The Intersubjective Mirror in Infant Learning and Evolution of Speech
1st Edition
Published on 29. July 2009
XXII, 351 pages
978-90-272-8923-0 (ISBN)
Description
The Intersubjective Mirror in Infant Learning and Evolution of Speech illustrates how recent findings about primary intersubjectivity, participant perception and mirror neurons afford a new understanding of children's nature, dialogue and language.
Based on recent infancy research and the mirror neurons discovery, studies of early speech perception, comparative primate studies and computer simulations of language evolution, this book offers replies to questions as: When and how may spoken language have emerged? How is it that infants so soon after birth become so efficient in their speech perception? What enables 11-month-olds to afford and reciprocate care? What are the steps from infant imitation and simulation of body movements to simulation of mind in conversation partners?
Stein Bråten is founder and chair of the Theory Forum network with some of the world's leading infancy, primate and brain researchers who have contributed to his edited volumes for Cambridge University Press (1998) and John Benjamins Publishing Company (2007). (Series B)
Based on recent infancy research and the mirror neurons discovery, studies of early speech perception, comparative primate studies and computer simulations of language evolution, this book offers replies to questions as: When and how may spoken language have emerged? How is it that infants so soon after birth become so efficient in their speech perception? What enables 11-month-olds to afford and reciprocate care? What are the steps from infant imitation and simulation of body movements to simulation of mind in conversation partners?
Stein Bråten is founder and chair of the Theory Forum network with some of the world's leading infancy, primate and brain researchers who have contributed to his edited volumes for Cambridge University Press (1998) and John Benjamins Publishing Company (2007). (Series B)
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Content
- The Intersubjective Mirror in Infant Learning and Evolution of Speech
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Dedication page
- Table of Contents
- List of illustrations
- List of tables
- Preface (with acknowledgments)
- Note
- PART I. Background for questions and findings inviting a paradigm shift
- From the last century history of ideas on children's nature and intersubjectivity
- On Buber's distinction of I-You and I-It relations
- In the beginning is the relation: Language in "primitive" cultures
- In the beginning is the relation: The domain of child development
- Mead's social philosophy as a basis for understanding symbolic interaction
- When a vocal gesture becomes a significant symbol
- Wittgenstein on meaning, language games and children's language learning
- How language comes alive for children
- On Buber, Mead and Wittgenstein transcending Leibnizian monads
- From Leibnizian monads to Piaget's self-regulative mental structures
- From Freud's attribution to infants of 'normal autism'
- From Piaget's attribution of an egocentric perspective
- Freudian and Piagetian views yielded some strange advices to parents
- Object Relations Theory from Freud
- Piaget's theory of ego-centricity requiring de-centration in order to allow for sociability
- Some strange advices to parents and care-persons influenced by Freudian and Piagetian views
- Recent findings on primary intersubjectivity confirm parents' experiences
- Note: Some last century publications pertinent to a current paradigmatic shift
- Recent related findings making a difference
- When feeding situations invite participant perception
- Identification of infant learning by other-centred participation
- Can I understand you without drawing upon symbolic or conceptual representations?
- On the discovery of mirror neurons
- More in detail on what led up to the discovery of a mirror neurons system in the human brain
- On perceptual reversal and frame of reference transformation
- Can we read our partners' minds without access to a constructed theory of mind?
- An early model of simulation of mind in conversation partners
- Returning to the nature of mind-reading in the light of the mirror neurons discovery
- Questions about the relation between altercentric participation and we-centric space
- When tongue muscles are activated upon listening to words
- On mouth mirror neurons and imitation of gestures
- Why is imitation in face-to-face situations more difficult than sitting side by side?
