Control of Animal Cell Proliferation

ContributorsPrefaceI. Trends and Issues 1 Oncogenes and Pathways to Malignancy I. Acute Transforming Retroviruses II. Assignment of a Normal Function to a Proto-Oncogene III. Specific Proto-Oncogene Rearrangements in Human Tumors IV. Proto-Oncogene Amplification in Tumor Cells V. DNA Insertion Can Lead to Oncogene Activation VI. Oncogenes Demonstrated by Transfection of Human Tumor DNA VII. Point Mutations Are Responsible for Activation of ras Oncogenes VIII. Implications References 2 The Role of Stem Cells in Normal and Malignant Tissue I. Introduction II. Stem Cell Renewal in Normal Tissues III. Myelopoiesis IV. Stem Cells in Tumors V. The Clonal Hemopathies VI. Lymphopoiesis and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia VII. Heterogeneity VIII. Molecular Considerations IX. Treatment Goals X. Conclusions ReferencesII. Growth Factors 3 Epidermal and Fibroblastic Growth Factor I. Introduction II. Epidermal Growth Factor III. Fibroblast Growth Factor IV. Conclusion References 4 Insulin-Like Growth Factors I. Introduction II. Background III. IGF Structure IV. Biological Activity of Insulin-Like Growth Factors V. Circulating and Secreted Forms of the IGFs VI. Measurement of Insulin-Like Growth Factors VII. Physiological Control of IGF Secretion VIII. Unresolved Questions References 5 Cyclic AMP Elevators Stimulate the Initiation of DNA Synthesis by Calcium-Deprived Rat Liver Cells I. Introduction II. Model System: The Ca2+-Deprived T51B Rat Liver Cell III. Mechanism of Induction of DNA Synthesis by Ca2+ IV. Mechanism of Induction of DNA Synthesis by Tumor Promoters V. Induction of DNA Synthesis by Other Cyclic AMP Elevators VI. Stimulation of Cell Surface Protein Kinases VII. Summary and Conclusions References 6 Platelet Growth Factors: Presence and Biological Significance I. Introduction II. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor for Mesenchymal Cells III. Growth Factors for Tumor Cells IV. Concluding Remarks ReferencesIII. Receptors 7 The EGF Receptor I. Identification of the EGF Receptor II. EGF-Induced Receptor Loss: Down-Regulation of the EGF Receptor III. The Pathway of EGF-Induced Receptor Internalization IV. A Cell Line Enriched in EGF Receptors V. Tyrosine Kinase and the EGF Receptor VI. Purification and Characterization of the EGF Receptor VII. The EGF Receptor as Substrate VIII. DNA Nicking Activity of the EGF Receptor IX. Postulated Causal EGF-Mediated Response(s) in Stimulation of Cell Division X. Modulation of the EGF Receptor by Endogenous and Exogenous Agents XI. Sequence Homology between the EGF Receptor and the Avian Erythroblastosis Virus v-erb-B Oncogene Product XII. The EGF Receptor Gene XIII. The Future References 8 Effect of Insulin on Growth in Vivo and Cells in Culture I. Introduction II. Insulin Growth Effects in Vivo III. Insulin Growth Effects on Cells in Culture IV. Mechanism of Insulin's Growth-Promoting Action V. Post-Receptor Steps of Insulin's Growth Effects VI. Summary References 9 Glucagon Receptors and Their Functions I. Introduction II. General Characteristics of Glucagon Interaction with Its Receptors III. Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase Activation by Glucagon IV. Glucagon Structure-Function Relationships V. Isolation and Purification of Glucagon Receptors VI. Glucagon Interactions with Hormone-Sensitive Cells VII.