
Common Sense Science of Climate Change
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Content
- Intro
- Common Sense Science of Climate Change
- About the Author
- Copyright Information ©
- Synopsis
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Confusion in Terminology
- 1. Climate and Weather Confused
- 2. Climate Warming and Climate Change
- 3. Carbon (C) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Are Not Synonymous but Integral Parts of the Carbon Cycle
- Carbon
- Carbon dioxide
- 4. Net Carbon Emissions
- Outline of this Book
- Chapter 2 Science: A Logic of Enquiry
- What Is Science?
- Some Issues with Graphs
- Some Issues with Survey Research
- Chapter 3 Climate Science or Science Fiction: Inducing a Climate of Fear
- Fake News, False Prophets (And Perhaps Unethical Profits)
- The Pillorying of Scientific Argument
- Chapter 4 A Little Astronomy: A Trip Around the Sun
- The Role of the Sun and Other External Influences
- Milankovitch Cycles
- Earth's Axial Tilt (Obliquity)
- Seasonal Change
- Eccentricity
- Effect on Temperature
- Effect on Lengths of Seasons
- Precession
- Axial Precession
- Apsidal Precession
- Brief Summary of Combination of Effects
- Present and Future Conditions
- External/Celestial Forces
- Sunspot Cycles and Geomagnetic Storms
- The Solar Sunspot Cycles
- Relative Effects of Solar Influences and Anthropogenic Influences
- Moon Cycles
- Chapter 5 Some Physics: What's in a Cloud?
- Cloud Types
- Layers in the Atmosphere
- How Do Clouds Form?
- Convection
- Latent Heat
- Humidity and Condensation
- Cloud Droplets and Cloud Condensation Nuclei
- Vulcanicity as a Source of Particulates
- Cosmic Ray Flows as a Source of Particulates and Cloud Development
- Research on These Processes
- Chapter 6 Aspects of Climatology: Global Weather Systems
- Some Global Systems
- Global Atmospheric Circulation
- Regional Climate Systems La Nina and El Nino Climate Systems
- El Nino
- La Nina
- El Tio and La Tia
- Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO)
- The Indian Ocean Dipole
- The Positive IOD
- The Negative IOD
- Monsoons
- The Indian and Australian monsoon
- The Monsoon in India
- Monsoon season in the United States
- What about Climate Change and Global Weather Systems?
- Chapter 7 Simple Physics of the Greenhouse Effect and Energy Budget
- Energy Flows and the Energy Budget
- The Earth's Energy Budget
- What Is the Greenhouse Effect?
- Role of the Greenhouse Effect
- Radiation Wave Lengths
- Gas Chemistry and Vibration
- Details of the Energy Budget
- Incoming Solar Radiation
- Throwing the Greenhouse Balance Out of Kilter
- What was Climate Like in the Past
- Amplifying the Greenhouse Effect
- Chapter 8 Greenhouse Gases: A State of Matter that Matters
- Global Warming Potential (GWP)
- Greenhouse Gases
- Global Emissions by Gas
- A Trip Through the Major Gases
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Methane (CH4)
- Natural Sources of Methane
- Manmade Sources of Methane
- Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
- Ozone (O3)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
- Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)
- Chapter 9 Thermometry: Temperatures Up or Down?
- Temperature Measurement
- Temperature Variation over the Ages
- Contemporary Investigations and Analyses Informing the IPCC
- Problems with a Global Mean Temperature
- Location and Heat Island Issues with Land Weather Stations
- Micro-Climates
- Temperature at 1400hrs
- Problems with Changes to Sea Surface Temperature Measurements
- Recent Temperature Data Congruity
- Beyond a Global Annual Average
- Measuring Temperature: A Few Crucial Disparities Between Methods
- Ice Core Evidence-Greenland
- Ice Core Evidence-Vostok Antarctica
- The Relationship Between Temperature and CO2
- Major Problems with Remodelling Temperature in Australia
- Audit of Global Warming Dataset Finds It Riddled with Errors
- Chapter 10 False Science: The Hockey Stick that Wasn't
- IPCC Mathematical Models
- Critical Issues of the Study
- Abolition of Medieval Optimum Warm and Little Ice Age Periods
- Too Small a Sample
- Tree Rings Not the Right Choice
- Tree Rings Do Not Reflect Temperature Alone
- Wrong Tree Chosen
- Difficulty in Merging Different Types of Data
- Mann Judged His Own Work
- Deliberate Deceit
- Replication Failure
- Mann's Defence
- IPCC Action, or Is It Inaction?
