Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications

Name: Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications
Brand: Artech House
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Eric Bogatin(Author)

Artech House (Publisher)

Published on 31. May 2020

604 pages

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978-1-63081-692-6 (ISBN)

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Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 What Are Transmission Lines and Why You Should Care
1.1 Do We Really Need Another Transmissi
1.2 All Interconnects Are Transmission L
1.3 The Importance of Measurement or Cha
1.4 When Are Interconnects Not Transpare
1.5 Why the RF World is Different from t
1.6 Review Questions
Chapter 2 Essential Principles of Signal on Interconnects
2.1 All Interconnects are Transmission Lines
2.2 Signals Are Dynamic
2.3 A Simple Free Tool to Illustrate the Propagation of a Signal
2.4 Time Delay and Wiring Delay
2.5 Signals See an Instantaneous Impedance
2.6 Instantaneous Impedance and Characteristic Impedance
2.7 What Happened to the Inductance of the Transmission Line?
2.8 What is Special about 50 Ohms?
2.9 The Paradox of Current Flow into a Transmission Line
2.10 Displacement Current as a New Type of Current
2.11 Return Current in a Transmission Line
2.12 Where Does the Return Current Flow?
2.13 Review Questions
Chapter 3 Categorizing Transmission Lines
3.1 Distinguishing Metrics
3.2 Uniform or Nonuniform Transmission Lines
3.3 Single-Ended or Differential
3.4 Uncoupled or Coupled
3.5 Lossless and Lossy Transmission Lines
3.6 Balanced or Unbalanced
3.7 Review Questions
Chapter 4 Five Impedances of a Transmission Line
4.1 The Instantaneous Impedance
4.2 Characteristic Impedance
4.3 The Surge or Wave Impedance
4.4 The Input Impedance in the Time Domain
4.5 Drawing Circuits with Resistors and Transmission Lines
4.6 Input Impedance in the Frequency Domain
4.7 A Few Special Cases for the Input Impedance in the Frequency Domain
4.8 Which is Better, the Frequency or the Time Domain Impedance?
4.9 Review Questions
Chapter 5 Why We Care About Impedance: Reflections
5.1 Reflections Keep the Universe from Blowing Up
5.2 The Reflection and Transmission Coefficient
5.3 Using the Reflection Coefficient and Transmission Coefficient
5.4 An Important Distinction Between the Signal and the Voltage
5.5 Important Termination Special Case: A 50-Ohm Resistive Load
5.6 Important Termination Special Case:
5.7 Important Termination Case: A Short
5.8 Resolving the Paradox: Where Did 2V
5.9 Another Paradox: The Signal Launched into the Transmission Line
5.10 Review Questions
Chapter 6 Analyzing Reflections with the Bounce Diagram
6.1 A Typical TX-RX Circuit
6.2 The Bounce Diagram: An Example
6.3 Simulating the Dynamic Nature of Reflections
6.4 Special Case: Short at the Far End
6.5 Circuits with an Interface between Two Tranmission Lines
6.6 Try These Examples of Transmission Line Circuits
6.7 Review Questions
Chapter 7 Practical Applications of Transmission Line Properties: What Every Scope User Needs to Know about Transmission Line s
7.1 A Commonly Misinterpreted Effect
7.2 The Wrong Root Causes of Rise Time Increase with Cable Length
7.3 Modeling Any Transient Source with Three Figures of Merit
7.4 Analyzing the Long Rise Time in Terms of Transmission Lines
7.5 The Third Figure of Merit for all Sources: Intrinsic Rise Time
7.6 When the Source Impedance is 50 Ohms
7.7 When the Thevenin Source Resistance is Much Lower than 50 Ohms
7.8 When to Use 50 Ohms or 1-Mohm Input to Scope
7.9 Review Questions
Chapter 8 Electrical Models of Transmission Lines
8.1 Measured Electrical Behaviors of Transmission Lines
8.2 Equivalent Electric Circuit Models of Transmission Lines
8.3 Models and the Real World
8.4 Real and Ideal Transmission Lines
8.5 Introducing a Simple, Open-Source SPICE-Like Simulators: QUCS
8.6 The Tline Element and Real Transmission Lines
8.7 Total L and C in a Transmission Line
8.8 The Limit to a Transmission Line as a Lumped C or L
8.9 Capacitance Per Length and Inductance Per Length
8.10 Limitations of the n-Section Lumped Circuit Model
8.11 Review Questions
Chapter 9 The TDR Principles
9.1 A Simple Example of a TDR Measurement and What It Can Measure
9.2 Principles of Operation
9.3 From Reflection Coefficient to Impedence
9.4 TDR Response with a Short Discontinuity Before the Termination
9.5 The TDR Response from Resistors
9.6 A Uniform Transmission Line or a Resistor?
9.7 Electrically Long and Electrically Short Transmission Lines
9.8 Spatial Resolution of a TDR
9.9 Masking: Reflections from Two Uniform Transmission Lines
9.10 Review Questions
Chapter 10 Practical TDR Measurements
10.1 Always Use a Torque Wrench
10.2 Cable Termination Launches
10.3 Quality of Cables
