
History of Allergy
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Content
- Cover
- Front Matter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Allergy through 20 Centuries
- History of Allergy in Antiquity
- Abstract
- Mesopotamia
- Egypt
- Indigenous Populations in America
- China
- Ancient India
- Allergy in the Bible
- Greek-Roman Tradition
- Hay Fever/Rhinitis
- Herodotos
- Marcus Terentius Varro
- Asthma
- Aretaeus from Cappadocia
- Urticaria
- Food Allergy
- Eczema
- Famous Allergic Individuals in Antiquity
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- History of Allergy in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
- Abstract
- History of Medicine in the Middle Ages in the Middle East
- The Period from 1300 to 1700 BC
- The 15th and 16th Centuries
- Rose Fever
- Conclusion
- References
- Landmarks in Allergy during the 19th Century
- Abstract
- Hay Fever and Ragweed Pollinosis
- Anaphylaxis
- Asthma
- Eosinophils and Mast Cells
- References
- Milestones in the 20th Century
- Abstract
- Patients First - The First Patient's Organization for Allergy Sufferers
- Immunotherapy against Pollen and Other Allergens - The 'Backbone of Allergology'
- Anaphylaxis - The Discovery of a New Field in 1902
- The Determining Word Is Born in 1906
- Serum Sickness and the 'Case Langerhans'
- The Idea of Anaphylaxis Received Growing Interest .
- The Word 'Atopy' Has Remained to This Day
- The Transferability of an Allergy by Blood, or the Search for the 'Malefactor'
- The Transferability of an Allergy through Serum Is Proved
- Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Test
- Scientific Allergy Diagnostics
- Scratch Test
- Precursor of the Prick Test
- Intracutaneous Test
- Rub Test
- Conjunctival Provocation
- Nasal Provocation Test
- Inhalation Tests
- Discovery of IgE and Slow Reacting Substances
- Discovery of Leukotrienes
- References
- Terminology of Allergic Phenomena
- Abstract
- Idiosyncrasy
- Antipathy
- Hypersensitivity
- Anaphylaxis
- Allergy
- Atopy
- Conclusion
- References
- Most Common Allergic Diseases: Historical Reflections in Understanding
- Anaphylaxis
- Abstract
- The Voyage on the Yacht Princesse Alice II
- Pathophysiology
- References
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Abstract
- An Allergy Giant in 1873
- Terminology and Definition
- Epidemiology and Natural History
- Allergens
- Histopathology and Pathogenesis
- Symptoms
- Treatment
- References
- Asthma
- Abstract
- The Beginning in the East
- The Beginning in the West
- The Middle Ages
- Modern Times
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Atopic Dermatitis/Atopic Eczema
- Abstract
- Chronological Agenda
- Atopic Dermatitis before 1800
- Atopic Dermatitis in Willanist Dermatology
- Atopic Dermatitis as a Diathetic Prurigo
- Birth of Atopic Dermatitis
- Criteria and Scores in the Contemporary Era
- Will Semantic Discussions End?
- Pathogenic Theories and Their Therapeutic Consequences
- Humoralistic Theories and Reluctance to Treat
- Digestive Theories and Diet
- Parasitic/Bacteriological Dimension of Eczema
- Allergological Theories, Hyposensitization and Allergen Eviction
- Fear of Treatment Side Effects
- Neuropsychological Considerations
- Other Hypotheses
- Dermatological Approach and Topical Therapy
- Conclusion
- References
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Abstract
- Patch Testing - Jadassohn and Bloch
- Important Early Basic Science Discoveries
- Standard Series - Bonnevie
- Contact Dermatitis and Public Health - Ramazzini and Prosser White
- Contact Dermatitis Societies
- Improving Convenience - The TRUE Test
- Moving into the Computer Age - The CARD Database
- The Future of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Conclusion
- References
- Urticaria and Angioedema
- Abstract
- Urticaria
- Angioedema
- References
- Allergy and the Eye
- Abstract
- The Contribution of Ocular Allergy to a Better Understanding of Mechanisms of the Immune Reaction
- The Contribution of Ocular Allergy to Clinical Practice in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- How Ocular Allergy Can Contribute to a Continuing Progress of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Conclusions
- References
- History of Food Allergy
- Abstract
- Food Allergy in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Myth or Reality?
