Financial Cryptography and Data Security

Name: Financial Cryptography and Data Security | FC 2015 International Workshops, BITCOIN, WAHC, and Wearable, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January 30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers
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FC 2015 International Workshops, BITCOIN, WAHC, and Wearable, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January 30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers

Michael Brenner Nicolas Christin Benjamin Johnson Kurt Rohloff(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

Published on 4. September 2015

XII, 309 pages

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978-3-662-48051-9 (ISBN)

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Content

Intro
BITCOIN 2015: Second Workshop on Bitcoin Research
WAHC 2015: Third Workshop on Encrypted Computing and Applied Homomorphic Cryptography
Wearable 2015: First Workshop on Wearable Security and Privacy
Contents
On the Malleability of Bitcoin Transactions
1 Introduction
1.1 Possible Fixes to the Bitcoin Malleability Problem
1.2 Our Contribution
1.3 Ethical Issues
2 Bitcoin Description
3 Experiments
4 Malleability in Bitcoin Contracts
4.1 The Deposit Protocol
4.2 Other Protocols Vulnerable to the Malleability Attack
5 Our Technique
5.1 Bitcoin-Based Timed Commitment Scheme
5.2 The Details of Our Method
References
Trends, Tips, Tolls: A Longitudinal Study of Bitcoin Transaction Fees
1 Introduction
2 Background and Research Questions
3 Data and Method
4 Results
4.1 Trends: Descriptive Analysis
4.2 Tips: Explaining the Decision to Offer a Fee
4.3 Tolls: Mining Pools as Gatekeepers
5 Discussion
6 Concluding Remarks
References
ZombieCoin: Powering Next-Generation Botnets with Bitcoin
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Botnet C&C Mechanisms
2.2 Bitcoin
3 ZombieCoin
3.1 Inserting C&C Instructions in Transactions
4 Proof of Concept
5 Discussion
6 Prior Work
7 Conclusion
References
Cuckoo Cycle: A Memory Bound Graph-Theoretic Proof-of-Work
1 Introduction
2 Motivation
3 Graph-Theoretic Proofs-of-work
4 Cuckoo Cycle
5 Cuckoo Hashing
6 Cycle Detection in Cuckoo Cycle
7 Union-Find
8 Cuckoo Cycle Basic Algorithm
9 Difficulty Control
10 Edge Trimming
11 Time-Memory Trade-Offs (TMTOs)
12 Choice of Cycle Length
13 Parallelization
14 Choice of Graph Size
15 Dynamic Sizing
16 Conclusion
References
When Bitcoin Mining Pools Run Dry
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Model
3.1 Overview
3.2 Players
3.3 Choices
3.4 Consequences
4 Model Analysis
4.1 Steady-State Pool Sizes
4.2 Steady-State Pool Utilities
4.3 Peaceful Equilibria
4.4 One-Sided Attack Equilibria
5 Numerical Illustrations
5.1 The Peaceful Equilibrium
5.2 One-Sided Attack Equilibria
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Issues in Designing a Bitcoin-like Community Currency
Abstract
1 Background
1.1 Cryptocurrencies
2 Community Cryptocurrency Features
2.1 Mining
2.2 Geofencing
2.3 Privileged Transactions
2.4 Demurrage
2.5 The Community Loan Fund
2.5.1 Adding to the Community Fund
2.5.2 Disbursing from the Community Fund
3 Challenges with a Cryptocurrency Community Fund
3.1 Identity
3.2 Voting
3.3 Loan Regulation
4 Vulnerability Assessment
4.1 STRIDE Framework
4.2 The Vulnerability Matrix
4.3 Mitigations
5 Conclusion and Future Research
References
The Bitcoin Market Potential Index
References
Cryptographic Currencies from a Tech-Policy Perspective: Policy Issues and Technical Directions
1 Introduction
2 Our Process
3 Background: Bitcoin and Crypto Currencies
4 Analysis of Relevant Legal Contexts
5 Tech-Policy Issues for Crypto Currencies
5.1 Where Is the Money?
5.2 What About Anonymity and Pseudonymity?
5.3 What Happens as the World Evolves?
6 Conclusion
References
Blindcoin: Blinded, Accountable Mixes for Bitcoin
1 Introduction
1.1 Mixing Services
1.2 Current Bitcoin Mixing Services
1.3 Our Contribution
2 Background
2.1 Mixcoin Summary
2.2 Blind Signatures
3 Blindcoin Description
3.1 Model
3.2 Protocol
4 Analysis
4.1 Properties
4.2 Overheads
5 Conclusion
References
Privacy-Enhancing Overlays in Bitcoin
1 Introduction
2 Definitions and Notation
2.1 Distributed Electronic Cash
2.2 Coinjoin
2.3 Taint Resistance
3 Achieving Taint Resistance
3.1 Using a Trusted Server
3.2 Reducing Trust in the Central Server
3.3 Removing the Central Server
4 Experimental Analysis
4.1 Auxiliary Information Based on Value
5 Related Work
6 Conclusions and Open Problems
References
Search-and-Compute on Encrypted Data
1 Introduction
1.1 Our Results
1.2 A High-Level Overview of Our Approach
1.3 Closely Related Work
2 Preliminaries
2.1 The BGV-Type SWHE Scheme
2.2 Security Model
3 Circuit Primitives
3.1 Equality Circuit
3.2 Greater-than Comparison Circuit
3.3 Integer Addition Circuit
4 Search-and-Compute on Encrypted Data
4.1 General-Purpose Search-and-Compute
4.2 Applications to Encrypted Databases
5 Performance Improvements
5.1 Larger Message Spaces with Lazy Carry Processing
5.2 Calibrating Circuit Primitives
6 Experimental Results
6.1 Adjusting the Parameters
6.2 Experiments for Search
6.3 Experiments for Search-and-Sum
References
Accelerating SWHE Based PIRs Using GPUs
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 GPU Implementation
4 Performance
References
Combining Secret Sharing and Garbled Circuits for Efficient Private IEEE 754 Floating-Point Computations
