Cambodia

Name: Cambodia | Diversifying Beyond Garments and Tourism
Brand: Asian Development Bank
Price: 5.49 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Diversifying Beyond Garments and Tourism

Asian Development Bank (Publisher)

Published on 1. November 2014

172 pages

E-Book

ePUB with Adobe-DRM

System requirements

978-92-9254-808-7 (ISBN)

€5.49incl. 7% vat

System requirements

for ePUB with Adobe-DRM

E-Book Single Licence

Available for download

Description

More details

Content

Cover
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Cambodia Fast Facts 2013
Executive Summary
1. Development Performance
1.1 Maximizing Natural Growth Opportunities
1.2 Economic Development Plans
1.3 Macroeconomic Performance
1.4 Economic Growth by Major Expenditure Component
1.5 Monetary Policy and Financial Sector Management
1.6 Fiscal Policy
1.7 Balance of Payments
1.8 Sources of Economic Growth, by Production Sector
1.9 Poverty and Inequality
2. Critical Constraints to Growth
2.1 Human Capital
2.2 Infrastructure
2.3 Macroeconomic Risks
2.4 Microeconomic Risks
2.5 Market Failures
2.6 Finance
2.7 Conclusion
3. Critical Constraints to Inclusiveness
3.1 Availability of Productive Employment Opportunities
3.2 Human Capabilities
3.3 Leveling the Playing Field
3.4 Social Safety Nets
3.5 Conclusion
4. Diversification and Upgrading
4.1 Patterns of Specialization and Diversification
4.2 Into Which Products Can Cambodia Diversify?
4.3 Policies for Diversification and Upgrading
4.4 Conclusion
Appendix 4.1: Product Sophistication, Revealed Comparative Advantage, and Proximity and Path
Appendix 4.2: Priority Export Products
5. Summary and Policy Recommendations
5.1 Human Capital and Access to Decent Employment
5.2 Infrastructure: Electricity, Rural Roads, and Rural Water and Sanitation
5.3 Governance
5.4 Fiscal Resources
5.5 The Way Forward and Special Challenge
References
BOXES, FIGURES, AND TABLES
BOXES
1.1 Managing Dedollarization
1.2 Socioeconomic Development Plans and GDP Growth
2.1 Growth Diagnostics Framework
4.1 Tariff Preferences Aid Diversification: Cambodia's Bicycle Industry
4.2 Institutional Mechanisms for Industrial Policy
4.3 Key Elements of the Rice Policy
FIGURES
1.1 Shares of Major Expenditure Components in GDP, 1995-2011 (%)
1.2 Contribution of Major Expenditure Components to GDP Growth, 1995-2011 (%)
1.3 Major Expenditure Components in Selected Asian Countries, 2000 and 2012 (% of GDP)
1.4 GDP Growth and Inflation, 2000-2013 (%)
1.5 Growth of Money Supply and Fiscal Balance, 2000-2013 (%)
1.6 GDP Growth and Change in the Exchange Rate, 2000-2012
1.7 Official and Market KR/$ Exchange Rates, 2006-2013
1.8 Domestic Credit Provided by Banks and Growth of Total Loans, 2005-2013
1.9 Health of the Banking Sector, 2006-2012 (%)
1.10 Nonperforming Loans, 2005-2013 (%)
1.11 Government Expenditure by Function, 2001-2013 (% of total)
1.12 Overall Fiscal Balance in Selected Asian Countries, 1995-2013 (% of GDP)
1.13 Fiscal Deficit Financing, 2002-2012 (% of GDP)
1.14 Net Exports, 2000-2013 ($ billion)
1.15 Balance of Payments, 1998-2012 (% of GDP)
1.16 Gross Reserves and Months of Import Coverage, 2005-2013 ($ billion)
1.17 Shares of Major Production Sectors in GDP, 1995-2013 (%)
1.18 Contribution to Total Output Growth by Major Production Sector, 1995-2013 (percentage points)
1.19 Agriculture Employment in Selected Asian Countries, 1998-2012 (% of total employment)
1.20 Agriculture Output and Employment Growth, 1995-2012 (%)
1.21 Agriculture Subsectors, 1995-2010 (% of total agriculture output)
1.22 Farming Subsector and Agriculture Growth, 1995-2010 (%)