- First Documentation of Food Allergy - Skin Test as Diagnostic Routine Method
- Other Test Methods for Food Allergy Prior to the Discovery of Immunoglobulin E
- Radioallergosorbent Test - Significant Progress in the Diagnosis of Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Food Allergies
- Component-Resolved Diagnostic Techniques
- Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge - The Gold Standard and the Diagnosis of Food Allergy
- Fatal Food Allergies
- Pollen-Associated Food Allergies and the 'Oral Allergy Syndrome'
- 'Derivative Allergy' - A Rare Pathway of Elicitation of Food Allergy
- Food-Induced/Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis
- Oral Desensitization - Long Controversial, but Now Established
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Drug Hypersensitivity
- Abstract
- Drug Hypersensitivity - The Emergence of New Disorders
- Terminology - An Ongoing Controversy
- Early History - Poisons and Placebos
- 19th Century - The Dawn of Drug Hypersensitivity
- Drug-Induced Syndromes - The Bad and the Ugly
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- Ampicillin Rash
- Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome
- Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis
- Hoigné Syndrome
- Selected Drugs
- Halogenated Drugs - Iodine and Bromides
- Analgesics
- Salvarsan
- Anticonvulsants
- Sulfonamides
- Penicillin
- p -Amino Benzoic Acid
- Outlook
- References
- Aspirin Hypersensitivity
- Abstract
- The Discovery of Aspirin
- Hypersensitivity Reactions to ASA and NSAIDs
- Conclusions
- References
- Bradykinin-Mediated Diseases
- Abstract
- Inhibition of Bradykinin Degradation by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
- Hereditary Angioedema
- C1 Inhibitor as Inhibitor of the Bradykinin-Forming Cascade
- The Myth of C2-Kinin
- Bradykinin Is the Mediator of Hereditary Angioedema
- Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema
- Future Considerations
- References
- Mechanisms of Allergy: Important Discoveries
- The Discovery of Immunoglobulin E and Its Role in Allergy
- Abstract
- The Search for the Elusive Factor
- IgE and the Allergic Inflammation
- Allergy Diagnosis
- Treatment
- The Beneficial Function of IgE
- References
- T Cell Subpopulations
- Abstract
- Effector CD4+ T Cells
- Regulatory CD4+ T Cells
- Role of T Cell Subsets in Allergic Disorders
- Role of Innate Immunity in Allergic Disorders
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Mast Cell Research
- Abstract
- Discovery of Histamine in Mast Cells/Basophils
- Discovery of IgE Receptors on Mast Cells/Basophils
- Discovery of Mast Cell Origin and the Culture Methods
- Mast Cell Phenotypes
- Discovery of Cytokine Production by Mast Cells
- Future Perspective
- References
- Basophils: Historical Reflections and Perspectives
- Abstract
- The Different Eras of Basophil Biology
- Activating Receptors on Human Basophils
- Inhibitory Receptors on Human Basophils
- Mediators
- Histamine-Releasing Factor
- Basophils as Potential Inducers of Type 2 Immunity
- Basophils as Antigen-Presenting Cells: An Unsettled Controversy
- Human Basophils and Angiogenesis
- Basophils in Immunity against Parasites
- Bidirectional Interactions between Bacteria and Basophils
- Basophils and Viral Infections
- Basophils and Autoimmune Disorders
- Basophils in Allergic Disorders
- Conclusions and Perspectives
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Eosinophils
- Abstract
- The Discovery
- The Origin of the Eosinophil and Its Granules: Different Views over Time
- Eosinophil-Mediated Diseases
- The Functions of the Eosinophil: Different Views over Time
- Conclusions
- References
- The Bradykinin-Forming Cascade: A Historical Perspective
- Abstract
- Factor XII
- Prekallikrein
- Kininogen
- Binding to Endothelial Cells
- A Surprise: Prekallikrein Is an Enzyme
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Histamine Receptors and Antihistamines: From Discovery to Clinical Applications
- Abstract
- The Discovery of Histamine
- The Synthesis of the First Antihistamines and the Identification of H 1 R
- The Identification of H 2 R and the Synthesis of the First H 2 Blockers
- Histamine in the Brain
- Cloning of H 1 R, H 2 R and H 3 R, and Generation of Histamine Receptor Knockout Mice
- Identification and Cloning of H 4 R
- Closing Thoughts
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Detection of Environmental Influences and Allergens
- Pollen and Pollinosis
- Abstract
- Analysis of Airborne Pollen and Pollen Allergens
- First Descriptions of the Disease
- Monitoring and Monitoring Networks
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Mites and Allergy
- Abstract
- Allergens from House Dust Mites
- Allergens from Storage Mites
- Cross-Reactivity of Mite Allergens
- Effect of Parasitic Infections on Mite Allergy
- Environmental Control
- Mite Immunotherapy
- References
- Mammalian Airborne Allergens
- Abstract
- Mammalian Allergens and the Identification of 'the House Dust Allergen'
- The Postulated Role of Maillard Reaction Products
- Developments in Technologies for the Characterization of Allergens
- Persistent Contaminants and Mind-Boggling Complexities
- The Lipocalin Family
- The Secretoglobin Family
- Perspective: From Dust Back to Dust
- References
- The Latex Story
- Abstract
- Latex as a Rubber and Protein Source
- History of Latex Allergy - When Did the Problems Start?