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 Combining Garbled Circuits with Secret Sharing
3.1 An Implementation of the Hybrid Protocol
3.2 Security of the Hybrid Protocol
4 Using the Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Computations
4.1 Circuits for IEEE 754 Primitives
4.2 Performance Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Cryptanalysis of a (Somewhat) Additively Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Used in PIR
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Trostle and Parrish's SHE Scheme
2.2 Applications to PIR
2.3 The Orthogonal Lattice
3 Breaking the One-Wayness of the Scheme
3.1 Overview
3.2 Applying Orthogonal Lattice Techniques
3.3 Larger Message Space
4 Implementation of the Attack
4.1 Attack Summary
4.2 Experimental Results
References
Homomorphic Computation of Edit Distance
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Homomorphic Encryption
2.2 Edit Distance
3 Circuit Building Blocks
3.1 Equality Circuit
3.2 Comparison Circuit
3.3 Addition Circuits
4 Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
4.1 Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
4.2 Performance Analysis of Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
4.3 Optimization of Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
5 Implementation and Discussions
5.1 Estimates
5.2 Experimental Result
6 Conclusion
References
HEtest: A Homomorphic Encryption Testing Framework
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Homomorphic Encryption and HElib
3 Test Data
3.1 Generation Parameters
3.2 Circuit and Input Generation
3.3 Test Suite Representation
3.4 SQLite Database
4 The Test Framework
4.1 The Test Harness
4.2 The Baseline
5 Report Generation
6 Experimental Results
6.1 Experimental Setup
6.2 Real-World Applicability
6.3 Parameters Tested
6.4 Overview of Results
6.5 Key Generation
6.6 Circuit Ingestion
6.7 Encryption and Decryption
6.8 Homomorphic Evaluation
6.9 Evaluation Time by Gate Type
7 Conclusion
References
Users' Privacy Concerns About Wearables
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing
2.2 Privacy in Mobile Devices
2.3 Privacy in Wearable Devices
2.4 Users' Perspectives on Privacy
3 Methods
3.1 IRB Approval
3.2 Data Selection, Extraction and Analysis
3.3 Devices, Online Data Sources and Figures
4 Identifying User Privacy Concerns for Wearable Technologies
4.1 Privacy Concerns for Wrist-Mounted Devices
4.1.1 General Social Implications: Unawareness
4.1.2 Right to Forget
4.1.3 Implications of Location Disclosure
4.1.4 Discrete Display of Confidential Information: Non-Disclosure
4.1.5 Lack of Access Control
4.1.6 Users' Fears: Surveillance and Sousveillance
4.2 Privacy Concerns for Head-Mounted Devices
4.2.1 Speech Disclosure
4.2.2 Surveillance, Sousveillance and Criminal Abuse
4.2.3 Surreptitious Audio and Video Recording: Unawareness
4.2.4 Surveillance, Sousveillance and Social Implications: Unawareness
4.2.5 Facial Recognition: Identifiability
4.2.6 Automatic Synchronization with Social Media: Linkability
4.2.7 Visual Occlusion: Non-Disclosure
4.3 Privacy Concerns Across Form Factors
5 Discussion
5.1 Limitations
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
On Vulnerabilities of the Security Association in the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
1 Introduction
2 Security Structure of the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
3 Key Agreement Protocols in the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
4 Security Problems
4.1 Protocol I
4.2 Protocol II
4.3 Protocol III
4.4 Protocol IV
5 Conclusion
References
Visual Cryptography and Obfuscation: A Use-Case for Decrypting and Deobfuscating Information Using Augmented Reality
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Visual Cryptography
3.1 Original Version
3.2 Modified Version
3.3 Using a Seven-Segment Display
4 Visual Obfuscation
4.1 Digit Representation
4.2 Analysis of 2-Way Partitioning
4.3 Optimizing the Partitioning
4.4 Analysis of 4-Bar Shape
4.5 Analysis of 3-Way Partitioning
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Ok Glass, Leave Me Alone: Towards a Systematization of Privacy Enhancing Technologies for Wearable Computing
1 Introduction
2 Properties
3 Systematization of Privacy Enhancing Technologies
4 Conclusion and Work in Progress
References
Design and Analysis of Shoulder Surfing Resistant PIN Based Authentication Mechanisms on Google Glass
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Authentication Mechanisms
3.1 Voice-Based PIN (VBP) Authentication
3.2 Touch-Based PIN (TBP) Authentication
4 User Study
4.1 Participants
4.2 User Study Design
4.3 Questionnaire
5 Results
5.1 Login Success Rate
5.2 Authentication Time
5.3 Usability and Security Study
5.4 Overall User Experience
5.5 Context Dependent Preference Study
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Glass OTP: Secure and Convenient User Authentication on Google Glass
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Options for User Authentication on Glass
3 Glass OTP
3.1 Private Key and OTP Generation
3.2 Initial Setup Procedure
3.3 Unlocking the Glass
4 Security and Usability Analysis
5 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
Author Index

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Financial Cryptography and Data Security

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