
Jeremiah Through the Centuries
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Explores the interpretive history of the Book of Jeremiah, and highlights its influence on various cultures through the centuries
Jeremiah Through the Centuries explores the reception history of this enigmatic prophet and his words. The book offers an introduction telling the story of the surprising ways in which both voice and persona of this elusive prophet were used in critical historical moments, as well as a complete chapter-by-chapter commentary that presents the significant historical effects of selected texts. The spiritual struggles of the faithful and critiques of philosophers and scientists are often presented in their own voices. The book offers original ideas about the effects of the "slipping figure of Jeremiah" on the developing idea of the self, shown in a wide range of liturgical, political, artistic, literary, and cultural contexts.
The book guides readers through various interpretations of Jeremiah's poetry and prose, discussing the profound influence that Jeremiah and Western culture have had on each other through the centuries. Significant texts from every chapter of Jeremiah are presented in a chronological narrative as both conversation and debate - enabling readers to encounter the prophet in the text of the Bible and in previous exegeses. Throughout the text, the receptions reflect historical contexts and highlight the ways they shaped specific receptions of Jeremiah. This book:
- Illustrates how the Book of Jeremiah was adapted by readers to face new challenges, both in the past and present
- Includes examples of Jeremiah in social satire, Islamic tradition, political debate, and religious controversy
- Provides a detailed introduction that traces Jeremiah's influence on events and traditions
- Offers insights into both celebrated texts and lesser-known passages that are relevant to contemporary readers
- Features numerous, previously unpublished illustrations demonstrating the influence of Jeremiah on traditions in Western art
Featuring engaging narrative and expert commentary, Jeremiah Through the Centuries is ideal for students, teachers, and general readers with interest in theology and biblical studies, Judaic studies, ancient literature, cultural criticism, reception history of the Bible, and the history of Western civilization.
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Mary Chilton Callaway is Associate Professor and Department Chair in the Theology Department at Fordham University, New York. She is the author of several published essays on the reception of Jeremiah, particularly in relation to developing ideas of the self in early modern Europe.
Content
List of Illustrations xiii
Series Editors' Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Testimonia xxv
Jeremiah the Man xxv
The Book xxvii
Actualizations xxix
Introduction 1
Theory and Practice of Reception History 3
Jeremiah in Three Guises 4
Jeremiah in Antiquity 5
Medieval Jeremiahs 17
Early Modernity 24
Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 47
Practical Notes for Using the Commentary 64
Jeremiah 1 67
Word of the Lord or Words of Jeremiah? (Jer 1:1) 67
Jeremiah Before Birth (1:4-5) 69
A Prophet to the Nations (1:5) 77
Resisting God (1:6) 77
Filling Jeremiah's Mouth 81
The Job Description (1:10) 82
