Applied Multidimensional Scaling

Ingwer Borg is a Professor Emeritus at GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany. He has authored or edited 18 books and numerous academic articles on scaling, data analysis, survey research, theory construction, and various substantive topics of psychology. He has also served as president of several professional organizations.

Patrick J. F. Groenen is a Professor of Statistics at the Econometric Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He has written several books and authored over 40 academic articles on topics including multidimensional scaling, multivariate analysis, classification, and visualization.

Patrick Mair is an Adjunct Professor at the Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. His research focuses on applied and computational statistics, with a special emphasis on psychometric methods.