1.23 Agriculture Value Added per Worker, 1995-2012 (constant 2005 $)
1.24 Cereal Yield, 1995-2013 (kilograms per hectare)
1.25 Agriculture Subsectors' Contribution to Agriculture Growth, 1995-2010 (%)
1.26 Output of Major Agriculture Products, 2000-2013 (tons)
1.27 Production of Fisheries Subsectors, 2000-2013
1.28 Growth of Agriculture and its Subsectors, 1995-2010 (%)
1.29 Industry's Shares of Total Output and Growth rate, 1995-2013 (%)
1.30 Industry Subsectors' Share of Total Industry Output, 1995-2013 (%)
1.31 Contribution of Subsectors to Industry Growth, 1995-2013 (%)
1.32 Contribution of Subsectors to Manufacturing Growth, 1995-2010, (%)
1.33 Exports of Garments, Textiles, and Footwear, 2001-2013 ($ billion)
1.34 Major Markets for Garments, Textiles, and Footwear Exports, 2001-2013 (% of $ value)
1.35 Exports by Commodity, 2002-2012 (% of $ value)
1.36 Services Subsectors' Contribution to Services Growth, 1995-2013 (%)
1.37 Tourism Industry, 1995-2013
1.38 Contribution of the Travel and Tourism Industry to Employment, 1995-2013
1.39 Total Annual Visitor Arrivals to Cambodia, 1995-2013 ('000 arrivals)
1.40 International Visitor Arrivals in ASEAN by Country Shares, 2000-2012 (%)
1.41 Visitor Arrivals in Cambodia, by Major Geographic Region, 2006-2013
1.42 Tourism Competitiveness Ranks of ASEAB Countries, 2008 and 2013
1.43 Elements of Cambodia's Tourism Competitiveness: Scores in 2008 and 2013
1.44 Competitiveness in Tourism Infrastructure
1.45 Poverty Rates, 2004 and 2009 (%)
1.46 Poverty Incidence by Province, 2009 (%)
1.47 Income Inequality in Selected Asian Countries, Latest Year Available (%)
1.48 Income Distribution by Quintile, 2004 and 2009
2.1 Social Return on Investment in ASEAN Countries, 1995-2013 (%)
2.2 Expenditure on Education, 1995-2013 (% of GDP)
2.3 Education Expenditure in Cambodia
2.4 Gross Enrollment Ratios in Preprimary Education, Selected ASEAN Countries, 2012 (%)
2.5 Repetition and Dropout Rates in Various Levels, SY2008/2009 and sy2012/2013 (%)
2.6 Repetition Rates at the Primary Level, Selected ASEAN Countries (%)
2.7 Number of Higher Education Institutes, 2001-2010
2.8 Education Level and Experience Required by Employers
2.9 Skills Gaps among Workers (%)
2.10 Global Competitiveness: Infrastructure Scores in Selected ASEAN Countries, 2013
2.11 Access to Electricity in Selected Asian Countries, 2011 (% of population)
2.12 Average Electricity Tariffs in ASEAN Countries (US cents/kWh)
2.13 Expenditure on Transport and Communications, 1995-2013
2.14 Road Maintenance Budget, 2007-2012 ($ million)
2.15 Passengers at Sihanoukville Port, 2001-2011 ('000)
2.16 Container Port Traffic, Southeast Asian Countries, 2007-2012 (TEU)
2.17 Freight and Passenger Train Services, 2000-2011
2.18 Passenger Volume, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap International Airports, 2005-2013 (million)
2.19 Quality of Air Transport: Scores of Selected ASEAN Countries, 2013
2.20 Fiscal Deficit, 1998-2013 (% of GDP)
2.21 Fiscal Deficit, Government Revenues and Expenditures: Selected ASEAN, 2013 (% of GDP)
2.22 Government Tax Revenue Sources, 2003-2012 (KR million)
2.23 Size of External Debt and Debt Service Ratio, 2001-2012
2.24 Governance Indicators in ASEAN Countries, 2012 (percentile ranking)
2.25 Most Problematic Factors for Business, 2008-2009 and 2013-2014
2.26 Control of Corruption in Southeast Asia, 1996-2012 (percentile rank)
2.27 Rule of Law in ASEAN Countries, 1996-2012 (percentile ranking)
2.28 Distance to Frontier, Doing Business 2008 and 2014 Reports
2.29 Gross Domestic Savings in Selected Asian Countries, 1995-2012 (% of GDP)
