesign (using Six Sigma and Lean) at the World Bank/International Finance Corporation and led an entity-wide Fraud Risk Assessment for a regional bank and trust company. She developed and redesigned the auditing infrastructure for internal audit functions, including developing internal audit policies and procedures, implementing audit software, designing reporting and time management templates, designing audit committee packages, and implementing databases to report and track the progress of audit concerns.
Raven embraces the definition of internal auditing as a value-added service and views all forms of auditing as being helpful to the success of an organization. Organizations in all industries have welcomed her fresh approach to auditing. The Agile audit approach explained in this book incorporates Raven's knowledge, experience, views, and people skills to form a fresh perspective to Agile auditing that auditors will find a great tool to add to their own audit toolbelt. In addition to maintaining her CPA license, she proudly displays her dedication to the audit profession by maintaining a Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), a Certified Financial Services Auditor (CFSA), and Certification in Risk Management Assurance (CRMA) designations.
Raven is the founder and CEO of Raven Global Training, LLC, a provider of in-house, virtual, and on-site audit, risk management, and interpersonal skills training to corporations, governments, not-for-profits, and associations. Raven began sharing her knowledge of and love for the audit profession in 2001 when The Institute of Internal Auditors selected her as a course facilitator. Moreover, Raven has been developing, instructing, and facilitating courses, including Agile auditing, worldwide since 2006 exclusively through Raven Global Training, LLC.
Raven is the proud mother of an 11-year-old aspiring actress, Carmen, two ferrets, two horses, one hedgehog, and an adorable Maltese, Pepper Sugar Spice. In her spare time, she enjoys cooking, island hopping, creating and tending a productive, though at times struggling, vegetable garden (a COVID-19 inspired hobby), rollerblading, bicycling, horseback riding, world-traveling, and tapping into her inner child at amusement parks (especially Walt Disney World). Her greatest joys are spending time with her family, making memories, and sharing knowledge with anyone who will listen.
CECILIANA WATKINS
Ceciliana (also known as Cecilia) has over 25 years of knowledge, leading multiple projects and performing a variety of audits from sales and use tax to internal audits including compliance, operational, and performance. Ceciliana's proficiency in internal audit and risk management involves directing, leading, and performing a wide range of audit, consulting, and advisory services. She helped her organization with governance, risk, and compliance by providing value-added solutions to complex business processes and systems. She retired from state service having last served as the manager for the internal audit division for a state government agency that employed over 4,800 staff. She incorporates her hands-on experience in risk management and government audit with her life experiences to help clients forge logical solutions to daily problems. She thrives on exploring opportunities to increase process efficiency and constantly looks for innovative and creative strategies to lead others in conducting effective audits better and faster. She is fully dedicated to the principle of continuous improvement, as shown through her obsession with nonfiction books, specifically on auditing and anything related to auditing including risk management and data analytics.
In addition to being the first facilitator to expand the Raven Global Training, LLC, instructor team in 2015, she has also been a faculty member in Boston University's Administrative Sciences department, where she has served as a course facilitator for the online Business Master's program, including the Business Analytics Foundation course.
As the project manager for her agency's enterprise risk management (ERM) initiative, she facilitated creation, development, and implementation of their risk assessment methodologies. Moreover, she successfully reengineered the internal audit program using the Agile auditing approach by identifying, evaluating, and implementing changes to each step in the audit life cycle, standardizing audit templates, and developing and documenting policies and procedures, which culminated in a comprehensive audit manual. The Agile audit reengineering project resulted in greater efficiencies in audit performance, increased productivity, and improved quality and timeliness of audits using a risk-focused Lean audit approach. This approach also provided the flexibility to adapt each audit as needed. Many mistakes were made through the project. However, the lessons learned have been invaluable to the development of the Agile audit framework.
Ceciliana graduated with her Master of Science in Business Continuity, Security, and Risk Management (receiving the "Excellence in Graduate Studies" honor) from Boston University in May 2016, and her BSBA in Accounting from California Polytechnic State University in 1992. She also holds a Graduate Certificate in Risk Management and Business Continuity from Boston University and a Master's Certificate in Applied Project Management from Villanova University. Ceciliana is a Certified Project Management Professional (PMP), a Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), a Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), a Certified Government Audit Professional (CGAP), a Certification in Risk Management Assurance (CRMA), and holds a Certificate as a Scrum Team Member (endorsed by Scrum Inc. and Dr. Jeff Sutherland, co-creator of Scrum).
Ceciliana is married to the love of her life, Pheary, and lives near Sacramento, California. She enjoys surfing, paddleboarding, reading, cooking, dancing, gardening, and landscaping. She is a salsa master and a Zumba dance aficionada. Ceciliana constantly applies her knowledge of project management, risk management, auditing, and Agile frameworks to her everyday life - take, for example, one of her largest landscaping projects, which was laying over 10,000 pounds of custom-built concrete pavers in preparation for her terrific child, Helm, and wonderful daughter-in-love, Nikkole (yes, "daughter-in-love," as their relationship is much more than what is required by law). This entire project was completed in just under two months using the Agile methodology. The Agile team was a crew of six family members - all part of the wedding party! They made use of a Scrum Board with the headings "Backlog," "To Do," "In Process," "Verified," and "Done." Each Team Member signed up for different user stories in the Backlog (tasks), and proceeded to go from To-Do to Done (Done = Ta-Dah!). Ceciliana's greatest joys are also spending time with her family, learning new concepts and skills, experimenting with new techniques (including raising chickens and worms), and sharing her newly attained knowledge with everyone she can.
Finally, Ceciliana is the founder and CEO of Team Oriented Solutions, an...
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