- Who Were at Risk? Risk Factors and Epidemiology Aspects
- Characterization of Relevant Allergens
- Latex-Fruit/Plant Syndrome - Problems with Cross-Reactivity
- Latex as a Model for Molecular Allergology - How to Improve the Diagnosis?
- Preventive Measures - Successful Avoidance Strategy
- References
- Peanut Allergens
- Abstract
- Prevalence of Peanut Allergy
- Geographical Origin of Peanuts
- Class I Food Allergy
- Class II Food Allergies
- Allergens of Peanut
- Peanut Agglutinin and Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Environmental Pollution and Allergy: Historical Aspects
- Abstract
- Epidemiological Studies
- Aerobiological Studies
- In vitro Studies
- Animal Experiments
- Clinical Studies
- The Concept of 'Allergotoxicology'
- References
- Farmers and Their Environment: Protective Influences of the Farming Environment against the Development of Allergies
- Abstract
- Farmers and Their Environment
- Agriculture, the Art of Adaptation
- Drying
- Wrapping
- Mechanical Technology
- Allergology
- References
- Progress in Allergy Management
- History of Catecholamine Research
- Abstract
- Adrenaline in the Adrenal Medulla: Preludes
- Adrenaline in the Adrenal Medulla: Oliver and Schäfer, 1893/1894
- Adrenaline in the Adrenal Medulla: Independent Discoverers
- Chemistry
- Catecholamine Neurotransmitters: Adrenaline
- Formation and Destruction
- Catecholamine Neurotransmitters: Noradrenaline
- Catecholamine Neurotransmitters: Dopamine
- Membrane Passage
- Receptors
- References
- Antihistamines
- Abstract
- The Discovery of Antihistamines
- The Discovery of H2 , H3 and H4 Antihistamines
- First- and Second-Generation H1 Antihistamines
- H1 Antihistamines and the Central Nervous System
- H1 Antihistamines and Cardiotoxicity
- The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of H1 Antihistamines
- H1 Antihistamines Are Not Receptor Antagonists but Are Inverse Agonists
- Conclusions
- References
- Glucocorticoids
- Abstract
- Early Studies with Glucocorticoids
- First Controlled Trial of Glucocorticoid in Asthma
- Inhaled Glucocorticoids
- Combination Inhalers
- Mechanisms of Action
- Future Directions
- References
- Chromones
- Abstract
- Background
- The Chromones
- References
- Characterization and Standardization of Allergen Extracts
- Abstract
- The Beginning
- The First Purified Allergen Molecules
- Standardization Becomes International
- The Nomenclature of Allergens
- New Attempts for Allergen Standardization
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy
- Abstract
- Spread of Immunotherapy
- Proof of Efficacy
- Improvement in Allergen Extracts
- Disease Modification by Immunotherapy
- Immunologic Mechanisms
- Alternative Approaches to Immunotherapy
- Additional Allergic Conditions Treated with Immunotherapy
- References
- Pioneers of Allergy: Personal Reflections
- K. Frank Austen
- Questions about your professional life
- John Bienenstock
- Questions about your professional life
- Kurt Blaser
- Questions about your professional life
- Alain de Weck (1928-2013)
- Questions about your professional life
- Reference
- Alfred William Frankland
- Questions about your professional life
- Oscar L. Frick
- Reflections on my career in allergy immunology
- Kimishige Ishizaka
- Questions about your professional life
- Lothar Jäger
- Questions about your professional life
- Terumasa Miyamoto
- Questions about your professional life
- Harry Morrow Brown (1917-2013)
- One of the last of the independent researchers?
- References
- Albert K. Oehling
- Questions about your professional life
- Heimo Reulecke
- Questions about your professional life
- Václav Spicák
- Questions about your professional life
- Allergy Societies and Collections
- American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI)
- Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthmaand Clinical Immunology
- Collegium Internationale Allergologicum
- The Concept
- Symposia
- Reference
- European Academy ofAllergy and Clinical Immunology
- Japanese Society of Allergology
- Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología
- World Allergy Organization
- AAAAI Archives
- The Ilya Mechnikov Collection in Riga
- References
- Online Supplementary Material
- Movie 1: Anaphylaxie et Allergie
- Movie 2: World Allergy: The Disease of Civilization
- List of Illustrations / Figure Credits
- Subject Index
- Cover
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For more information, see our eBook Help page.