God's Pun (1:11-12) 84
What's Cooking? (1:13-16) 88
Jeremiah 2 93
God's Lawsuit (2:1-13) 94
Leaky Cisterns or Living Water? (2:12-13) 95
A Puzzling Verb Becomes a Word of Salvation (2:20) 98
Prophetic Pornography (2:20-25) 99
Jeremiah in the Synagogue (2:4-28) 101
Jeremiah 3 103
A Rare Allusion to God the Father (3:4,19) 103
Holy Forgetting (3:15-18) 105
3:24-25 106
Jeremiah 4 107
A Subversive Translation (4:1-2) 107
The Circumcised Heart (4:4) 108
Reading Metaphor (4:7) 109
Does God Deceive? (4:9-10) 110
Body and Soul (4:19-22) 110
Apocalypse Now (4:23-28) 112
Contradiction as Problem and Opportunity (4:27) 113
Dressing Down a Gussied-Up Female (4:29-31) 113
Jeremiah 5 115
Nothing Bad Will Happen to Us (5:12) 115
Divine Fire Consuming Human Wood (5:14) 116
An Appalling and Horrible Thing (5:30-31) 118
Contents ix
Jeremiah 6 119
Two Roads Diverged (6:16) 119
Buying Salvation (6:20) 120
Jeremiah as Fortress and/or Refiner (6:27) 120
Jeremiah 7 123
A Den of Thieves (7:1-15) 123
A Troubling Contradiction (7:21-24) 124
Jeremiah 8 127
Reading Jeremiah as Science (8:7) 127
The Balm of Gilead (8:22) 130
Jeremiah 9 135
A Fountain of Tears (9,1,18) 135
Internalizing the Prophet's Cry (9:2) 140
Death Climbs in the Windows (9:21) 141
Jeremiah 10 145
Superstition and Science (10:2-5) 145
Who Will Not Fear You? (10:7) 147
Wise Fools (10:12-16) 147
Humans Are Not Masters of Themselves (10:23-24) 149
Correct Me, O Lord (10:24) 151
Pour Out Thy Wrath (10:25) 151
Jeremiah 11 153
Let Us Put Wood in his Bread (11:19) 153
Jeremiah 12 157
A Lawsuit Against God (12:1-4) 157
Shameful Revenues (12:13) 160
Jeremiah 13 161
Jeremiah's Loincloth (13:1-11) 161
Jeremiah's Tears (13:17) 164
Unsettling Images (13: 22-27) 164
Jeremiah 14 167
The Inn and the Manger (14:7-9) 167
Jeremiah 15 169
Saints Alive (15:1) 169
Woe is Me, My Mother (15:10) 170
Changing Fashions in Prayer (15:15) 171
Is Jeremiah Blasphemous? (15:18) 172
A Divine Reprimand Reconsidered (15:19) 174
Jeremiah 16 177
Prophetic Celibacy (16:1-4) 177
Hunters and Fishers (16:16-18) 179
Jeremiah 17 181
Misplaced Trust (17:5) 181
Is the Human Heart Deep, or Depraved? (17:9-10) 182
The Partridge (17:11) 185
Jeremiah 18 187
The Surprise of Divine Freedom (18:1-12) 187
Jeremiah 19 193
Jeremiah Smashes a Jug 193
Jeremiah 20-21 197
Jeremiah in the Stocks (20:1-6) 197
Divine Deception (20:7) 199
Whose Violence and Destruction? (20:8) 207
A Reproach and a Derision (20:8) 207
A Burning Fire (20:9) 208
Do Saints Curse? (20:13-18) 212
Jeremiah 22 219
The Burial of an Ass (22:18-19) 219
Jeremiah and the Lost Ark (22:29) 220
Jeremiah 23 223
The Righteous Branch (23:5-6) 223
False Prophets (23:9-40) 226
Jeremiah 24 229
Two Baskets of Figs (24:1-10) 229
Jeremiah 25 231
The Cup of the Wine of Wrath (25:15-31) 232
Jeremiah 26-28 235
Jeremiah's Yoke (Jer 27:2; 28:1-17) 235
False Prophets 237
Jeremiah 29 239
Build and Plant (29:1-6) 240
Praying for the Enemy (29:7) 240
Seventy Years (29:10) 242
God's Inscrutable Plans (29:11) 244
Jeremiah as Contemporary Prophet (Jer 29:19) 245
Jeremiah 30-31 247
Hope in the Midst of Trauma (30:1-3) 247
Rachel Weeps in Every Century (31:15-17) 248
Gender-Bending (31:22) 250
The New Covenant (31:31-34) 252
Jeremiah 32-33 257
A Strange Real Estate Deal 257
Jeremiah 34 259
Taking Back the Gift of Freedom (34:8-22) 259
Jeremiah 35 261
Jeremiah 36 267
