Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics
Published on 20. March 2010
571 pages
978-0-08-096503-1 (ISBN)
Description
Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics formalizes, organizes and analyzes the relation of knowledge about language to decision-making in practice. It synthesizes research in psycholinguistics, educational linguistics and sociolinguistics, freely crossing subject fields to establish innovative and expert responses to some of the key debates in the field. Authored and compiled by leaders in their various specialties and collated and extensively re-edited from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Second Edition, this collection will be an ideal one-stop desk reference solution for any linguistics professional and researcher interested in how language operates at the leading edge.
- Authoritative review of this dynamic field placed in an interdisciplinary context
- Over 100 articles by leaders in the field
- Compact and affordable single-volume format
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Margie Berns
Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics
Book
11/2009
Elsevier
€180.50
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Content
- Front Cover
- Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics
- Copyright page
- The Editors
- Table of Contents
- Subject Classification
- Introduction
- Contributors
- Part I: Introduction to Applied Linguistics
- Applied Linguistics
- Introduction
- Overview
- History
- Applied Linguistics Today
- Bibliography
- Critical Applied Linguistics
- Doing Applied Linguistics Critically
- The Critical in Applied Linguistics
- Applied Linguistics and the Critical
- Bibliography
- Educational Linguistics
- The Emergence of Educational Linguistics
- Taking Stock of the Field
- Future Directions
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Part II: Regional Studies
- Africa
- Multilingualism and the Role of the Excolonial Languages
- Language Development: Some African Initiatives
- Translation and Interpretation
- Language Learning and Teaching
- Language Learning and Teaching: African Languages
- Academic Literacy Development in Higher Education
- Literacy
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Australasia and the Pacific
- The Domain of Applied Linguistics in the Region
- The World of Australasia and the Pacific
- The World of Applied Linguistics in the Region
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- China
- Introduction
- Historical Background
- Modern Linguistics in China
- Linguistics Applied and Applied Linguistics in Contemporary China
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Europe
- Language Planning and Policy
- Sociolinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism
- Sociolinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism
- Psycholinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism
- Final Remarks
- Bibliography
- North America
- A Brief History of Applied Linguistics in North America
- Defining and Delimiting Applied Linguistics
- Research in Applied Linguistics in North America
- Critical Perspectives in Applied Linguistics
- New Trends in Applied Linguistics in North America
- Bibliography
- South America
- Some Publications in South America
- Four Publications outside South America
- The Path of Applied Linguistics in South America: The Shadow Metaphor
- Final Remarks
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- South Asia
- Introduction
- Applied Linguistics in the Subcontinent
- Multilingualism and Language-Related Concerns
- Language Policies: Scheduled and Nonscheduled Languages
- Language and Education
- Languages in Contact
- Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature
- Computational Linguistics
- Language Disorders
- Problems in Translation
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Southeast Asia
- Applied Linguistics and the Region of Southeast Asia: Definitions
- Southeast Asia as a Linguistic Region
- From Nationalism to Nationism: The Adoption of National Languages
- Language Acquisition Planning in Multilingual Societies
- Language use in Multilingual Settings and the Question of Social Identity
- English: Its Expanding Role and Varieties
- English Language Teaching and Learning
- Bilingualism in Multilingual Societies
- Publications on Applied Linguistics in Southeast Asia
- Bibliography
- Part III: Language, Learners And Learning
- Acquisition of Second Language Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax
- Introduction
- L2 Acquisition of Phonology
- L2 Acquisition of Inflectional Morphology
- L2 Acquisition of Derivational Morphology
- L2 Acquisition of Syntax
- Bibliography
- Assessment of First Language Proficiency
- Sociopolitical Issues in First Language Proficiency Testing
- Functional and Processural Criteria for Assessing L1 Speaking, Listening, Writing, and Reading
- Beyond the Four Modalities of Language
- Integrated, Standard-Based Performance Assessment of L1 Proficiency
- Implementation and Washback of L1 Proficiency Testing
- Bibliography
- Assessment of Second Language Proficiency
- Introduction
- Developments in Validity Theory
- Evidence-Centered Design
- Developing a Language Assessment System: An Example
- Messick on Test Validation: The Social Dimension
- Bibliography
- Bilingual Lexicography
- Introduction
- A Brief History of Bilingual Lexicography
- The Techniques of Modern Bilingual Lexicography
- Working with Frameworks
- Structure of a Bilingual Entry
- Main Issues of Bilingual Lexicography
- Directionality
- Bilingual Dictionaries Today and Tomorrow
- Bibliography
