
Aspects of Multilingualism in European Language History
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- Aspects of Multilingualism in European Language History
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC page
- Dedication page
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- Multilingualism in European language history: The default case
- The contents of the contributions
- References
- Oceano vox: You never know where a ship comes from
- 1. Ships, trade and language
- 2. Multilingualism and the lexis of shipping
- 3. Multilingualism and ships' names: Some specific examples
- Notes
- References
- Language contact and bilingualism in Flensburg in the middle of the 19th century
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The linguistic situation of Flensburg from the Middle Ages until the 19th century
- 3. The nationalist period of the 19th century
- 4. Language use in Flensburg in the middle of the 19th century
- 4.1. Case study 1: The family Christiansen-Fromm
- 4.2. Case study 2: The family Mechlenburg-v. Bentzen
- 5. Concluding remarks about monolingual and bilingual linguistic behaviour
- Unpublished data
- Notes
- References
- Written and spoken languages in Bergen in the Hansa era
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Norwegians and the Germans
- 2.1. The Hansa era in Bergen
- 2.2. Double diglossia?
- 2.3. A kind of bilingual community?
- 3. Grammatical changes
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. The merger of the feminine and the masculine genders
- 3.3. Suffixed definite article on proper nouns
- 4. Summary
- Notes
- References
- Vyborg
- 1. Vyborg: A multilingual city
- 2. The Karelian border region
- 3. Viborg and the Kingdom of Sweden
- 4. The Viborg governorship
- 5. Viborg and the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland
- 6. Viborg and the Republic of Finland
- 7. Viborg Swedish
- 8. German loans in Viborg Swedish
- 9. Finnish loans in Viborg Swedish
- 10. Russian loans in Viborg Swedish
- 11. Ein echter Wiburger geht auf allen Vieren
- Note
- References
- Dialect and language contacts on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th century until 1939
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Lithuanian-Belarusian transition zone as a centre of structural convergences
- 3. The political and linguistic situation before the partitions (until end of 18th century)
- 4. The main ethno-and sociolinguistic changes after 1795 until WW I
- 4.1. Urban vs. rural varieties
- 4.2. Belarusian
- 4.3. Lithuanian
- 4.4. Diachronic changes of the borders between Lithuanian (East Baltic) and Belarusian (East Slavic) dialects
- 4.5. The appearance of Polish rural varieties in the Lithuanian-Belarusian borderlands
- 5. The inter-war period
- 6. Pieces of reconstruction on the basis of some most recent findings
- 7. Concluding remarks
- Appendices
- Abbreviations of languages (varieties)
- Maps
- Sources of maps
- Notes
- References
- Swedish and Swedish
- 1. Stratification in language: Education and condescension. Noreen's stylistic scale
- 2. Educated speech - and honourable: Noreen and Hof
- 3. Pioneers of grammar: The oldest explicit testimony of diglossia
- 4. The Reformation Bible: A deliberate mix of standards?
- 5. The Vadstena friars: Deliberate selection?
- 5.1. St. Birgitta's Revelations
- 5.2. The Pentateuch paraphrase
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Did Latin influence German word order?
- 1. Behaghel's theory
- 2. The presence and role of Latin in the German Middle Ages
- 3. Some notes on Latin word order
- 3.1. General remarks
- 3.2. Archaic and classical Latin
- 3.3. Word order in Latin main and subordinate clauses
- 3.4. Clause marking
- 3.5. Summary
- 4. Some notes on Early New High German word order
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. The data against Latin influence
- 4.3. German syntax prior to standardization
- 4.4. The chancery language
- 4.5. Summary
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- From unity to diversity in Romance syntax
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Unity: Clitic placement in medieval and early Renaissance Portuguese and Spanish
- 2.1. Unmarked main clauses: Enclisis and proclisis as variant patterns
- 2.2. Subordinate finite clauses and main clauses with proclisis triggers: Proclisis, interpolation, and OV order
- 2.3. A gradual change in clitic placement through the medieval period
- 3. The broken unity: Divergent outcomes of syntactic change
- 4. A diachronic generative syntax approach to clitic placement in Romance, with special reference to Portuguese and Spanish
- 4.1. Modern Romance vs. Old Romance
- 4.2. Change in clitic placement in Portuguese and Spanish: From unity to diversity
- 5. Conclusion
- 6. Appendix
- Notes
- References
- Sardinian between maintenance and change
- 1. Preliminary considerations
- 2. Language contact through the ages
- 3. Sardinian as a Romance language
- 4. Aspects of language shift
- 5. Codeswitching as an indicator for maintenance and shift
- 5.1. Data and methodology
- 5.2. Quantitative results
- 5.3. Qualitative investigation
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Language contact and Maltese intonation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Maltese and its development in the context of multilingualism
- 2.1. The Maltese language and bilingualism in Malta
- 2.2. Geographical and historical context
- 2.3. Origins and development of Maltese
- 2.4. The rise of multilingualism
- 3. The segmental phonology of Maltese
- 3.1. Consonantal phonemes
- 3.2. Vowel phonemes
- 4. Lexical stress in Maltese
- 4.1. The case of antepenultimate stress
- 4.2. Lexical stress assignment in Maltese from a comparative perspective
- 5. The intonation of Maltese
- 5.1. Intonation in declaratives with late focus
- 5.2. Intonation in yes-no questions with late focus
- 5.3. Intonation in WH-questions
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Index
- The series HAMBURG STUDIES ON MULTILINGUALISM
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