Through the Valley of Shadows

Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction SECTION ONE: PAST Chapter 1. A Culture in Crisis Historical Death Culture and the Dying of Death Life Support and the Miracles of Resuscitation The Rise of Intensive Care and "Life Support" Life in the 1960s Chapter 2. The Rise of the Living Will The Findings of the Court Legislation Disclosurism and a Focus on Procedures Improving enforcement Futility, Financial Disaster, and Obligations to Society Expanding horizons Chapter 3: Empirical and Ethical Problems with Living Wills Conceptual Problems with Living Wills Pig Iron under Water: Living Wills Don't Apply in Real Life Paradoxical Threats to Autonomy "If I'm ever like that, let me die": Disability Stigma The Limits of Prediction Make Living Wills Difficult to Use Problems of race Living Wills Can Backfire Empirical evidence that Living Wills Don't Work SECTION TWO: PRESENT Chapter 4. Living Wills Don't Make Decisions; Human Beings Do Thinking like a Human Being What your Brain Doesn't Know Might Kill You Affective forecasting and psychological adaptation Things that Go Bump in the Night Moral Distress Moral Hazards Choosing to See Chapter 5. The Barbaric Life of the ICU Barbarism and Brutality The Experience of the Ventilator Immobilization Tubes and more tubes The Brain under Siege Terrible Communication We Don't Always Know What We Want Deforming Death in the Rush to Rescue Chapter 6. Life after the ICU A Few Visionary Researchers The Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Bodies Muscles Lungs Brains Psyches Is It All Worth It? The Tension between Outcomes Research and Advance Directives SECTION THREE: FUTURE Chapter 7. Reform: The Current State of the Art Eliciting Values and Wishes Registration Drives for Advance Directives in Wisconsin Multimedia Persuasion Tailoring Advance Care Planning Decision Aids Choice Architecture The Science of Communication The Conversation Project Redesigning the ICU Chapter 8. Healing the Intensive Care Unit Let Families In Fixing Code Status Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst Wrapping Up Recognize the Crossroads Create a Support Community Create Space for Facilitated Farewells Change the Framing to Manage Clinicians' Moral Distress Changing Culture outside Medicine Not Left Unsaid Authentic Personalization A Possible Map: Five Approaches to the ICU Approach 1: Do Everything Approach 2: Be Aggressive Only if I Have a Reasonable Chance of Recovery Approach 3: Only Admit Me to the ICU if I Have an Excellent Chance of Recovery Approach 4: Don't Admit Me to the ICU Approach 5: Don't Admit Me to a Hospital; Focus Only on My Comfort Epilogue. What Should We Do in the Meanwhile?