Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Psychology Student Book
1st Edition
Published on 5. October 2017
288 pages
978-1-292-18367-1 (ISBN)
Description
Exam paper covered: Edexcel GCSE (9-1) PsychologyFirst teaching: September 2017First exams: Summer 2019 Specifically designed to support you with the Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Psychology course and assessments. Provides contemporary and engaging examples that students can relate to such as why we forget things and what can affect our memory. Psychology in Action features show how theories apply to everyday life. Helps students to build practical skills and apply knowledge with features such as 'Apply It', 'Try It' and 'Develop It'. Includes a dedicated chapter on research methods and provides maths tips throughout. Includes preparing for your exams sections at the end of each topic plus lots of practice and guidance throughout, with a focus on the extended writing questions.
More details
Other editions
Additional editions
Christine Brain | Karren Smith | Anna Cave
Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Psychology Student Book
Book
05/2017
Pearson Education Limited
€48.00
Shipment within 10-20 days
Content
- Front Cover
- Contents
- Introduction
- Topic 1: Development
- Early brain development
- Development of the midbrain, forebrain and hindbrain
- Development of the cerebellum and medulla
- Building neural connections from birth
- Piaget's stages of development and their role in education
- Piaget's four stages of development
- Using Piaget's stages in education
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development and the development of intelligence
- Piaget's explanation of understanding the world
- Strengths and weaknesses of Piaget's theory
- Dweck's mindset theory and the effects of learning on development
- Introduction to mindset theory
- Fixed and growth mindset: ability and effort
- Experimental evidence
- Strengths and weaknesses of mindset theory
- Willingham's learning theory and the effects of learning on development
- Introduction to Willingham's learning theory
- Factual knowledge precedes (comes before) skill
- The importance of practice and effort
- Strategies to support development
- Strengths and weaknesses of Willingham's learning theory
- Studies: Piaget and Inhelder (1956) 'Three mountains' task
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Gunderson et al. (2013) Parent Praise to 1-3 Year Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Method
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Issues and debates: The development of morality
- Morals and morality
- Development of morality
- Weaknesses of these theories
- Damon (1999) on developing a moral self
- What can help children to develop a moral understanding?
- Topic 2: Memory
- Memory and information processing
- Stages of memory and information processing
- Short-term and long-term memory
- Duration and capacity
- Short-term memory store
- Long-term memory store
- Understanding amnesia
- Anterograde amnesia
- Retrograde amnesia
- Bartlett's (1932) Theory of Reconstructive Memory
- Memory and schemas
- Strengths and weaknesses of the theory
- Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) Multi-store Model of Memory
- The sensory register and the role of attention
- Short-term memory: capacity and duration
- The role of rehearsal
- Long-term memory: capacity and duration
- Strengths and weaknesses of the theory
- Studies: Bartlett (1932) War of the Ghosts
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Peterson and Peterson (1959) Short-term Retention of Individual Verbal Items
- Background to the study
- Aim
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Issues and debates: Reductionism and holism debate
- Reductionism
- Holism
- How the reductionism/holism debate applies to human memory research
- Topic 3: Psychological problems
- Unipolar depression: symptoms, features, incidence and influence
- Symptoms of unipolar depression
- Features of unipolar depression
- Incidence of depression over time
- How depression affects individuals and society
- Genetic explanation of unipolar depression
- Twin studies
- Strengths and weaknesses of the genetic explanation
- Cognitive theory as an explanation of depression
- Beck's cognitive triad
- Ellis's ABC model
- Strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive theory explanation
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression
- Strengths and weaknesses of using CBT to treat depression
- Drug therapy as a treatment for depression
- Types of antidepressants
- Strengths and weaknesses of drug therapy as a treatment of depression
- Addiction: symptoms, features, incidence and influence
- Symptoms of addiction
- Features of addiction
- How have incidences of addiction changed over time?
- How does addiction affect individuals and society?