2.30 Savings and Investment, 1995-2012 (% of GDP)
2.31 Domestic Credit in Selected ASEAN Countries, 2000-2013 (% of gDP)
2.32 Interest Rate Spread in Selected ASEAN Countries, 2000-2012 (percentage points)
2.33 Deposit Rates in Selected ASEAN Countries, 2000-2012 (%)
2.34 Lending Rates in Selected ASEAN Countries, 2000-2013 (%)
3.1 Diagnostics Framework for Constraints to Reducing Poverty and Inequality
3.2 Labor Force Participation Rates, by Location and Sex, 2007-2013 (%)
3.3 Employment Status, by Location, 2007-2013 (%)
3.4 Informal Employment and underemployment, by Area, Sex, Age Group, and Education Level, 2013 (%)
3.5 Growth in GDP per Person Employed, 1990-2012 (constant 1990 PPP $ '000)
3.6 Share of Employment by Sector, 2007-2013 (%)
3.7 Employment by Sector and Province, 2013 (%)
3.8 Educational Attainment of People Aged 15 and Over, Employed and Unemployed, 2013 (%)
3.9 Adult Literacy Rates in Selected ASEAN Countries, Latest Year Available (%)
3.10 Net Enrollment Rates, 2006-2013 (%)
3.11 Net Enrollment Rates, by Province, 2013 (%)
3.12 Reasons for Not Attending School, 6-17 Years Old, 2009 and 2013 (%)
3.13 Reasons for Not Attending School, 6-17 Years Old, by Gender, 2013 (%)
3.14 Public Expenditure on Education in ASEAN Countries, Early 2000 and Latest Data (% of GDP)
3.15 Expenditure per Primary and Secondary Student in Selected Asian Countries, Early 2000 and Latest Data (% of GDP per capita)
3.16 Primary Schools without Water and Toilets, 2013 (% of schools)
3.17 Student-Teacher Ratios, 2013
3.18 Schools Not Providing a Full Curriculum, 2013 (%)
3.19 Leading Causes of Mortality in Cambodia, 2010 (per 100,000 people)
3.20 Nutritional Status of Children under 5 and Low Birth Weight Incidence, 2005-2010 (%)
3.21 Nutritional Status of Children in Selected Southeast Asian Countries, Latest Year (% of children under 5)
3.22 Prevalence of Undernourishment, 1990-2012 (% of population)
3.23 Physicians, Nurses, and Midwives, 2012 (per 1,000 people)
3.24 Household Health Expenditure, 2013 (%)
3.25 Percentage of the Population that Became Ill and Sought Consultation or Treatment, 2013
3.26 Health-Seeking Behavior for First Treatment of Illness, by Province and Health Care Provider (% of population that became ill)
3.27 Government Expenditure on Health, 1995-2012
3.28 Public Health Expenditure in ASEAN Countries, 1995 and 2013 (% of GDP)
3.29 Improved Water Source and Sanitation Facilities in ASEAN, 2012 (% with access)
3.30 Improved Water Source (Wet Season) and Sanitation Facilities, 2013 (%)
3.31 Access to Electricity, by Area, Province, and Income Quintile, 2013 (% of households)
3.32 Access to Telecommunications in Cambodia and the Rest of ASEAN, 2000-2013 (subscriptions per 100 people)
3.33 Access to Telecommunications, by Area, Province, and Income Quintile, 2013 (% of households)
3.34 Households Owning or Farming Land, 2013
3.35 Source of Land, by Major Geographic Domain and Income Quintile, 2013 (% of households)
3.36 Land with Access to Irrigation, 2013 (%)
3.37 Access to Loans, 2013 (% of households)
3.38 Household Loans by Source, 2013 (% of total number of loans)
3.39 Average Monthly Interest Rate on Loans to the Poorest Quintile, by Source of Loan, 2013 (%)
3.40 Coverage of the National Social Security Fund for Civil Servants, 2010
3.41 Total Expenditures on National Social Security Fund Benefits, 2007-2009 (KR billion)
4.1 Composition of Cambodia's Exports, 1990-2013 (%)
4.2 Index of Export Concentration in ASEAN Countries, 2013
4.3 Number of Products with Revealed Comparative Advantage, 1991-2013 (%)