Free Will and Divine Omniscience (36:3, 7) 268
Word, Scroll, Book (36:2, 5, 18) 268
Jehoiakim as Perennial Tyrant (36:20-26) 269
Words and the Word (36:27) 272
Jeremiah 37-38 277
Dungeon and Cistern 277
Ancient Allegories (38:1-13) 278
A Model for Political Resistance (38:1-16) 280
The Cistern as Spiritual Prison (38:1-6). 285
Ebed-Melek Rescues Jeremiah (38:7-13) 287
Jeremiah's Lie (38:24-27) 295
Jeremiah 39 299
Zedekiah Captured (39:4-7) 299
Ebed-Melech Becomes Abimelech (39:15-18) 301
Jeremiah 40-43 303
How Did the Prophet Escape the Burning City? (40:1-6) 304
The Murder of Gedaliah (40:7- 41:17) 305
How Long, O Lord? (42:7) 305
The Stones of Tahpanhes (43:8-13) 306
Jeremiah 44 309
Uppity Women (44:15-19) 310
Martyrdom of Jeremiah 312
Jeremiah 45 319
Jeremiah 46-51 323
Babylon, the Golden Cup in God's Hand (51:7) 325
Jeremiah Speaks to a War-Torn Twentieth Century (51:11) 326
Thus Far the Words of Jeremiah (51:59-64) 328
Glossary 329
Brief Biography 333
Bibliography 341
Index 357
List of Illustrations
Introduction
Figure 1 Rembrandt van Rijn, Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Figure 2 Jeremiah with scroll and Ark. Wall fresco in the synagogue at Dura Europos. Public domain. Figure 3 John of Damascus, Sacra Parallela. Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Grec 923, fol. 258v. Constantinople. Figure 4 Prophet Jeremiah, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. De Agostini Picture Library/Bridgeman Images. Figure 5 The Prophet Armia, miniature from the "Jami' al-Tawarikh" of Rashid al-Din, Ms Or 20 f. 13v c. 1307. Edinburgh University Library/Bridgeman Images. Figure 6 Headpiece to Jeremiah in the Coverdale Bible 1535. Reproduced with permission of the syndics of the Cambridge University Library. Figure 7 The Prophet Jeremia. Jan van der Straet, called Stradanus. Icones Prophetarum Veteris Testamenti Antwerp 1613. Private collection. Figure 8 Jeremiah before Zedekiah. Claes Jansz. Visscher. Theatrum Biblicum, hoc est historiae sacrae Veteris et Novi Testamenti tabulis aeneis expressae. Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Figure 9 Title page of Michael Ghislerius, In Ieremiam prophetam commentarii 1623. Reproduced by permission of the Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard. Figure 10 Frontispiece to Desmarais' Jérémie, Poëme en Quatre Chants. Paris 1771. Private collection. Figure 11 A children's Jeremiah. Charles Foster's Bible Pictures and What They Teach Us 1893. Private collection. Figure 12 Jeremiah resisting a repressive regime. D.C. Comics, Picture Stories from the Bible. M.C. Gaines 1943. Private collection. Figure 13 Jeremiah as twentieth-century boy contemplating his call. Arthur S. Maxwell, The Bible Story Vol 5, p. 179. 1955. Private collection. Figure 14 Jeremiah models resisting ridicule. My Book of Bible Stories. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, 1978. Private collection. Figure 15 Jeremiah bullied. Children's story bible from the early twentieth century. Private collection. Figure 16 Charity medal by Louis Rosenthal, 1938. Private collection. Figure 17 Doug Johnson, "Lamentation for the Ages". Figure 18 Marc Chagall, "Solitude." Oil on canvas. Tel Aviv Museum of Art. Gift of the artist, 1953. Photo: Avraham Hai. © 2019 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris.
