
Simple Methods for Identification of Plastics
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Content
2 - Contents [Seite 8]
3 - 1 Plastics and Their Characteristics [Seite 12]
4 - 2 General Introduction to the Analysis of Plastics [Seite 26]
4.1 - 2.1 Analytical Procedure [Seite 26]
4.2 - 2.2 Sample Preparation [Seite 27]
5 - 3 Screening Tests [Seite 30]
5.1 - 3.1 Solubility [Seite 30]
5.2 - 3.2 Density [Seite 33]
5.3 - 3.3 Behavior on Heating [Seite 36]
5.3.1 - 3.3.1 Pyrolysis Tests [Seite 38]
5.3.2 - 3.3.2 Flame Test [Seite 39]
5.3.3 - 3.3.3 Melting Behavior [Seite 41]
6 - 4 Testing for Heteroatoms [Seite 48]
7 - 5 Analytical Procedures [Seite 54]
7.1 - 5.1 Analysis by Groups [Seite 55]
8 - 6 Specific Identification Tests [Seite 60]
8.1 - 6.1 General Identification Reactions [Seite 60]
8.1.1 - 6.1.1 Liebermann-Storch-Morawski Reaction [Seite 60]
8.1.2 - 6.1.2 Color Reaction with p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde [Seite 60]
8.1.3 - 6.1.3 The Gibbs Indophenol Test [Seite 61]
8.1.4 - 6.1.4 Formaldehyde Test [Seite 61]
8.2 - 6.2 Specific Plastics [Seite 62]
8.2.1 - 6.2.1 Polyolefins [Seite 62]
8.2.2 - 6.2.2 Polystyrene [Seite 63]
8.2.3 - 6.2.3 Polymethyl Methacrylate [Seite 63]
8.2.4 - 6.2.4 Polyacrylonitrile [Seite 64]
8.2.5 - 6.2.5 Polyvinyl Acetate [Seite 65]
8.2.6 - 6.2.6 Polyvinyl Alcohol [Seite 66]
8.2.7 - 6.2.7 Polymers Containing Chlorine [Seite 66]
8.2.8 - 6.2.8 Polyoxymethylene [Seite 68]
8.2.9 - 6.2.9 Polycarbonates [Seite 68]
8.2.10 - 6.2.10 Polyamides [Seite 68]
8.2.11 - 6.2.11 Polyurethanes [Seite 70]
8.2.12 - 6.2.12 Phenolics [Seite 70]
8.2.13 - 6.2.13 Aminoplastics [Seite 71]
8.2.14 - 6.2.14 Epoxy Resins [Seite 72]
8.2.15 - 6.2.15 Polyesters [Seite 73]
8.2.16 - 6.2.16 Cellulose Derivatives [Seite 74]
8.2.17 - 6.2.17 Silicones [Seite 75]
8.2.18 - 6.2.18 Rubberlike Plastics [Seite 75]
8.2.19 - 6.2.19 High Temperature-Resistant (HT) Thermoplastics [Seite 77]
8.2.20 - 6.2.20 Fibers [Seite 80]
8.3 - 6.3 Polymer Blends [Seite 80]
8.4 - 6.4 Detection of Metals in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) [Seite 83]
9 - 7 Identification of Historic Plastic Objects [Seite 86]
9.1 - 7.1 General [Seite 87]
9.1.1 - 7.1.1 Dating [Seite 87]
9.1.2 - 7.1.2 Visual Appearance [Seite 87]
9.1.2.1 - 7.1.2.1 Transparency [Seite 88]
9.1.2.2 - 7.1.2.2 Hardness [Seite 89]
9.1.2.3 - 7.1.2.3 Odor [Seite 89]
9.1.2.4 - 7.1.2.4 Density [Seite 89]
9.1.2.5 - 7.1.2.5 How to Distinguish Between Thermoplastics and Duroplastics [Seite 89]
9.1.2.6 - 7.1.2.6 Material Behavior on Heating [Seite 90]
9.2 - 7.2 A Few Simple Chemical Tests to Identify Early Plastic Articles [Seite 92]
9.2.1 - 7.2.1 Protein Derivatives [Seite 92]
9.2.2 - 7.2.2 Natural Resins [Seite 93]
10 - 8 Advanced Analytical Methods [Seite 96]
10.1 - 8.1 Overview [Seite 96]
10.2 - 8.2 Infrared Spectroscopy [Seite 98]
10.3 - 8.3 IR-Spectra [Seite 102]
11 - 9 Appendix [Seite 114]
11.1 - 9.1 Plastics Identification Table [Seite 114]
11.2 - 9.2 Chemicals [Seite 123]
11.2.1 - 9.2.1 Acids and Bases [Seite 123]
11.2.2 - 9.2.2 Inorganic Chemicals [Seite 125]
11.2.3 - 9.2.3 Organic Solvents [Seite 126]
11.2.4 - 9.2.4 Organic Reagents [Seite 127]
11.2.5 - 9.2.5 Miscellaneous [Seite 128]
11.3 - 9.3 Laboratory Aids and Equipment [Seite 128]
11.3.1 - 9.3.1 Basic Equipment [Seite 129]
11.3.2 - 9.3.2 Optional Equipment [Seite 130]
11.4 - 9.4 Selected Polymer Acronyms [Seite 130]
12 - 10 Literature [Seite 134]
13 - Index [Seite 136]
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