Above and Beyond the Segments

Name: Above and Beyond the Segments | Experimental linguistics and phonetics
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Experimental linguistics and phonetics

Johanneke Caspers Yiya Chen Willemijn Heeren Jos Pacilly Niels O. Schiller Ellen van Zanten(Editor)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1st Edition

Published on 10. December 2014

XII, 363 pages

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978-90-272-6906-5 (ISBN)

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Above and Beyond the Segments
Title page
LCC data
Dedication page
Table of contents
Foreword
Tone and stress in North-West Indo-Aryan: A survey
Introduction
Hindi-Urdu
Punjabi-type tone languages
Shina-type languages
Kalami-type languages
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Whose voice is that? Challenges in forensic phonetics
1. Introduction: Methodology in forensic speaker recognition (FSR)
2. The domain of phonetics
3. The relevance of voice and voice quality
4. Voice recognition in the human brain
5. The challenge
6. "Blind grouping"
6.1 Set-up of blind grouping
6.2 Discussion of blind grouping
7. Conclusion
Final note
References
Appendix
Pitch accent placement in Dutch as a second language: An exploratory investigation
Introduction
Background
Plastic versus non-plastic accentuation
The relevance of appropriate pitch accent locations for speech processing
Non-native prosody: Accentuation in L2 speech
Research question and approach
L2 Speakers
Labeling procedure
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
The problems of adverbs in Zulu
1. Introduction
Preliminaries
Focus and IAV
Conjoint-disjoint verb forms
Relative clauses (Cheng & Downing, 2007)
2. Adverbs in neutral contexts
Single adverb
Multiple adverbs
Ordering between the adverbs
3. Prosodic phrasing in Zulu
4. Focus and adverbs
The syntax of IAV
The conjoint-disjoint distinction
5. Towards an analysis
Adverbs following conjoint verbs
Non-focused adverbs
Focused adverbs
6. Conclusion
References
Meaningful grammar is binary, local, anti-symmetric, recursive and incomplete
1. Introduction
2. The mean machine runs on grammar
3. Binarity, locality and anti-symmetry converge in meaningful analysis
3.1 Binarity computes discontinuity and complexity
3.2 Locality favours conservation of information
3.3 Anti-symmetry accounts for semantic composition
3.4 Binarity, Locality and Anti-symmetry are independent
4. Grammar is recursive and of course incomplete
4.1 Recursion stands for computable meaning
4.2 Grammar is incomplete in its own way
5. Grammar is not language but knowledge of language
Acknowledgements
References
How prosody is both mandatory and optional
Introduction
The case of lexical stress
The case of focal accent
Prosody - a separate dimension?
Acknowledgements
References
No stress typology
Introduction
Merger, and a sneak preview
On the absence of stress in Austronesian languages
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
The effect of pause insertion on the intelligibility of Danish among Swedes
1. Introduction
2. Research on the effects of pause insertion on the intelligibility of low-quality speech
3. Danish
4. Method and materials
4.1 Sentences
4.2 Recordings
4.3 Subjects
4.4 Experiment
4.5 Analysis
5. Results
6. Conclusions and discussion
References
Intonation, bias and Greek NPIs: A perception experiment
Introduction
Experiment
Stimulus material
Subjects
Procedure
Results
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Information status and L2 prosody: A study of reference maintenance in Chinese learners of Dutch
Introduction
A three-way distinction in information status
Intonation and information status in Dutch
L2 intonation and information status
L2 intonation and language proficiency
The goals of the current study
Method
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Phonetic analysis
Results
Native speakers of Chinese
Duration
Pitch
Chinese learners of Dutch
Intermediate Chinese learners of Dutch
Advanced Chinese learners of Dutch
Discussion and concluding remarks
Future research
Acknowledgements
References
Does boundary tone production in whispered speech depend on its bearer? Exploring a case of tonal crowding in whisper
Introduction
Method
Materials
Participants and procedure
Annotation, data extraction and analysis
Results
Relative vowel duration
Intensity
Formant frequencies and levels
Normalized spectral energy within bands, and centre of gravity
General discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix
The primacy of the weak in Carib prosody
1. Iambs and trochees
2. Rhythmic regularities and the location of accent-lending pitch movements
Prosodic rules that refer to phonology and grammar
3. Pitch movement occurring predominantly outside the first foot
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
The effects of age and level of education on the ability of adult native speakers of Dutch to segment speech into words
Introduction
Method
Participants
Tasks and materials
Segmentation
The Count Task
The Dictation Task
Stimulus materials
Control tasks
Data handling and statistical analyses
Results
Dictation Task (response accuracy)
Count Task (response accuracy)
Count Task (speed)
Analyses of errors in the Dictation Task
Correlations within and between tasks
Discussion
Summary of the findings
Interpretation of the findings
Acknowledgement
References
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Doing grammatical semantics as if it were phonetics
