
Passive and Active Measurement
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The 20 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers demonstrate the import and extent to which measurements pervade systems - from protocols to performance to security. They are organized in the following topical sections: models and inference; security and privacy; CDNs; DNS; certificates; interdomain routing; and analyzing protocols.
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Content
- Intro
- Preface
- Organization
- Contents
- Models and Inference
- Detecting ICMP Rate Limiting in the Internet
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Modeling Rate Limited Blocks
- 2.1 Rate Limit Implementations in Commercial Routers
- 2.2 Modeling Availability
- 2.3 Modeling Response Rate
- 2.4 Modeling Alternation Count
- 3 Detecting Rate Limited Blocks
- 3.1 Input for Detection
- 3.2 Four Phases of ICMP Rate Limiting
- 3.3 Detecting Rate Limited Blocks
- 4 Results: Rate Limiting in the Wild
- 4.1 How Many Blocks Are Rate Limited in the Internet?
- 4.2 Verifying Results Hold over Time
- 4.3 Is Faster Probing Rate Limited?
- 4.4 Rate Limiting of Response Errors at Nearby Routers
- 5 Validation
- 5.1 Does the Model Match Real-World Implementations?
- 5.2 Correctness in Noise-Free Testbed
- 5.3 Correctness in the Face of Packet Loss
- 5.4 Correctness with Partially Responsive Blocks
- 6 Related Work
- 7 Conclusion
- References
- On the Characteristics of Language Tags on the Web
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Related Work
- 3 Methodology
- 4 Results
- 5 Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Narrowing the Gap Between QoS Metrics and Web QoE Using Above-the-fold Metrics
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Related Work
- 2.1 Web QoS Metrics
- 2.2 Web QoE Models
- 3 Approximating the ATF time
- 4 Modeling WebQoE
- 4.1 Dataset
- 4.2 Expert Models
- 4.3 Machine Learning
- 4.4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Security and Privacy
- Internet Protocol Cameras with No Password Protection: An Empirical Investigation
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background
- 3 Measurement Methodology and Dataset
- 4 Dynamics of insecam
- 4.1 Daily Active IP Cameras Listed on Insecam
- 4.2 Daily New Cameras Added on Insecam
- 4.3 Top Timezone with Most Cameras Collected on Insecam
- 4.4 Usage Habit of IP Cameras Within a Day
- 5 Characterization of Insecam IP Cameras
- 5.1 Top Countries and ISPs Contributing Insecam IP Cameras
- 5.2 Installation Locations of Insecam IP Cameras
- 5.3 Manufacturers of Insecam Cameras
- 5.4 TCP/UDP Ports Used by Insecam Cameras
- 5.5 Exhaust Historical IP Cameras Ever Posted on Insecam
- 6 Vulnerability Analysis of Internal Network of IP Cameras
- 6.1 Open Ports
- 6.2 Web Servers
- 7 Related Work
- 8 Conclusion
- References
- RARE: A Systematic Augmented Router Emulation for Malware Analysis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 System Design and Implementation
- 3 Evaluation
- 4 Related Work
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Revisiting the Privacy Implications of Two-Way Internet Latency Data
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Components of End-to-End Latency
- 3 Latency and Geoprivacy
- 3.1 Measurements with Atlas and MONROE
- 4 Load Telemetry
- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations
- References
- CDNs
- Fury Route: Leveraging CDNs to Remotely Measure Network Distance
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Measurement
- 2.1 Provider Granularity
- 3 Fury Route
- 4 Implementation
- 4.1 Provider Selection
- 5 Evaluation
- 5.1 Completion Rate
- 5.2 Comparison to iPlane
- 5.3 Rank Performance
- 5.4 Overhead Analysis
- 6 Related Work
- 7 Conclusions
- References
- Mobile Content Hosting Infrastructure in China: A View from a Cellular ISP
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Data and Metrics
- 2.1 Data: Passive DNS Replies
- 2.2 Content-Related Metrics
- 3 On Hosting Infrastructure
- 3.1 Content Potential of ASes
- 3.2 Content Hosting Provider Analysis
- 3.3 Summary and Discussion
- 4 Tracker Hosting Infrastructure
- 4.1 Top Trackers
- 4.2 Tracker Hosting Infrastructure
- 4.3 Summary and Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Characterizing a Meta-CDN
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Related Work
- 3 Characterizing a Meta-CDN
- 3.1 Operation Principles
- 3.2 Customers
- 4 A Global View on Cedexis
- 4.1 Infrastructure
- 4.2 How Customers Utilize Cedexis
- 4.3 Latency Perspective
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- DNS
- In rDNS We Trust: Revisiting a Common Data-Source's Reliability
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Passive Traces on rDNS: What Can We See?
- 3.1 Biases in the Passive Traces
- 3.2 Dataset Overview
- 3.3 DNS Response Codes in in-addr.arpa
- 3.4 DNS Response Codes in ip6.arpa
- 4 Passive Traces: What are rDNS Use-Cases?