- Genetic explanation of addiction
- Strengths and weaknesses of the genetic explanation
- Learning theory as an explanation of addiction
- Classical conditioning and addiction
- Operant conditioning and addiction
- Social learning theory and addiction
- Strengths and weaknesses of learning theory as an explanation of addiction
- Cognitive behavioural therapy as a treatment for addiction
- Functional analysis
- Skills training
- Strengths and weaknesses of using CBT to treat addiction
- Drug therapy as a treatment for addiction
- Drug addiction
- Strengths and weaknesses of drug therapy as a treatment for addiction
- Studies: Caspi et al. (2003) Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Young (2007) Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Internet Addicts: Treatment Outcomes and Implications
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Issues and debates: Nature and nurture debate
- Nature
- Nurture
- The nature and nurture debate and mental health problems
- Topic 4: The brain and neuropsychology
- The structure and function of the brain
- The structure of the human brain
- The functions of the brain
- Lateralisation of function in the hemispheres
- Asymmetrical function
- The role of the le° and right hemispheres
- The role of the corpus callosum
- How can we explain differences between males and females?
- Strengths and weaknesses of lateralisation as an explanation of sex differences between males and females
- The role of the central nervous system
- The function of neurotransmitters
- Synaptic functioning
- The impact of neurological damage
- Visual agnosia
- Prosopagnosia
- Impact of damage to the pre-frontal cortex
- Studies: Damasio et al. (1994) The Return of Phineas Gage: Clues About the Brain from the Skull of a Famous Patient
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Sperry (1968) Hemisphere Deconnection and Unity in Conscious Awareness
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Issues and debates: How psychology has changed over time
- How has the study of psychology changed over time?
- Topic 5: Social influence
- Terms used in social influence research
- Obedience
- Conformity
- Deindividuation
- Bystander effect
- Bystander intervention
- Situational factors affecting bystander intervention
- Personal factors affecting bystander intervention
- Conformity
- Situational factors aff ecting conformity
- Personality affecting conformity
- Obedience to an authority figure
- Milgram's electric shock experiments
- Situational factors affecting obedience to an authority figure
- Personality factors affecting obedience
- Understanding the behaviour of crowds
- Deindividuation and conformity
- Obedience
- Understand ways to prevent blind obedience to authority figures
- Social support
- Familiarity of the situation
- Distance
- Education
- Studies: Piliavin et al. (1969) Good Samaritanism: An Underground Phenomenon?
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Haney, Banks and Zimbardo (1973) A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison
- Background to the study
- Aim
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Issues and debates: Social and cultural issues in psychology
- Social issues in psychology
- Cultural issues in psychology
- Preparing for your exam 1
- Topic 11: Research methods
- Designing psychological research
- Independent and dependent variables
- Understanding the influence of extraneous variables
- Controlling extraneous variables
- Hypotheses
- Null hypothesis
- Alternative (experimental) hypotheses
- Methods of sampling
- Target population
- Sampling methods
- Research and experimental designs
- Types of research and experimental designs
- Issues of reliability and validity
- Reliability
- Validity
- Reliability and validity of qualitative and quantitative methods
- Ethical issues in psychological research
- The BPS Code of Human Research Ethics (2014)
- Informed consent
- Deception
- Confidentiality
- Right to withdraw
- Protection of participants
- Understanding research methods
- Experiments
- Interviews
- Questionnaires
- Correlation
- Case study
- Observation
- Data analysis
- Arithmetic and numerical computation
- Maths skills
- Descriptive statistics
- Representing and interpreting data
- Normal distributions
- Bar charts
- Scatter diagrams and correlations
- Plotting variables and interpreting graphs
- Types of data
- Primary and secondary data
- Qualitative and quantitative data
- Issues and debates: Ethical issues
- Ethical issues in psychological research
- The ends justify the means
- Topic 6: Criminal psychology
- Understanding learning theories as an explanation of criminality
- Operant conditioning as an explanation of criminality
- Strengths and weaknesses of operant conditioning
- Social learning theory as an explanation of criminality
- Strengths and weakness of social learning theory
- Biological explanations of criminality
- Genetic explanations for criminality
- Personality theory
- Strengths and weaknesses of Eysenck's theory
- Understanding the effects of punishment on recidivism
- Prison
- Strengths and weaknesses of prison as a deterrent to reoffending
- Community sentencing
- Strengths and weaknesses of community sentencing as a way to reduce reoffending
- Restorative justice
- Strengths and weaknesses of restorative justice as a way to reduce reoffending