- Introduction to child's steps to speech in ontogeny and questions about cultural evolution
- From primary intersubjectivity, as defined by Trevarthen, to speech and mind-reading
- (I) Newborns' imitation and protoconversation in the first weeks and months
- (II) Object-oriented learning by altercentric participation and reading of intention
- (III) Listener's altercentric perception and interlocutors' simulation of one another's act
- On primary and higher order consciousness and Stern's specification of senses of self
- The various senses of self according to Daniel Stern
- Primary consciousness and the senses of an emergent self and of a core self
- Secondary intersubjectivity, core consciousness, and the sense of the intersubjective sel
- Tertiary intersubjectivity, verbal self, narrative self, and simulation and theory of mind
- An intermediate comment on the different usages of the term "intersubjectivity"
- Ontogenetic and sociogenetic dimensions of intersubjectivity: Conflicting views
- Questions about phylogeny: Speculation about the selective pressure on early hominids
- Questions about domains of cultural evolution
- Notes: On philosophy of the present and a paradox of time entailed by participant perception
- Philosophy of the present, feelings and temporal dualities
- On relativity and the mode of presentational immediacy
- PART II. On the origin of (pre)speech and efficient infant learners
- On language evolution and imitative learning
- 'Homo symbolicus'
- Why computer simulations? Reply in terms of a tripartite scheme
- When empirical clues about human evolution are lacking - tools for exploring assumptions
- On alternative mechanisms of cultural learning and communication
- Computer simulation models with and without natural selection mechanisms
- Altruism or symmetric cooperation involved in language evolution?
- A model of language-physiology co-evolution (Livingstone & Fyfe)
- A model of self-organizational emergence of sound systems in a population (de Boer)
- A model of grammar acquisition by means of exemplars (Batali)
- Syntax without Darwinian selection in a population of observational learners (Kirby)
- On the critical role of the learning child
- Innate basis for acquisition and articulation of speech?
- Speculation on the selective advantage of learning by (m)other-centred mirroring
- When asked to do what the facing instructor is doing
- Face-to-face re-enactment of manual moves - a problem for subjects with autism
- On the background for speculations about possible neurosocial architecture
- May such an altercentric (mirror) system be operative already in human newborns?
- On two computer models involving artificial 'neural network' simulations
- Connectionist simulations comparing 'egocentric' and 'altercentric' networks (Bråten)
- Computer simulation of imitation of arm-raising in a face-to-face situation (Billard & Arbib)
- On mirror reversal face-to-face and the open question about the role of the cerebellum
- On cultural evolution of mother-centred learning
- Do we have a firmer ground for speculating about pre-linguistic evolution?
- Comparative studies of infant-adult interaction in humans and chimpanzees
- Imitation of odd walking and "baby-sitting" posture
- A mother's "medical care" prevents suffocation and releases holding behaviour
- Two different "situational definitions" of a similar event
- Moving with the mother's movement when back-riding
- An object-oriented imitating attempt by a 22 months-old
- Returning to the question of cultural transitions
- No cultural learning in chimpanzees?
- Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?
- The bonobo Panbanisha subjected to a Theory-of-Mind deception test
- On the evolution of the brain and of protolanguage
- Precursory to current systems serving altercentric mirroring in phylogeny and ontogeny
- On cultural learning and evolution: The selective advantage of altercentric learning
- On the origin of humankind
- How would infants fare when they could not ride on mothers' back and before carrying bags?
- Mother nature according to Hrdy
- Alloparents
- Neonaticide
- The hominin infant decentration hypothesis
- The critical importance of distant learning and the pertinent discovery of mirror neurons
- The hypothesis about decentration of the mirror system in human evolution
- On prosocial behaviour in adult apes and young children
- Moving with the (m)other's movements
- Chimpanzees can offer consolation
- monkeys cannot
- Reports by Anna Freud and others on early prosocial behaviours in children
- Various rationalistic perspectives on altruism
- How to account for altruism in toddlers?
- On shared pain-processing in self and other
- Shared pain-processing system pertaining to empathy, but not altruism
- Recapitulation of episodes and definitions in accounting for early altruism
- Pertinent for the evolution of (proto)language?
