The Technical Applications of Radioactivity
Published on 22. October 2013
370 pages
978-1-4832-2512-8 (ISBN)
Description
The Technical Applications of Radioactivity, Volume 1 reviews the technical applications of radioactivity, with emphasis on the potentialities of nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry for the peaceful development of industrial productivity. Topics covered range from measurement of radioactivity to the production and chemistry of radio elements, as well as the application of radioactivity in chemical analysis and in the mining, metallurgical, electrical, and engineering industries. Comprised of 13 chapters, this volume first deals with the fundamentals of modern atomic theory, followed by an introduction to the basic facts of radioactivity, the methods used for measuring it, and chemical operations with radioactive substances. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of radioactivity in chemical analysis, hydrology, and water supply, and in industries such as mining and oil production, engineering, and chemical sectors, along with forestry and agriculture. The final chapter looks at precautions in the use of radioactive materials to protect research workers, physicians, and other personnel against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This book is written for scientists and scientific or technical workers.
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Content
¿Foreword to the First EditionForeword to the Second EditionForeword to the Third EditionNote on BibliographyAcknowledgements1. Introduction 1.1. The Importance of Radioactivity for Science and Industry 1.2. The Development of Knowledge about the Atomic Nucleus 1.3. Survey of the Applications of Radioactive Substances2. Fundamentals of Radioactivity 2.1. The Atom as a Planetary System 2.2. The Electrons in the Atoms 2.3. Molecules 2.4. Isotopy 2.5. Isotope Effects 2.6. Radioactivity 2.7. a-Radiation 2.8. ß-Radiation 2.9. ¿-Radiation 2.10. Radiation from the Extranuclear Region Due to Radioactivity 2.11. Energy of Radiations 2.12. Induced Nuclear Reactions 2.13. Nuclear Fission 2.14. Absorption of Radiation: Preliminary Remarks 2.15. Absorption of a-Radiation 2.16. Absorption of ß-Radiation 2.17. Absorption of ¿-Radiation 2.18. Radiation Dose 2.19. Decay of Radionuclides 2.20. Radioactive Equilibrium 2.21. Statistical Fluctuations of Radioactivity General References to Chapter 23. The Measurement of Radioactivity 3.1. Introductory Remarks 3.2. Ionization Chambers 3.3. Proportional Counters 3.4. Geiger Counters 3.4.1. Principles 3.4.2. Construction Types 3.5. Scintillation Counters 3.6. Photographic Detection Methods 3.7. Preparation of Solid Samples General References to Chapter 3 Literature on the Measurement of Radiocarbon and Tritium4. The Production and Chemistry of Radioelements 4.1. Production of Radionuclides 4.2. General Aspects of Radiochemistry 4.3. Radiochemical Procedures 4.4. Radiosyntheses General References to Chapter 45. The Radioactive Tracer Method 5.1. General Characteristics of the Tracer Method 5.2. Chemical Radiation Effects as a Disturbing Factor 5.3. The Emanation Method General References to Chapter 56. Application of Radioactivity in Chemical Analysis 6.1. Survey of the Types of Application 6.2. Determination of Natural Radioelements 6.3. Indicator Analysis 6.4. Analysis with Radioactive Reagents 6.5. Isotope Dilution Methods 6.6. Activation Analysis 6.6.1. Principle of the Method 6.6.2. Direct Measurement of Activity Compared with Measurement After Chemical Separation 6.6.3. Neutron Activation: General Remarks 6.6.4. Sensitivity of Activation Analysis with Neutrons 6.6.5. Examples of Activation Analysis with Neutrons 6.6.6. Activation with Ions 6.6.7. Activation by ¿- and X-Radiation 6.7. Analysis by Absorption or Scattering of Nuclear Rays (Absorption Analysis) 6.7.1. Analysis by Neutron Attenuation 6.7.2. Analysis by Slowing-Down of Neutrons or Ions 6.7.3. Analysis by Absorption and Scattering of ß-Rays 6.7.4. Analysis by Absorption of ¿- and X-Rays 6.7.5. Analysis by Induced X-Ray Emission 6.7.6. Analysis by Luminescence Quenching References to Chapter 67. Application of Radioactivity in Mining and Oil Production 7.1. Mining 7.1.1. Analysis and Classification of Ores 7.1.2. Radionuclides in Coal Mining and Coke Production 7.1.3. Ore Dressing 7.2. Oil Prospecting 7.3. Bore-Hole Investigations by Measurement of Natural Radioactivity (Gamma-Logging, GL) 7.4. Bore-Hole Investigations with Radiation Sources 7.4.1. Neutron-Neutron-Logging (NNL) 7.4.2. Neutron-Gamma-Logging (NGL) 7.4.3. Activation Logging (AL) 7.4.4. Gamma-Gamma-Logging (GGL) 7.4.5. Gamma-Neutron-Logging (GNL) 7.4.6. Bore-Hole Accelerators 7.5. Bore-Hole Investigations by Introduction of Radionuclides 7.6. Application to Oil Pipe Lines References to Chapter 7Application of Radioactivity in the Metallurgical, Engineering and Electrical Industries 8.1. Metallurgy 8.1.1.
