Wireless Positioning Technologies and Applications, 2nd Edition

Name: Wireless Positioning Technologies and Applications, 2nd Edition
Brand: Artech House
Price: 142.99 EUR
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Alan Bensky(Author)

Artech House (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 31. March 2016

424 pages

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978-1-60807-952-0 (ISBN)

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Intro
Wireless Positioning Technologies and Applications Second Edition
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Fundamentals and Terms
1.1.1 Basic Measurements
1.1.2 Terms
1.2 Applications
1.2.1 Cellular Networks
1.2.2 Person and Asset Tracking
1.2.3 Wireless Network Security
1.2.4 Location-Based Advertising
1.2.5 Location Services for Vehicles and Traffic
1.2.6 New and Developing Wireless Location Applications and Technologies
1.3 Overview of Distance Measurement and Location Methods
1.4 Organization of the Book
References
Chapter 2 Basic Principles and Applications
2.1 Signal Parameters
2.1.1 Time Resolution
2.1.2 Pulse Width and Duty Cycle
2.1.3 Bandwidth
2.1.4 Noise
2.1.5 Pulse Compression
2.2 Basics of Location
2.2.1 Rho-Theta
2.2.2 Theta-Theta or AOA
2.2.3 Rho-Rho or TOA
2.2.4 TDOA and Hyperbolic Curves
2.3 Errors and Accuracy Measures and Error Estimation
2.3.1 Statistical Measures of Accuracy
2.3.2 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)
2.4 Navigation Systems
2.4.1 DME
2.4.2 VOR
2.4.3 Loran-C
2.4.4 eLoran
2.4.5 DECCA
2.4.6 OMEGA
2.4.7 Transit
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Spread Spectrum and OFDM
3.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
3.1.1 Transmitter and Receiver Configurations for DSSS
3.1.2 DSSS Waveforms
3.1.3 Despreading and Correlation
3.1.4 Code Sequence Generation
3.1.5 Synchronization
3.1.6 Velocity Estimation
3.2 Acquisition
3.2.1 Code Acquisition
3.2.2 Carrier Acquisition
3.2.3 Code Rate Matching
3.2.4 Effect of Data Modulation on Acquisition
3.2.5 Radiometric Detection
3.3 Tracking
3.3.1 Carrier Tracking
3.3.2 Code Tracking
3.4 Measurement of Elapsed Time
3.4.1 One-Way Systems
3.4.2 Two-Way Systems
3.4.3 The Time Measurement Process
3.4.4 High-Resolution Elapsed Time-Measuring Receiver
3.4.5 Duplex and Half-Duplex Two-Way Ranging Examples
3.4.6 Sequence Length and Chip Period
3.5 Propagation Time Resolution
3.5.1 Tracking Accuracy and Noise
3.5.2 Multipath
3.5.3 Increased Range Resolution Using Carrier Phase
3.6 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
3.7 OFDM Synchronization
3.7.1 Correlation
3.7.2 802.11 Synchronization
3.8 LTE Principle of Operation
3.8.1 LTE Synchronization
3.8.2 LTE Positioning
3.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Multicarrier Phase of Arrival
4.1 Principle of Multicarrier Phase Measurement
4.2 Phase Slope Method
4.3 Phase Error Versus Signal-to-Noise Ratio
4.4 Estimation of Distance Variance Versus SNR
4.5 Multipath
4.6 System Implementation
4.6.1 Phase Difference Measurements and Analogy to TDOA
4.6.2 Phase of Arrival in Passive Reflection Link
4.7 OFDM
4.7.1 The Basics of OFDM
4.7.2 OFDM Distance Measurement
4.7.3 Location Based on OFDM Distance Measurement
4.7.4 Resolution of OFDM Distance Measurement
4.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Received Signal Strength
5.1 Advantages and Problems in RSS Location
5.2 Propagation Laws
5.2.1 Free Space
5.2.2 Open Field
5.2.3 Logarithmic Approximation
5.2.4 Randomizing Term X
5.2.5 Outdoor Path Loss Versus Distance
5.2.6 Finding Range from Received Signal Strength
5.3 RSS Location Methods
5.3.1 RSS Location from Range Estimations