- PART III. Intersubjective steps to speech and mind-reading in ontogeny
- From newborns' imitation
- The discovery of neonatal imitation
- The discovery of protoconversation
- Duet' before term with a prematurely born
- When protoconversation was first revealed by film analyses
- Characteristics and explanation of protoconversation
- Explanation in terms of the virtual other postulate
- On 'thirdness' and 'the space between'
- On the musicality and dance-like movements in early infant-adult interplay
- Infant sensitivity when protoconversation is perturbed
- Criticism and design modification
- Some earlier objections to layers of intersubjective attunement
- Perturbation of infant-adult interplay due to postnatal depression
- Strange situations': Infants react differently upon the return of the absent parent
- From object-oriented joint attention and other-centred infant learning
- Being hand-guided - actually or virtually - by the instructor
- Virtually moving with the model's movements as if the learner were hand-guided
- In front of the mirror: Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of perception
- Children in front of the mirror according to Zazzo
- On toddlers in front of the mirror in phenomenological light
- When infants reciprocate spoon-feeding: Moving with the other's mouth movements
- Some pertinent illustrations, definitions and propositions
- Circular re-enactment of care-giving from e-motional memory
- Neurosocial support of other-centred mirroring
- The Dumb-bell experiment inviting mental simulation and manual realization
- When a toddler imitates her model: From a 'now moment' to a 'moment of meeting'
- The creative nature of transitional phenomena and self-dialogue in early ontogeny
- On children in conversation and in self-dialogue
- Language learning as an inherently intersubjective phenomenon
- Different language landscapes afford different temporal and reality patterns
- When time is being indicated
- From Anna Freud's report on rescued orphans' foreign language acquisition
- Children in conversation with adults and with "themselves"
- Narratives from the Crib: Emily in conversation with her father and then with herself
- Confronted with a puzzle: A two-and-a-half-year old girl with her mother attending
- Private speech or dialogue with one's virtual or evoked companion
- Self-dialogical narratives
- On "egocentric speech" and problem-processing self-dialogue
- Unfamiliar situations evoking creative self-dialogue
- Manifestations of private speech vary with age
- In relation to other children: Play and pretend play
- When children listen to fairy tales
- Pretend play
- Two four year old friends during pretend play
- Children's imaginary companions or invisible playmates
- Are children with invisible playmates less social than other children?
- Visual and verbal narratives: Cosmology of a five-year-old
- At school and in the classroom: When the creative self-dialogue is silenced
- Hidden dimensions of classroom learning?
- Problem-processing when denied access to the actual other: The hat-rack experiment
- 'Perpetuum mobile' connections in the current network society
- When conversation partners become virtual co-authors of what the other is saying
- On theory-of-mind concepts: Theory version or simulation version?
- A conversation model of coding regulation through simulation of co-actor processes
- A conversation model of internal coding regulation by simulation of processing in the partner
- Manifest implication of simulation of the partner's mind: Sentence completion
- How two conversation partners complete one another: de Beauvoir and Sartre
- Discussion: On some objections to the simulation version of theory of mind
- In the light of the revealed mirror neuron systems support
- Is simulation of mind self-oriented or other-oriented?
- On the nature of the path from bodily imitation to participation in another's mental life
- On now-moments and other-centred moments of meeting in clinical conversations
- Note: On some issues of time in observation and computer simulation of conversation
- The third person and the present in affect attunement
- On self-reference and simulated time being arrested for dialogical loops to be completed
- Studies of conversational dyads
- Temporal duality
- When the intersubjective mirror has been biologically broken
- On the introduction and (mis)use of the label 'autism'
- On the biological roots and prevalence of autism
- Prevalence of high-functioning and low-functioning and gender differences
- From the autobiographical reports of three women with autism
- On the chaos caused by sensory problems in autism
- Emotions are certainly not absent, but....
- Impairments in the autistic spectrum compared to the typical intersubjective layers
- The broken mirror
- Rare cases of children with autism who have quite special talents
- When therapy, sign language or new experiences open windows to altered behaviours
- The intersubjective steps in retrospect and guidance, and prospects for further research
- Distinguishing imitative re-enactment from pre-enacting and co-enacting resonance
- Co-articulation, repetition, and anticipatory simulation at the tertiary intersubjective layer
- Re-enactment vs. co-enactment or pre-enactment at the secondary intersubjective layer
- Pre-enactment, co-enactment and re-enactment at the primary intersubjective layer
- Pertinent for caregiver guidance in the contexts of Marte Meo and ICDP approach
- Questions inviting further research on perceptual reversal and mind-reading
- Questions about perceptual reversal by imitating newborns and the role of cerebellum
- Does the actual other-relation and gender make a difference in modes of mind-reading?
- Do our sensory modes in language differ from modalities related to music and dance?
- Concluding questions about early altruism and the roles of socializing agents
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Author index
- Subject index
- Advances in Consciousness Research