Commentary
Figure 19 Jer 1:1. Jeremiah as author of his book. © M. Moliero Editor (www.moliero.com), The Bible of St. Louis, vol. 2, f. 130r. Figure 20 Jeremiah 1:1. Copper figure engraving by Cornelis Martinus Spanoghe, 1784, from his Very Correct Discourse of the History of the Old Testament. Private collection. Figure 21 The birth of Jeremiah and its allegory © M. Moliero Editor. www.moliero.com. The Bible of St. Louis. vol. 2, f. 130r. Figure 22 Jeremiæ the Prophet. Matthäus Merian, Iconum Biblicarum, 1630. Private collection. Figure 23 Jer 1:5. A nineteenth-century imagining of Jeremiah receiving God's call. F.B. Meyer, Jeremiah: Priest and Prophet 1894. Private collection. Figure 24 Jer 1:9. God places the word in a receptive Jeremiah's mouth. British Library Royal MS 1 E IX ("The Bible of Richard II") folio 193r. Bridgeman Images. Figure 25 Jer. 1:6-9. Winchester Bible, f148. ©The Dean & Chapter of Winchester, 2019. Reproduced by kind permission of the Dean & Chapter of Winchester. Figure 26 Contemporary reception of Jer 1:10. Visual Theology, by permission of The Rev. David Perry, England Figure 27 Benjamin West, The Call of Jeremiah. Courtesy of Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux. Figure 28 Political cartoon from Flugblätter der Reformation und des Bauernkriges. Courtesy of Widener Library, Harvard University. Figure 29 The boiling pot. Engraving by Matthias Scheits for Tableaux de vieux et nouveau testament. Amsterdam 1710. Private collection. Figure 30 Jer 5:21. "Was Jeremiah speaking to you?" Advertisement from the Saturday Evening Post 1924. Figure 31 Jer 8:7. Frank Beard, Picture Puzzles, or How to Read the Bible by Symbols. Private collection. Figure 32 Jer 8:22. Election Day Sermon "The Balm of Gilead" preached in Cape Cod in 1670. Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Figure 33 Jer 9:1. Saul Rabino. "Jeremiah." 1935 lithograph. Private collection. Figure 34 Jer 9:1. Title page of Fons Lachrymarum with illustration of King Charles. RareBook 147377, The Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Figure 35 Jer 9:21. Icones Mortis Sexaginta Imaginibus 1648. Bridwell Library Special Collections, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University. Figure 36 Jer 10:14. Caricature of Erasmus as Jeremiah. Hans Holbein 1509. Print Collection, The New York Public Library. Figure 37 Jer 13:17. Jeremiah weeps in the English Civil War. Harley MS 5987 61 (engraving) / British Library © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved/Bridgeman Images. Figure 38 Jer 18. Jeremiah's potter as an allegory for the conversion of Saul. © M. Moleiro Editor (www.moleiro.com), The Bible of St. Louis, vol.2, f.130r. Figure 39 Jer 19. Jeremiah smashes the jug. Brown's Self-Interpreting Family Bible. Private Collection. Figure 40 Jer 20:2. "Le Grande-Prêtre Frappe Jérémie." M. Desmarais 1771, Paris. Private Collection. Figure 41 Jer 20:2. The Children of the Bible: As Examples and Warnings. Frances M. Caulkins. 1850. Private collection. Figure 42 Sculpture by Andrew Mabanji. Courtesy of Saint John's Abbey, Collegeville, MN. Figure 43 Jer 20:14-15. Figure 34. Jeremiah's curse as medieval allegory condemning contemporary bishops. © M. Moliero Editor (www.moliero.com), The Bible of St. Louis, vol. 2, f. 141r. Figure 44 Jer 27:2; 28:10. Theatrum Biblicum. 1674. Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Figure 45 Jer 29:19. A contemporary Jeremiah warns inhabitants of New York City. Private collection. Figure 46 Jer 31:22. © M. Moliero Editor, www.moliero.com), The Bible of St. Louis, vol. 2, f. 148r. Figure 47 Jer 36:23. © M. Moliero Editor (www.moliero.com), The Bible of St. Louis, vol. 2, f. 150r. Figure 48 Jer 36:23. Jehoiakim watches the scroll burn. Jehoiakim burns Jeremiah's words. Johann Dietenberger, Biblia. 1534. Courtesy of the Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection, Pitts Theology Library, Candler School of Theology, Emory University. Figure 49 Jer 36:23. Jehoiakim burns Jeremiah's scroll. Jan Luykens in Christoph Weigel's Historiae celebriores Veteris Testamenti Iconibus representatae (1712). Private collection. Figure 50 Jer 36:23. Jehoiakim burns the scroll. Christoph Weigel. Biblia ectypa. 1695. Courtesy of the Pitts Theology Library, Candler School of Theology, Emory University. Figure 51 Jer 38:6. Matthäus...
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