5.3.2 RSS Location Based on Database Comparison
5.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Time of Arrival and Time Difference of Arrival
6.1 Time Transfer
6.1.1 Time Transfer Basics
6.1.2 Calibration Constants
6.1.3 Range Uncertainty
6.1.4 Uses of Two-Way Time Transfer
6.2 TOA Methods of Location
6.2.1 Overdetermined TOA Equation Solution
6.2.2 TOA Method in GPS Positioning
6.3 TDOA
6.3.1 TDOA Measurement Techniques
6.3.2 Multilateral and Unilateral Topologies for TDOA
6.3.3 TDOA Geometric Model
6.3.3 TDOA Examples
6.4 Performance Impairment
6.4.1 Uncertainties in Data Measurement
6.4.2 Random Noise
6.4.3 Dilution of Precision (DOP)
6.4.4 Multipath
6.4.5 Cochannel Interference
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Angle of Arrival
7.1 Triangulation
7.2 Antenna Performance Terms and Definitions
7.3 Finding Direction from Antenna Patterns
7.4 Direction-Finding Methods
7.4.1 Amplitude Comparison
7.4.2 Phase Interferometer
7.5 Electronically Steerable Beam Antennas
7.6 ESPAR Antenna Array
7.7 Super-Resolution
7.8 Direction Finding with MIMO
7.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Satellite Positioning
8.1 GPS Basics
8.2 GPS Modernization
8.3 Global Navigation Satellite Systems
8.4 GNSS Position Estimation
8.5 Differential GNSS
8.6 Carrier Phase Positioning
8.6.1 Single Differencing
8.6.2 Double Differencing
8.7 GNSS Data Output Format
8.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Cellular Networks
9.1 Cellular Location-Based Services
9.2 Categories of Location Systems
9.3 E911 Call Location Requirements
9.4 Cellular Network Fundamentals
9.4.1 GSM Transmissions
9.4.2 CDMA
9.4.3 UMTS
9.5 Cell ID
9.6 GPS Cellular Positioning
9.7 Location Technologies Using TDOA
9.7.1 Enhanced Observed Time Differences (E-OTD)
9.7.2 Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA)
9.7.3 Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (U-TDOA)
9.8 Angle of Arrival (AOA)
9.9 Received Signal Strength and Pattern Recognition
9.10 Problems and Solutions in Cellular Network Positioning
9.10.1 Narrowband Networks
9.10.2 CDMA
9.10.3 GSM
9.11 LTE Positioning
9.12 Accuracy Factors
9.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Short-Range Wireless Networks and RFID
10.1 WLAN/Wi-Fi
10.1.1 TOA
10.1.2 TDOA Methods for WLAN Location
10.1.3 Fingerprinting
10.2 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
10.2.1 Bluetooth
10.2.2 ZigBee
10.2.3 Alternate Low-Rate WPAN Physical Layer IEEE 802.15.4a
10.2.4 ECMA-368 Standard
10.3 RFID
10.3.1 Proximity Location
10.3.2 UHF RFID with Reference Tags
10.3.3 RFID Location with TOF and AOA
10.3.4 Distance Bounding for Security
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Ultrawideband (UWB)
11.1 Telecommunication Authority Regulations
11.1.1 FCC Regulations
11.1.2 UWB in the European Community
11.2 UWB Implementation
11.2.1 Impulse Radio UWB
11.2.2 OFDM
11.3 IEEE 802.15.4a for Ranging
11.3.1 Physical Layer Characteristics and Synchronization
11.3.2 Ranging Protocol
11.4 Dealing with Multipath and Nonline of Sight
11.4.1 Multipath
11.4.2 Nonline of Sight
11.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Complementary and Developing Technologies
12.1 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
12.2 Kalman Filter
12.2.1 Basic Kalman Filter
12.2.2 Extended Kalman Filter
12.3 MIMO Positioning
12.3.1 MIMO Principles
12.3.2 MIMO Positioning
12.4 Data Fusion
12.4.1 Hybrid Systems
12.4.2 Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)
12.4.3 Data Fusion with INS
12.5 Near-Field Positioning
12.6 Conclusion
References
Acronyms and Abbreviations
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