- Endangered Languages
- School-Based Programs
- Outside of the Schools
- Potential Difficulties
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Grammar
- History
- The Scope of Grammar Teaching
- The Aims and Methods of Grammar Teaching
- Evaluating the Success of Grammar Teaching
- Bibliography
- Immigrant Languages
- Assimilation versus Pluralism
- Language as a Right, a Resource, or a Problem
- Minority and Majority Languages in Education
- Bibliography
- Interlanguage
- Interlanguage
- The Interlanguage Hypothesis
- Development of the Interlanguage Hypothesis to the Early 1990s
- Bibliography
- Language Assessment Standards
- Standards as the Goal
- Setting Standards
- Measuring and Reporting Standards
- Bibliography
- Languages for Specific Purposes
- Defining the Object
- Basic Distinctions: Relations between Communicators
- Traditional Approaches
- Recent Trends for the Development of the Discipline
- Bibliography
- Learning Sign Language as a Second Language
- Learning Two Languages in Infancy
- Learning Two Languages Sequentially
- Delayed L1 Learning and L2 Learning
- Bibliography
- Learners' Dictionaries
- Main Features of the MLDSummary
- In More Detail
- The Impact of Corpora
- Signs of Change
- Bibliography
- OtheReferences
- Listening in a Second Language
- Introduction
- Bottom-up Interpretation
- Interpretation and Inference
- The Context of Utterance
- Listening as 'Input' to Second Language Learning
- Bibliography
- Motivation and Attitudes in Second Language Learning
- Motivation Defined
- Attitudes Defined
- Theoretical Conceptualizations of Motivation in Second Language Learning
- Issues
- Bibliography
- Pedagogical Grammars for Second Language Learning
- Types of Grammars
- Characteristics of Pedagogical Grammars
- Pedagogical Grammar in Language Education
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Reading in a Second Language
- Introduction
- Current State of Theory
- Revisiting L1/L2 Relationships: the Transfer of Literacy and Language Knowledge
- Transferring Knowledge About Language Elements
- Transferring Language Elements: Grammar and Vocabulary
- Contextual Variables
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Second Language Attrition
- Introduction
- Theoretical Models
- Extralinguistic Factors
- Linguistic Levels
- Research Designs
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Second Language Corpus Studies
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Second Language Discourse Studies
- Discourse and SLA
- Language Identity
- Language Socialization
- Sociocultural Theory
- Bibliography
- Learning Second Language Vocabulary
- Learning Burden
- Word Form
- Word Meaning
- Word Use
- Idioms
- Learning Conditions
- Deliberate and Incidental Learning
- Involvement Load
- Negotiation
- Interference
- Massed versus Spaced Learning
- First Language Definitions
- Bibliography
- Sign Language Acquisition
- Bibliography
- Speaking in a Second Language
- Introduction
- Models and Descriptions of Second Language Speaking
- Areas of Growing Influence and Debate in the Area of Second Language Speaking
- Bibliography
- Third Language Acquisition
- Introduction. The Spread of Third Language Acquisition: Sociolinguistic Perspectives
- Differences between Second and Third Language Acquisition
- Third Language Acquisition Research
- Multilingual Competence and the Multilingual Mind
- Contribution of Third Language Acquisition Research to Applied Linguistics
- Bibliography
- Relevant Website
- Variation in Second Language Acquisition
- The L2 Grammar
- The Role of the Interfaces
- Syntactic Processing in the Second Language
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Writing in a Second Language
- Introduction
- History
- Current Status
- Future Directions
- Bibliography
- Part IV: Language, Teachers And Education
- Bilingual Education
- Introduction
- Types of Bilingual Education
- Immersion Bilingual Education
- Heritage Language Bilingual Education
- Dual Language Bilingual Education
- Bilingual Education and Politics
- Language Revitalization through Bilingual Education
- The Advantages of 'Strong' Forms of Bilingual Education
- The Effectiveness of Bilingual Education
- The English Language and Bilingual Education
- The Limitations of Bilingual Education
- Bibliography
- Classroom Talk
- Bibliography
- Communicative Language Teaching
- Linguistic Theory and Classroom Practice
- Interpretations of CLT
- CLT in the 21st Century
- Bibliography
- Computer-Assisted Language Education
- A Definition of CALL
- A Brief History of CALL
- CALL Typology
- The Future of CALL
- Professional CALL Associations
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Content Teaching and Learning
- Second Language Education
- Foreign Language Programs
- Bilingual Programs
- Instructional Practices
- Teacher Preparation
- Future Directions and Research
- Bibliography
- Culture in Language Teaching
- The Cultural Dimensions of Language Study
- New Ways of Integrating Language, Culture, History, and Identity
- Bibliography
- Education in a Former Colonial Language
- Colonization
- Political Goals of Ex-colonies
- Colonization and Educational Language Policy
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Internet and Language Education
- History of the Internet
- The Internet as Classroom
- Research and Resources: The Internet as Tool
- Activities: The Internet as Tutor
- Equality, Democracy, and the Internet
- Future
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Language Awareness
- Bibliography
- Language Education of the Deaf
- Methods
- Natural Language of Deaf Children
- The Situation Today
- Do the Methods Work?