- Treatments to rehabilitate and reduce criminal and antisocial behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour
- Token economy programmes
- Strengths and weaknesses of token economy programmes
- Anger management programmes
- Strengths and weaknesses of anger management programmes
- Studies: Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961) Transmission of Aggression through Imitation of Aggressive Models
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Charlton et al. (2000) Children's Playground Behaviour Across FiveYears of Broadcast Television: A Naturalistic Study in a Remote Community
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Topic 7: The self
- Concepts of the self and self-concept
- Existential and categorical self
- The self and mental health
- The role of identity and free will in the development of the self
- Eight stages of identity development
- The consequence of belief in free will
- The humanistic explanation of the self
- The humanistic approach
- Rogers' humanistic theory: the development of self and self-esteem
- Hierarchy of needs
- Internal and external influences on the self and self-esteem
- Internal influence on the self and self-esteem: temperament
- External influence on the self and self esteem: experience
- How personality can be measured
- Personality scales
- Personality types
- The use of trait theory as a measure of personality
- Factor analysis
- Cardinal, central and secondary personality traits
- 16PF personality factor assessment
- Strengths and weaknesses of trait theory as a measure of personality
- Studies: Vohs and Schooler (2008)The Value of Believing in Free Will: Encouraging a Belief in Determinism Increases Cheating
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Van Houtte and Jarvis (1995) The Role of Pets in Preadolescent Psychosocial Development
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Topic 8: Perception
- Monocular and binocular depth cues
- Visual depth cues
- Visual illusions
- Visual constancies
- Gibson (1966) The Direct Theory of Perception
- Sensory input
- Optic flow
- Invariants
- Affordances
- Strengths and weaknesses of the theory
- Gregory (1970) The Constructivist Theory of Perception
- Sensory input
- Perceptual hypothesis
- Inferences
- Prior knowledge
- Strengths and weaknesses of the theory
- Perceptual set
- Motivation
- Expectation
- Emotion
- Culture
- Studies: Haber and Levin (2001) The Independence of Size Perception and Distance Perception
- Background to the study
- Experiment 1
- Experiment 2
- Overall conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Carmichael, Hogan and Walter (1932) An Experimental Study of the Effect of Language on the Reproduction of Visually Perceived Form
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusion
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Topic 9: Sleep and dreaming
- Features, functions and benefits of sleep
- The four stages of sleep and REM sleep
- The sleep cycle
- Functions and benefits of sleep
- Internal and external influences on sleep
- Circadian rhythms
- Ultradian rhythms
- Internal influences on sleep
- External influences on sleep
- Strengths and weaknesses of the internal influences on sleep explanation
- Strengths and weaknesses of the external influences on sleep explanation
- Symptoms and explanations of sleep disorders
- Insomnia
- Narcolepsy
- Freud's (1900) theory of dreaming
- The importance of the unconscious
- Dreams reveal unconscious wishes and desires
- Strengths and weaknesses of Freud's theory of dreaming
- Hobson and McCarley's (1977) activation-synthesis theory of dreaming
- Activation synthesis
- Strengths and weaknesses of the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming
- Studies: Freud (1909) Little Hans: Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Siffre (1975) Six Months Alone in a Cave
- Background to study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Topic 10: Language, thought and communication
- The possible relationship between language and thought
- Representational thinking precedes language
- Strengths and weaknesses of Piaget's theory
- Language and thinking are separate
- Strengths and weaknesses of Vygotsky's theory
- How thought and language structures affect our view of the world
- Linguistic relativism
- Strengths and weaknesses of linguistic relativism as a theory
- Linguistic determinism
- Strengths and weaknesses of linguistic determinism as a theory
- How communication is different in humans and animals
- Ethics and researching with animals
- Features of language
- Animal communication
- Similarities and differences between animal and human communication
- Examples of non-verbal communication
- Facial expressions
- Eye contact
- Body language
- Personal space and distance
- Explanations of non-verbal communication
- Darwin's (1872) theory of evolution
- A biological explanation for facial expressions
- The social purpose of maintaining eye contact
- The role of the environment
- Studies: Yuki et al. (2007) Are the windows to the soul the same in the East and West?
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Boroditsky (2001) Does language shape thought? Mandarin and English speakers' conceptions of time
- Background to the study
- Aims
- Procedure
- Results
- Conclusions
- Overall conclusions
- Strengths and weaknesses of the study
- Preparing for your exam 2
- Index
- Acknowledgements
- Back Cover
