Myocardial Tissue Engineering
1st Edition
Published on 29. August 2011
X, 270 pages
978-3-642-18056-9 (ISBN)
Description
Myocardial tissue engineering (MTE), a concept that intends to prolong patients' life after cardiac damage by supporting or restoring heart function, is continuously improving. Common MTE strategies include an engineered 'vehicle', which may be a porous scaffold or a dense substrate or patch, made of either natural or synthetic polymeric materials. The function of the substrate is to aid transportation of cells into the diseased region of the heart and support their integration. This book, which contains chapters written by leading experts in MTE, gives a complete analysis of the area and presents the latest advances in the field. The chapters cover all relevant aspects of MTE strategies, including cell sources, specific TE techniques and biomaterials used. Many different cell types have been suggested for cell therapy in the framework of MTE, including autologous bone marrow-derived or cardiac progenitors, as well as embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, each having their particular advantages and disadvantages. The book covers a complete range of biomaterials, examining different aspects of their application in MTE, such as biocompatibility with cardiac cells, mechanical capability and compatibility with the mechanical properties of the native myocardium as well as degradation behaviour in vivo and in vitro. Although a great deal of research is being carried out in the field, this book also addresses many questions that still remain unanswered and highlights those areas in which further research efforts are required. The book will also give an insight into clinical trials and possible novel cell sources for cell therapy in MTE.
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Aldo R. Boccaccini | Sian Harding
Myocardial Tissue Engineering
Book
08/2011
Springer
€160.49
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Content
- Intro
- Myocardial Tissue Engineering
- Preface
- References
- Contents
- 82 Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Cardiac Tissue Engineering for Heart Regeneration
- 3.Survival and Engraftment of Transplanted Cell: Strategies to Improve Myocardial Regeneration
- 4.The Importance of Extracellular Matrix
- 5.Natural ECM for CTE Application
- 5.1 Fibrin Scaffold
- 5.2 Collagen Scaffold
- 5.3 Hyaluronic Acid
- 5.4 Alginate
- 5.5 Engineered Heart Tissue
- 6.Building a Cardiac Tissue without ECM Components: Cell-Sheet Based Engineering
- 7.Tissue Derived Extracellular Matrix
- 8.Synthetic Extracellular Matrix for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
- 9.Conclusion
- References
- 58 Inherently Bio-Active Scaffolds: Intelligent Constructs to Model the Stem Cell Niche
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Towards a Paradigm Shift
- 3.Who and Where are the Stem Cells?
- 4.Unstable Niches
- 5.Engineering Factors Which Determine Phenotype
- 6.Current Material-Based Cardiac Regeneration Strategies
- 7.Smart Materials Strategies: The IBAS Concept
- 8.Conclusion
- References
- 90 Strategies for Myocardial Tissue Engineering: The Beat Goes On
- Abstract
- 1.Background and Clinical Demand
- 1.1 Adult Cardiac Disease
- 1.2 Congenital Cardiac Disease
- 1.3 In Vitro Drug Testing
- 2.Current Strategies in Myocardial Tissue Engineering
- 2.1 Myocardial Tissue Engineering According to the Traditional Paradigm
- 2.1.1 Tissue Engineering Based on Solid Scaffolds
- Synthetic Scaffold Materials
- Biological Scaffold Materials
- Decellularized Biological Scaffolds
- 2.1.2 Tissue Engineering with Liquid- and Gel-Based Scaffolds
- 2.2 Guided Tissue Regeneration
- 2.3 Starter Matrix-Free Myocardial Tissue Engineering
- 2.4 Alternative Concepts
- 3.Current Problems
- 3.1 The Seemingly Endless Search for the Ideal Cell Source
- 3.2 At the Crossroad: The Vital Importance of Establishing a Functional Vascular Network
- 3.3 Out of Our Hands: How to Control the Fate of a Tissue Engineered Graft After Implantation?