- Bibliography
- Languages in Tertiary Education
- Languages as Medium of Tertiary-Level Teaching: Overview
- Official Language and Medium of Teaching
- Differences According to Disciplines and Levels of Teaching
- Recent Changes in the Role of English
- Problems and Attempts at Alleviation
- Foreign Language Requirements
- Bibliography
- Minority Language Education
- Definitions and Purposes
- Traditions, Continuities, Possibilities, and Controversies
- Power-Related Dimensions of Minority Languages and Their Access to Education
- Organization of Minority Language Education around the World
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Nonnative Speaker Teachers
- Introduction
- Definitions of Native and Non-native Speakers
- Non-native English-Speaking Teachers' Perceptions of Their Status and Roles
- Professional Development of Non-native English-Speaking Teachers
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Oracy Education
- Bibliography
- Pedagogy of Languages for Specific Purposes
- Specific Features of Pedagogical Contexts
- Current Trends
- Technological Influences
- Evaluation of Curriculum and Teaching
- Student Assessment
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Politics of Teaching
- Introduction
- The Politics of Mainstream Applied Linguistics
- The Politics of Critical Applied Linguistics
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Reading and Multiliteracy
- Bibliography
- Remediation of Language Disorders in Children
- Bibliography
- Second Language Curriculum Development
- Introduction
- Underpinnings of Curriculum
- Contexts of Curriculum
- Organization of Curriculum
- Information Gathering for Curriculum
- Key Questions in Curriculum
- Outcomes of Curriculum
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Second and Foreign Language Learning and Teaching
- Learning and Learners
- Teaching
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Second Language Teacher Preparation
- History and Developments
- SL Teacher Education: Defining the Knowledge Base
- Principles for Designing and Evaluating Teacher Education Programs
- Models of Teacher Education Environments
- Perspectives and Developments
- Bibliography
- Second Language Teaching Technologies
- Key Developments in the Last Decade
- Professional Factors That Affect Technology and Language Learning
- The Future
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Teacher Preparation
- The Origins of Teacher Education
- The Emergence of Language Teacher Education
- Language Teacher Education Since the 1960s
- Bibliography
- Teaching of Minority Languages
- Focus and Nomenclature
- Crossnational Perspectives on Community Language Teaching
- Beyond Bilingualism: Dealing with Multilingualism at School
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Traditions in Second Language Teaching
- Introduction
- Early Greek Education
- Roman Education
- Education in the Medieval Age
- The Rise of Universities
- Revival of Classical Studies
- Rise of the Vernacular Languages
- Toward the Modern Era
- The Lesson of Tradition
- Bibliography
- Translation Pedagogy
- Introduction: From Pedagogical Translation to Translation Pedagogy
- The Setting for Learning: Translator Education Programs
- The Emergence of Translation Pedagogy - Toward the Development of Translator Competence
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Relevant Website
- Vocabulary Program for Second or Foreign Learners
- What Vocabulary?
- How Should Words Be Dealt With?
- Learning Vocabulary Through Listening
- Learning Vocabulary Through Reading
- Deliberate Vocabulary Learning
- Learning Vocabulary Through Speaking
- Learning Vocabulary Through Writing
- Fluency Development
- Monitoring and Encouraging Progress
- Encouraging Autonomy
- Principles of Vocabulary Learning and Teaching
- Bibliography
- Part V: Applied Sociolinguistics
- Bilingualism and Second Language Learning
- Introduction
- Key Concepts
- Defining and Measuring Bilingualism
- Patterns and Mechanisms in Bilinglual Language Development
- Bilingual Education: Additive vs. Subtractive Bilingualism
- Socio-Psychological Factors
- Effects of Bilingualism
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Communicative Competence
- A Key Concept in an Emerging Sociolinguistic Tradition
- Communicative Competence in Other Domains
- Re-examining Communicative Competence
- Bibliography
- Correctness and Purism
- Definitions: Correctness and Purism
- The Appropriateness Model of Linguistic Variation
- What is a Standard Variety?