- Conclusion
- Chapter 11 Cryology: Icey Issues in the Arctic and Antarctic
- Types of Ice
- The Arctic
- Effects of Ocean Currents and North Atlantic Oscillation
- Arctic Ice Melt and Sea Level Rise
- Ice Cubes Don't Sink
- Walruses, Polar Bears and Seals
- Walrus Myth
- Polar Bear Myth
- Seals
- The Antarctic
- Polar Opposites
- Penguins
- Vulcanicity in the Antarctic
- The Albedo Effect
- Geopolitical Issues
- Chapter 12 Oceanography: A Dip into the Oceans Sequestration, Sea Level Changes and Corals
- Oceans and Seas
- Role of Eddies
- The Ocean as a Carbon Sink
- Adverse Actions Affecting Sequestration
- Predictions of Rising Sea Levels
- Measuring Sea Level Changes and Causes of Sea Level Changes
- Relative Sea level
- Sea and Land Level Changes after Glaciation
- Plate Tectonics and Sea Level Change
- Continental Drift and All That
- Convection Cells
- Constructive Plate Boundary or Divergent Plate Margin
- A Transform Plate Boundary
- Difficulties in Assigning Relative Effects of Tectonic Movements and Climate Change
- Coral Reefs and Climate Change
- Origin and Location
- The Impact of Climate Change on Reefs and Corals-Acidification
- The Impact of Climate Change on Reefs and Corals-Bleaching
- Chapter 13 The Lifespan of Renewables: Clean and Green?
- The Terminology Can Be Quite Confusing
- What Is Renewable Energy?
- What Is Clean Energy
- What Is Green Energy?
- Carbon Neutral
- Carbon Negative
- Net Zero, Net Zero Emissions
- Zero Emissions
- Low Emissions, Low Carbon and Carbon Positive, Climate Positive
- Clean Energy vs. Renewable Energy-How Clean Is Renewable Energy?
- How Green Is Wind Power?
- How Green Is Solar Panel Production
- Why Many Renewables Are Not So Green
- Moral Issues
- Problems with Batteries
- Hydrogen
- Nuclear Power and Disposal of Nuclear Waste
- Chapter 14 Understanding Modelling
- What Is a Model?
- Essential Elements of a Model
- Problems with Developing Global Climate Models (GCMs)
- Specific Components Measured
- Diagnosis and Prediction
- Acceptability of Models
- Predicting the Future
- Chapter 15 Unprecedented: Facts Versus Beliefs
- Unprecedented: Sometimes an Unwarranted Hyperbole
- Droughts and Floods
- Bush Fires
- Major Fires in Australia
- Cyclones
- Chapter 16 The Glasgow COP-Out: A Mission Impossible
- Global Warming Evidence
- Other Points Have Emerged
- Falling Short in Glasgow COP26
- National Climate Pledges
- The Background Problem
- Economic Issues
- The Paradox of Moving Too Fast and Increasing Coal Demand
- India
- China
- Other Countries' Efforts
- Chapter 17 Quo Vadimus: Some Perspectives on Present and Future
- What Can Science and Technology Offer?
- 1. Renewable Energy
- 2. Hydrogen Chemistry and Technology
- 3. Electric Vehicles
- 4. Carbon Capture Chemistry and Technology
- 5. Agricultural Improvements: Soil Science, Biology and Biomass
- Quatre Pour Mille Project
- Ruminant Methane Emission
- Other Farming Initiatives
- Permafrost Issues
- 6. The Developing Technology of Nuclear Power
- Nuclear Competitiveness
- Australian Folly
- New Nuclear Technology: MNRs and Fusion
- Forest Sequestering
- Costs of Climate Policies
- The Middle Ground and Sensible Way
- References
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