- 4.1 RRtypes in Successful Answers
- 4.2 rDNS SMTP Forward Confirmation
- 4.3 Churn in Queried Reverse Names
- 5 Active rDNS Measurements: What Can We Really See?
- 5.1 Data Collection Infrastructure
- 5.2 Dataset and Toolchain Availability
- 5.3 IPv6 rDNS Dataset Collection
- 5.4 IPv4 rDNS Dataset Collection
- 5.5 Visible IPv4 Space: The Size of the Internet
- 6 Comparing Active and Passive Results
- 6.1 CNAMEs and Delegations
- 7 Conclusion
- References
- Characterization of Collaborative Resolution in Recursive DNS Resolvers
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Dataset & Methodology
- 4 Characterizing Resolver Pools by Network Properties
- 4.1 Initiator Pool Size
- 4.2 IP-Space Distribution
- 4.3 Autonomous System Distribution
- 4.4 Geographic Distance Within Pools
- 5 Classifying Resolver Pools by Behavior
- 5.1 Dual-Stack Resolvers
- 5.2 Load Balancing, Off-Loading and Other Pools
- 6 Conclusion
- References
- The Unintended Consequences of Email Spam Prevention
- 1 Introduction
- 2 SMTP and Sender Policy Framework (SPF)
- 3 Measurement Methodology
- 3.1 Ethical Considerations
- 3.2 Operation
- 3.3 SPF Configurations
- 3.4 Experimental Procedure
- 4 Analysis of Induced DNS Queries
- 4.1 SPF Deployment
- 4.2 Security of DNS Resolvers
- 5 Related Work
- 6 Recommendations
- References
- Certificates
- In Log We Trust: Revealing Poor Security Practices with Certificate Transparency Logs and Internet Measurements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background
- 3 Related Work
- 4 Methodology
- 5 Baseline Requirements
- 6 Comparing CT Log Data to Active Scans
- 6.1 Certificate Deployment and Validity
- 6.2 Legacy and Non-HTTPS Certificates in CT Logs
- 6.3 CT-Specific HTTP Headers
- 6.4 CT Logs as a Source for IP Address Hitlists
- 7 Gossiping and Inclusion Proofs
- 8 Conclusion
- References
- Server-Side Adoption of Certificate Transparency
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background
- 3 Methodology
- 4 Dataset and SCT Usage
- 5 Certificate-Based Analysis
- 6 Performance and Overhead Analysis
- 7 Related Work
- 8 Conclusions
- References
- Interdomain Routing
- Leveraging Inter-domain Stability for BGP Dynamics Analysis
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Inter-domain Stability
- 3.1 Primary Paths
- 3.2 Pseudo-events
- 3.3 Practical Primary Path Computation
- 4 BGP Dynamics
- 4.1 First Use Case: Inter-domain Tomography
- 4.2 Second Use Case: Anomaly Detection
- 5 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- The (Thin) Bridges of AS Connectivity: Measuring Dependency Using AS Hegemony
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background
- 3 Methodology
- 4 Results
- 4.1 IPv4 and IPv6 Global Graphs
- 4.2 Case Studies: Local Graphs
- 5 Conclusions
- References
- Revealing the Load-Balancing Behavior of YouTube Traffic on Interdomain Links
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Identifying Interdomain Links from YouTube Dataset
- 3.2 Descriptive Statistics
- 4 Results
- 4.1 Interconnection Between ISPs and Google
- 4.2 Destination Google AS
- 4.3 Video Cache Assignment
- 5 Conclusion
- References
- Analyzing Protocols
- A Closer Look at IP-ID Behavior in the Wild
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Background and Related Work
- 3 Methodology
- 4 IP-ID Classification
- 5 Internet Measurement Campaign
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- A First Look at QUIC in the Wild
- 1 Introduction
- 2 An Introduction to QUIC's Handshake
- 3 Availability: QUIC Server Infrastructures
- 3.1 Enumerating QUIC IPv4 Hosts
- 3.2 Enumerating QUIC Domain Names
- 4 Usage: QUIC Traffic Share
- 5 Related Work
- 6 Discussion and Conclusion
- References
- TCP CUBIC versus BBR on the Highway
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Related Work
- 3 Methodology
- 3.1 Congestion Control Algorithms
- 3.2 Experiment Setup
- 3.3 Driving Scenario
- 4 Radio Network Characteristics
- 5 CCA Performance
- 5.1 Single Trial
- 5.2 Throughput
- 5.3 Round-Trip Time
- 5.4 Throughput and SINR
- 5.5 Throughput and Handovers
- 5.6 Self-Inflicted Delay
- 5.7 Retransmission
- 5.8 Summary
- 6 Conclusions
- References
- Erratum to: In rDNS We Trust: Revisiting a Common Data-Source's Reliability
- Erratum to: Chapter "In rDNS We Trust: Revisiting a Common Data-Source's Reliability" in: R. Beverly et al. (Eds.): Passive and Active Measurement, LNCS 10771, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76481-8_10
- Author Index
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