- Spoken and Written Language
- Multilingualism
- Policy vs. Practice
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Educational Failure
- Introduction
- The Nature of Group Difference
- The Language Dimension
- Language Attitudes
- Educational Responses to Disadvantage
- A Decade On
- Bibliography
- Foreign Language Teaching Policy
- Defining Foreign Languages
- Foreign Language Policy Decisions
- Categories of Countries by Linguistic Context
- Future Developments
- Bibliography
- Gender in Language Education
- Recurrent Debates about Language, Education, and Gender
- Challenges Ahead
- Bibliography
- Languages of Wider Communication
- World Language
- International Language
- Languages of Wider Communication
- Bibliography
- Language Policy in Multilingual Educational Contexts
- Global Distribution of Multilingualism
- Need for Language Policy and Planning
- Components of Language Policy
- Language Policies in Nation-States
- Language Policy beyond the Nation-State
- Language Policies at the International Level
- Linguistic Human Rights
- Typologies and Models of Multilingual Education
- Immersion
- Transitional Bilingual Education
- Weak Linkages between Language Policy and Planning
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Language Revival
- Schools and Language Revival Efforts
- Differing Contexts
- Pedagogy for Language Revitalization
- Curriculum and Language Revival
- Communicative Language Teaching and L-[r]
- Different Expectations from Pedagogy
- Final Considerations: Language Revitalization and Instructed Language Acquisition
- Bibliography
- Lingua Francas as Second Languages
- Lingua Francas and Multilingual Societies
- Lingua Francas and the Multilingual Individual
- International Lingua Franca Interactions
- Lingua Francas and Second Language Teaching
- Outlook: Current Research Trends
- Bibliography
- Linguistic Imperialism
- Bibliography
- Religion and Literacy
- Bibliography
- Multilingual Societies and Language Education
- Introduction
- Categorizing Education in Multilingual Societies
- Debates and Research on Bilingual Programs
- Bibliography
- Native Speaker
- Bibliography
- Nonstandard Language
- Historical Background
- United Nations Formulation
- Supporting Grounds
- Definitional Problem
- Various Models
- Experimental Results
- Resistance
- Community Response
- Language Rights and Pedagogical Rationale
- Bibliography
- Second Language Identity
- The Historical Context
- Theoretical Influences
- Research Trajectories
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Second Language Socialization
- Second Language Socialization
- Background and Key Concepts
- Foci and Methodologies
- Overview of Second Language Socialization Research
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Standard Language
- Standards and Conventions in Mother Tongues
- What Is Standard?
- Schools and Standard Language
- Supporting Language Development
- Bibliography
- World Englishes
- Spread and Stratification
- Concentric Circle Model
- World Englishes Speech Communities
- Process of Nativization and Englishization
- Models of Description
- Conceptual Myths
- Constructing Identities of Englishes
- World Englishes and Conceptual Frameworks
- Literary Creativity, Canonicity, and World Englishes
- The Pandora's Box and World Englishes
- Bibliography
- Part VI: Biographies
- Brown, Gillian
- Bibliography
- Catford, John C. (1917-2009)
- Bibliography
- Ferguson, Charles A. (1921-1998)
- Bibliography
- Fries, Charles Carpenter (1887-1967)
- Bibliography
- Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1911-1987)
- Bibliograpy
- Hill, Archibald A. (1902-1992)
- Bibliography
- Hornby, Albert Sidney (1898-1978)
- Bibilography
- Lado, Robert (1915-1995)
- Bibliography
- Nida, Eugene Albert (b. 1914)
- Bibliography
- Palmer, Harold Edward (1877-1949)
- Bibliography
- Passy, Paul Eacute douard (1859-1940)
- Bibliography
- Quirk, Professor The Lord Charles Randolph (b. 1920)
- Bibliography
- Relevant Websites
- Ratke, Wolfgang (1571-1635)
- Bibliography
- Richards, Ivor Armstrong (1893-1979)
- Bibliography
- Smith, Henry Lee (1913-1972)
- Bibliography
- Twaddell, William Freeman (1906-1982)
- Bibliography
- Vieumltor, Wilhelm (1850-1918)
- Bibliography
- Subject Index
