
Biosynthesis
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Content
- Biosynthesis
- Contents
- Chapter 1 Biosynthesis of Polyketides
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Aromatic Polyketides and Derivatives (Acetate as Chain-initiating Unit)
- Tetraketides
- Pentaketides
- Hexaketides
- Heptaketides
- Octaketide
- Decaketides
- 3 Aromatic Polyketides (Cinnamate as Chain-initiating Unit)
- 4 Non-aromatic Polyketides
- Chapter 2 C2-C25 Terpenoid Compounds
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mevalonic Acid
- 3 Monoterpenoids
- 4 Sesquiterpenoids
- 5 Diterpenoids
- 6 Sesterterpenoids
- Chapter 3 Triterpenoids, Steroids, and Carotenoids
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Mevalonic Acid
- 3 Squalene
- 4 Formation and Cyclizatbn of Squalene 2, 3-Oxide
- 5 Sterol Formation in Vertebrates
- Cholesterol Biosynthesis
- Sterol Carrier Proteins
- 6 Triterpenoids and Steroids in Higher Plants, Algae, and Fungi
- Triterpenoid and Sterol Biosynthesis
- Higher Plants
- Algae and Diatoms
- Fungi
- C2-24 Alkylation
- General Aspects
- Further Metabolism of Plant Sterols
- 7 Triterpenoids and Steroids in Invertebrates
- Insects
- Other Invertebrates
- Triterpenoid and Sterol Biosynthesis
- Metabolism of Sterols
- 8 Carotenoids
- Phytoene Formation
- Desaturation of Phytoene
- C30 Carotenoids
- Cyclization and Further Metabolism
- Chapter 4 Phenolic Compounds Derived from Shikimate
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Phenols and Phenolic Acids
- The Shikimic Acid Pathway
- Chloramphenicol Biosynthesis
- Isoprenylated Phenols
- 3 Phenylpropanoids
- Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthesis
- Allyl- and Propenyl-phenols
- Coumarin Biosynthesis
- Lignin Biosynthesis
- Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase
- 4 Flavonoids
- The Chalcone State
- Anthocyanin Biosynthesis
- Biosynthesis of Proanthocyanidins
- Glycosylation of Flavonoids
- Flavonoid Metabolism
- 5 Naphthoquinones
- The O-Succinylbenzoic Acid Pathway
- The Homogentisic Acid Ring Cleavage Pathway
- Chapter 5 Biosynthesis of Alkaloids
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Some Highlights of 1974
- Biosynthesis of the Pyrrolidine Ring of Nicotine examined by Short-term 14CO2, Exposure
- Carnptothecin-a Compound Derived from a Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid
- The Ergot Alkaloids-Mechanism of the Formation of Ring D
- Securinine-Unexpectedly Derived from Tyrosine
- The Furoquinoline Alkaloids : Dictamnine and Skimmianine
- The Erythrina Alkaloids
- 3 Enzyme Studies and Non-tracer Experiments Related to Alkaloid Formation
- Ricinus communis and Nicotiana rustica
- Papaver somniferum
- Nicotiana tabacum
- Peganum harmala
- 4 Table of Tracer Work relating to Alkaloid Biosynthesis
- Chapter 6 Non-protein Amino-acids, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Glucosinolates
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Non-protein Amino-acids
- General
- Serine and Cysteine Derivatives
- Selenium-containing Amino-acids
- Homoserine, Homocysteine, Methionine, and Derivatives
- Azetidine-2-carboxylic Acid and Derivatives
- Straight-chain C5-Amino-acids
- Straight-chain C6-Amino-acids
- Branched-chain Amino-acids
- Imino-acids
- Aromatic Amino-acids
- O-Glycosides of Amino-acids
- D-Amino-acids
- 3 Cyanogenic Principles
- General
- Biosynthesis
- 4 Glucosinolates
- General
- Biosynthesis
- Chapter 7 N.M.R. with Stable Isotopes in Biosynthetic Studies
- 1 Introduction
- 2 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method
- Rifamycin S
- Rifamycin W
- Geldanamycin
- Metacycloprodigiosin and Undecylprodigiosin
- Penicillic Acid
- Multicolic Acid and Multicolosic Acid
- Sterigmatocystin
- Tajixothone
- Ochrephilone
- Tenellin and Bassianin
- Scytalone
- Colchicine
- Camptothecin
- Neomycins
- Terpenes
- Ascochlorin
- Ovalicin
- Coriolins
- Hirsutic Acid C
- Trichothecolone
- Fusidic Acid
- Chapter 8 Biosynthesis of Penicillins and Cephalosporins
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Production and Structures of Penicillins and Cephalosporins
- 3 Amino-acid and Side-chain Precursors
- Side-chain Precursors
- Precursors of the Ring Systems
- Cysteinyl Moiety
- Valinyl Moiety
- 4 Possible Intracellular Intermediates
- 5 Biosynthesis of Intracellular Peptides
- 6 The Role of the Tripeptide in Biosynthesis
- 7 The Final Stage in Penicillin Biosynthesis by P. chrysogenum
- 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid and Isopenicillin N
- 8 Late Stages in the Biosynthesis of Cephalosporins
- Deacetylcephalosporin C
- Deacetoxycephalosporin C
- 9 Mechanisms of Ring Closure
- The ß-Lactam Ring
- The Thiazolidine and Dihydrothiazine Rings
- 10 Current Problems
- Author Index
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