- References
- 40 Creating Unique Cell Microenvironments for the Engineering of a Functional Cardiac Patch
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Improving In Vitro Mass Transfer by the Use of Perfusion Bioreactors
- 2.1 Perfusion Bioreactors for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
- 3.Prevascularization of Engineered Tissues
- 3.1 Engineering Microvascular Networks
- 3.2 Capillary Formation within Engineered Tissues by Ex Vivo Co-Cultures
- 3.3 The Body as a Bioreactor for Vascularization
- 4.Concluding Remarks
- References
- 45 Intramyocardial Stem Cell Transplantation Without Tissue Engineered Constructs: The Current Clinical Situation
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background for Intramyocardial Stem Cell Transplantation in Cardiac Surgery
- 3.Cell Types for Intramyocardial Stem Cell Transplantation
- 3.1 Skeletal Myoblasts
- 3.2 Bone Marrow Hematopoetic Progenitor/Stem Cells
- 3.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Bone Marrow
- 4.Stem Cell Isolation and Mode of Delivery
- 4.1 Stem Cell Isolation
- 4.2 Mode of Cell Delivery
- 5.Indications for Intramyocardial Stem Cell Transplantation
- 5.1 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
- 5.2 Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy
- 5.3 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
- 5.4 Chagas Heart Disease
- 5.5 Stem Cells and Bridge-to-Recovery/Bridge-to-Transplant
- 6.Clinical Studies
- 7.Future Perspectives
- References
- 41 Tissue Engineered Myocardium
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Evolution of Cardiac Muscle Engineering
- 2.1 Engineering of Myocardium
- 2.2 Bio-Engineering of Myocardium
- 2.3 Cell Sheets Approach
- 2.4 Repopulation of Decellularized Hearts
- 2.5 In Vivo Tissue Engineering
- 3.Cardiac Muscle Engineering Essentials
- 3.1 Biomimetic Cultures---Cells and Cell Composition
- 3.2 Biomimetic Cultures---Extracellular Matrix
- 3.3 Biomimetic Culture---Physical Stimuli
- 4.In Vitro Applications
- 4.1 Heart Muscle Development
- 4.2 Functional Genomics/Disease Modeling
- 4.3 Drug Development and Safety Assessment
- 5.In Vivo Applications
- 5.1 Repair Post Myocardial Infarction
- 5.2 Congenital Heart Disease
- 5.3 Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
- 6.Summary and Perspective
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 44 Injectable Materials for Myocardial Tissue Engineering
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Natural Injectable Materials
- 2.1 Collagen
- 2.2 Fibrin
- 2.3 Matrigel
- 2.4 Nanofibers
- 2.5 Alginate
- 2.6 Chitosan
- 2.7 Decellularized Matrices
- 2.8 Combination Materials
- 3.Synthetic Injectable Materials
- 3.1 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
- 3.2 Poly(ethylene glycol)
- 3.3 Combination Materials
- 4.Injection Delivery Methods
- 5.Conclusion
- References
- 43 Tissue Engineering Approaches for Myocardial Bandage: Focus on Hydrogel Constructs
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background
- 2.1 Bandage of the Heart
- 2.2 The Understanding of Myocardial Natural Repairs
- 3.Hydrogel Constructs
- 3.1 Injectable Hydrogels
- 3.2 Implantable Constructs
- 3.2.1 Methodology for ESMG Preparation
- 3.2.2 ESMG Implantation and In Vivo Evaluation
- 3.3 Mechanical and Electrical Culture Conditioning
- 3.3.1 Mechanical Conditioning
- 3.3.2 Electrical Conditioning
- 3.4 Smart Hydrogels
- 4.Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 42 Engineering of Multifunctional Scaffolds for Myocardial Repair Through Nanofunctionalization and Microfabrication of Novel Polymeric Biomaterials
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Novel Polymeric Biomaterials
- 2.1 Blends of Natural Polymers
- 2.2 Bioartificial Polymeric Systems
- 2.3 Thermosensitive and Bioresorbable PNIPAAm-Based Copolymers
- 3.Advanced Functionalization Techniques
- 3.1 Peptides Covalent Immobilization
- 3.2 Bioactive Molecules Release Systems
- 3.3 Molecular Imprinting Technology
- 4.Scaffolds Fabrication
- 4.1 Highly Porous Sponges
- 4.2 Mimicking the Cardiac ECM Microarchitecture Through Microfabrication Techniques
- 4.3 Injectable Systems
- 5.Development of Integrated Experimental Protocols for Guiding Stem Cell Plasticity
- 6.Conclusions
- References
- 69 Electrospun Nanocomposites and Stem Cells in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1 Current and New Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine of the Heart
- 2.The ''Tissue Engineering'' Approach: The Electrospinning Technique
- 3.The Electrospinning Approach in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
- 3.1 Cells and Scaffolds in Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Two Faces, One Coin. The Questions
- 3.2 The Electrospinning Response
- 3.2.1 The Influence of Structural Architecture in Electrospinning-Based Scaffold
- 3.2.2 The Influence of the Starting Material in Electrospinning-Based Scaffold
- 3.2.3 Biofunctionalization of Electrospun Scaffold
- 3.2.4 Heart Valve Tissue Engineering Using Electrospun-Based Scaffolds
- 4.Future Perspectives
- References
- 46 Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
- Abstract
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Aortic Valve Function
- 3.Valve Cells and Matrix
- 3.1 Valve Interstitial Cells
- 3.2 Valve Cusp Endothelial Cells
- 3.3 Valve Extracellular Matrix
- 4.Principles of Tissue Engineering a Heart Valve
- 4.1 Cell Sources
- 4.2 Choice of Scaffold Material
- 4.2.1 Decellularised Valves
- 4.2.2 Synthetic Polymers
- 4.2.3 Biological Polymers
- 4.3 In Vitro Conditioning
- 5.Future Objectives
- 5.1 Animal Testing
- 5.2 Accelerated Durability Testing
- 5.3 Valve Calcification
- 5.4 Growth Potential
- 5.5 Preparation of the Valve for Clinical Use
- 6.Summary
- References
- Author Index