1. A chemical introduction
2. Referential distance and referential processes in the Dutch demonstrative adjectives
3. The Dutch verb-stem imperative and the infinitivus pro imperativo
4. Closing remarks
Acknowledgement
References
Phonetic aspects of polar questions in Sienese: An experimental approach
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. The experiment
3.1 Analysis
3.1.1 Results
3.2 Statistical processing of the data
3.2.1 Presence of a pause
3.2.2 Duration of the ISI
3.2.3 Duration, mean intensity and peak intensity of che and fare
3.3 Discriminant function analysis
3.3.1 Discriminant function analysis 1
3.3.2 Discriminant function analysis 2
3.3.3 Discriminant function analysis 3
3.3.4 Discriminant function analysis 4
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Etymological sub-lexicons constrain the graphematic solution space
1. Introduction
2. The recoding model of graphematics
3. The subset view on sub-lexicons
4. Vocabulary levels defined on the basis of linguistic filters
5. More than two vocabulary levels
6. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Do speakers try to distract attention from their speech errors? The prosody of self-repairs
Introduction
Materials
Acoustic study
Measurements
Results
Duration
Maximum pitch
Average pitch
Maximum intensity
Average intensity
Spectral slope
Offset-to-repair time
Summary of the acoustic measurements
A listening experiment
Stimuli
Participants
Procedure
Results
Binary response
Response times
Summary of the listening experiment
Discussion
References
Field notes from a phonetician on Tundra Yukaghir orthography
1. Introduction
2. Phoneme /ö/
3. Short vowels vs. long vowels vs. diphthongs
4. TY Orthography
Acknowledgement
References
Cross-regional differences in the perception of fricative devoicing
Introduction
Method
Listeners
Stimuli
Source recordings
The /vi/-/fi/ continuum
Manipulation
Procedure
Hypotheses
Results
Perceptual patterns within regions
Regional variation in perceptual patterns
Degree of consistency
Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Evidence for three-level vowel length in Ageer Dinka
Introduction
Background on three-level vowel length in Dinka
Alternative hypothesis
Methods
Target words
Contexts
Speakers
Procedure
Processing and analysis
Results
Vowel duration
Coda duration
Vowel quality
Discussion and conclusion
Summary of main findings
Comparison with earlier findings
Acknowledgements
References
Phonetic accounts of timed responses in syllable monitoring experiments
Introduction
The experiment
Method
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Design
Results
Monitoring latencies
Discussion and conclusion
References
Appendix
The independent effects of prosodic structure and information status on tonal coarticulation: Evidence from Wenzhou Chinese
1. Introduction
1.1 Tonal coarticulation
1.2 Effects of prosodic structure on coarticulation
1.3 Effects of information status on tonal coarticulation
1.4 Current experimental design and hypotheses
2. Method
2.1 Materials
2.2 Subjects
2.3 Recording procedure
2.4 Data analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
The acoustics of English vowels in the speech of Dutch learners before and after pronunciation training
Introduction
Pronunciation as a specialised skill
English pronunciation in the Netherlands
Vowel pronunciation issues of Dutch learners
Research questions and operationalisation
Method
Overview
The speakers
Speech material
Acoustic measurements
Results
Changes in each vowel (Research question 1)
Effect of entry level (Research question 2)
Learning patterns for individual learners (Research question 3)
The success of the course (Research question 4)
Conclusion
Most striking results
Discussion
References
The use of Chinese dialects: Increasing or decreasing? Survey on the use of Chongqing dialect
Introduction
Data collection
Data analysis and results
The student sample
The non-student sample
The frequency of use in different situations
Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Durational effects of phrasal stress
1. Introduction
2. Two clear findings about the stretches of speech whose durations are affected by phrasal stress
2.1 Multiple syllables can be affected
2.2 The effect of phrasal stress on duration is influenced by constituent structure
3. What is the best way to describe the affected syllables?
3.1 The continuous domain hypothesis
3.1.1 Problems with the continuous domain hypothesis
3.2 The multiple (optional) site hypothesis
3.2.1 Prediction of the multiple site hypothesis: Durational effects at different sites should show different durational patterns on sub-syllabic constituents
3.2.2 Different priorities for different lengthening sites
3.2.3 Optional edge effects and inter-speaker variability
4. Discussion
4.1 Possible cross-linguistic differences
Acknowledgements
References
The laryngeal class in RcvP and voice phenomena in Dutch
1. Introduction
2. Radical CV Phonology
3. Phonation types
Features for phonation
A RcvP proposal for phonation
4. Government Phonology
5. Final Obstruent Devoicing (FOD)
6. Voicing assimilation
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Affricates in English as a natural class
1. Introduction
2. Affricates in English
3. Other evidence for affricates as a natural class
Pengo
Cimbrian German
4. Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Index

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Above and Beyond the Segments

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