10.4 Uniform Transmission Lines and Impedance
10.5 How Uniform Are Transmission Lines?
10.6 Increasing Impedance Down the Line
10.7 Discontinuities from Different Ends
10.8 TDR Response from a Transmission Line with an Open or Short Far End
10.9 TDR Response from a Very Low Impedance Transmission Line
10.10 When There is Coupling to a High Q Resonator
10.11 Review Questions
Chapter 11 Measuring Dk with a TDR
11.1 The Dk and the Speed of a Signal
11.2 Dkeff of Microstrip and Stripline
11.3 Measuring Dk, Method 1: Guess the Location of the Ends of the Line
11.4 Measuring Dk, Method 2: Two Different Line Lengths
11.5 Measuring Dk, Method 3: Special Test Structure with Small Pads
11.6 From Effective Dk to Bulk Dk in Micostrop
11.7 At What Frequency Does the TDR Measure the Impedance or Dielectric Constant?
11.8 Review Questions
Chapter 12 Calculating the Characteristic Impedance from Geometry and Material Properties
12.1 Characteristic Impedance and Geometry
12.2 Analytical Exact Examples
12.3 Using a 2D Field Solver to Calculate the Characteristic Impedance
12.4 Finite Width of the Return Path
12.5 Practice Safe Simulation and Rule #9
12.6 Review Questions
Chapter 13 A Microstrip Transmission Line
13.1 The Surface Microstrip
13.2 A Simple Rule of Thumb
13.3 Sensitivity Analysis: First- and Second-Order Factors
13.4 A Comparison to Analytical Approximations
13.5 Comparison to a Measurements of a Simple Test Board
13.6 Second-Order Factors: Solder Mask, Trace Thickness, Etchback, and Adjacent Conductors
13.7 Review Questions
Chapter 14 Stripline Analysis
14.1 Simple Stripline Analysis
14.2 Comparison to Analytical Approximations
14.3 A Design Example for Asymmetric Strpline
14.4 When Does the Top Plane Not Matter?
14.5 First- and Second-Order Factors
14.6 Review Questions
Chapter 15 Differential Signaling and Differential Impedance
15.1 Differential Pairs for Low-Noise Analog Signals
15.2 Differential and Common Signals in High Speed Digital Signaling
15.3 Differential and Common Impedance with Traces Far Apart
15.4 Calculated Differential and Common Impedances with No Coupling
15.5 Displacement Current and the Origin of Impedance
15.6 Impedance of One Line When Part of a Pair
15.7 Case 1: The Second Line is Kept Low
15.8 Case 2: The Second Line is Driven with an Opposite Signal
15.9 Case 3: The Second Line is Driven with the Same Signal
15.10 Odd and Even Modes and Impedance
15.11 Important Properties of Odd- and Even-Mode Impedances
15.12 Relating Odd-Mode, Even-Mode Impedance, and Differential and Common Impedance
15.13 How Not to be Confused about Differential Impedance
15.14 Review Questions
Chapter 16 Differential TDR
16.1 Measuring the Odd-Mode Impedance
16.2 Differential Impedance for a Tightly Coupled Differential Pair
16.3 Changing Coupling with Constant Linewidth
16.4 Changing Coupling with Constant Differential Impedance
16.5 Impedance Profile of a Very Tightly Coupled Differential Pair
16.6 Review Questions
Chapter 17 Exploring the Properties of Differential Pairs
17.1 Engineering a Microstrip with a Constant Differential Impedance
17.2 Which is Better: Tightly Coupled or Loosely Coupled Differential Pairs?
17.3 Speed of a Differential and Common Signal
17.4 Stripline First-Order Factors
17.5 Stripline Second-Order Factors
17.6 Review Questions
Chapter 18 Differential Pairs with No Return Paths
18.1 The Single-Ended Impedance and Location of the Return Plane
18.2 The Common Impedance and Location of the Return Path
18.3 Coupling Between the p- and n-Lines and the Return Plane
18.4 Differential Impedance of a Differential Pair and Location of the Return Plane
18.5 Return Currents in a Differential Pair with the Plane Far Away
18.6 TDR Response of a Differential Pair with a Short Gap in the Return Plane
18.7 TDR Response of a Differential Pair with a Short Gap in the Return Plane
18.8 TDR Response
18.9 Review Questions
Chapter 19 Analyzing Discontinuities and Hacking Interconnects
19.1 Electrically Short Interconnects as Discontinuities
19.2 Hacking Interconnects
19.3 The Simulation Environment: QUCS
19.4 QUCS Schematics Available for Download
19.5 Simulating a TDR
19.6 Models of Discontinuities
19.7 An Example of Hacking an Interconnect with a Launch Discontinuity (Schematic File G_LaunchC)
19.8 Avoid Mink Holes
19.9 Hacking an Interconnect with Multiple Impdances
19.10 A Transmission Line with a Small Capacitive Discontinuity
19.11 Hacking a Very Low Impedance Interconnect
19.12 Extracting Circuit Models for Termination Resistors
19.13 Review Questions
Appendix A: Answers to the Review Questions
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
References
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Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications

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