4.4 Trend in Export Sophistication (EXPy), Selected ASEAN Countries, 1990-2013
4.5 Disaggregation of Cambodia's Exports by PRODY Group, 1990-2013 (% of total)
4.6 Disaggregation of Exports by PRODY Group, Selected ASEAN Countries, Average 2010-2013 (% of total)
4.7 Product Space: Cambodia and Viet Nam
4.8 Cambodia's Classic, Disappearing, Marginal, and Emerging Products
4.9 Cambodia's Product Space Map: Classic, Emerging, Disappearing, and Marginal Products
4.10 Unweighted Plots of Product Technological Sophistication (PRODY) against the Path, 2009-2011
4.11 Weighted Plots of Product Technological Sophistication (PRODY) against the Scope for Further Diversification, 2009-2011
B1.2 Gross Domestic Product Growth, 1996-2013 (%)
B2.1 Problem Tree of the Growth Diagnostics Framework
B4.1 Bicycle Exports, 2005-2013 ($ million)
B4.2 Leadership and Coordination: High-Level Body or Steering Committee
TABLES
1.1 Broad Indicators of Socioeconomic Growth, 1995-2013
1.2 Per Capita Income in Selected Asian Countries, 1995-2013
1.3 Construction Industry, 1995-2013 (%)
1.4 Production of Mineral Commodities, 2004-2011 (tons)
1.5 Manufacturing Subsectors, 1995-2010 (%)
1.6 Services Sector, 1995-2013 (%)
1.7 Poverty Rates, Selected Asian Countries, Latest Year
2.1 Overview of the Labor Market, 2004-2013
2.2 National Assessment of Learning Outcomes (average score)
2.3 Education Level and Pedagogical Training of Teachers
2.4 Global Competitiveness Report, 2013-2014 (rank among 148 countries)
2.5 Enrollment in Higher Education and TVET in Cambodia, 2004-2010
2.6 Higher Education Enrollment by Discipline, 2006-2009 (% of total)
2.7 Projected Demand for and Supply of Higher Education Graduates, 2009-2014 (total for the 6 years)
2.8 Skills Employers Find Lacking Most in Employees
2.9 Main Sources of Lighting by Geographical Domain, 2013 (% of households)
2.10 Cambodia's Electricity Sector, 2012
2.11 Installed Electricity Capacity and Generation, 2012
2.12 Hydropower Plants as of May 2013
2.13 Grid Systems
2.14 Length of Transmission and Distribution Lines, 2012 (km)
2.15 Electricité du Cambodge Tariffs as of 31 December 2012 (US cents/kWh)
2.16 Road Network, 2012
2.17 Road Transport Indicators, ASEAN Countries, Latest Year Available
2.18 Transport Burden in Selected Countries
2.19 Infrastructure at Sihanoukville Port
2.20 Cargo Throughput at Sihanoukville Port, 2005-2011
2.21 Major Infrastructure at Phnom Penh International Port
2.22 Cargo Throughput at Phnom Penh International Port, 2006-2011
2.23 Comparison of the Duration and Cost of Importing and Exporting, 2013
2.24 Paying Bribes in the Business Community, 2007 and 2012 (% of firms)
2.25 Overall Ease of Doing Business in ASEAN Countries, 2008 and 2014
2.26 Ease of Doing Business, Specific Measures, 2008 and 2014
2.27 Critical Constraints of Cambodia's Economy
3.1 People Who Never Attended School, by Age Group, 2013 (%)
3.2 Financing Plan for Scholarships for Poor and Disadvantaged Students, 2009 and 2013 (KR million)
3.3 Health Outcomes in Cambodia, 1990-2012
3.4 Nutritional Status of Children, 2010 (%)
3.5 Health Outcomes in ASEAN Countries, 2012
3.6 Sanitation Facilities, 2013 (% of households)
3.7 Social Protection Coverage, 2008-2010
3.8 Summary of Diagnosis of Constraints to Reducing Poverty and Inequality
4.1 Top Five Exports, 1990-2013 (% of total)
4.2 Destinations of Cambodia's Exports, 2007 and 2011
4.3 Industrial Policy Components: Mechanisms and Examples

System requirements

Save as PDF Copy link into clipboard

Schweitzer Fachinformationen

Cambodia

Description

More details

Content

System requirements