Economics and Operational Research
Published on 10. May 2014
184 pages
978-1-4832-6874-3 (ISBN)
Description
Economics and Operational Research explores the possible connections of the organization of human and material resources by concentrating on the interpretations of management decisions at various levels in the economy. This book discusses economics and mathematics as an analytical tool. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of how consumers manage their own budgets and how manufacturers select their production processes. This text then described generally how consumers and producers react to each other. Other chapters consider the problem of the transportation of goods through busy road networks and the efficiency attained through central planning. This book discusses as well the control of congestion that arises through decentralization and the construction of an overall planning model. The final chapter discusses the important aspects of national planning, wherein the collection of all consumers and producers makes up one large economic system. This book is a valuable resource for management and engineering personnel.
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Content
Preface1 Introduction2 Consumer Behaviour 2.1 Description of Tastes and Preferences 2.2 Basic Assumptions 2.3 A Two-good Example 2.4 A General Model of Demand 2.5 A Generalized Model of Consumer Behaviour 2.6 A Time Allocation Model3 Production Planning 3.1 Meeting a Production Target 3.2 Activity Analysis 3.3 Searching for Improvement 3.4 The Optimal Position4 Computation and Valuation 4.1 The Simplex Method 4.2 Derivation of the Supply Curve 4.3 Value at the Margin 4.4 A Decomposition Algorithm5 Behaviour of the Firm 5.1 Economic Models of the Firm 5.2 Perfect Competition 5.3 Non-linearities; Variable Returns to Scale and Monopolies 5.4 Market Games 5.5 Alternative Objectives6 Transport Planning 6.1 The Transportation Problem 6.2 The Interpretation of Shadow Costs 6.3 Problems of Traffic Planning 6.4 Application to Urban Planning Problems7 Traffic Control 7.1 A Bid System 7.2 A Ballot System 7.3 Congestion of Road Space 7.4 Choice of Time of Travel8 Models of Location 8.1 Location and Economic Rent 8.2 Location of Industrial Activity within a Region 8.3 Distribution of Residential Activity 8.4 A Model of Industrial Location and Trade Between Regions9 Linear Techniques and the Economy 9.1 A Complete Productive System 9.2 Perfectly Competitive Equilibrium 9.3 Input-Output Analysis10 Consideration of Time 10.1 Consumer Behaviour 10.2 Production Planning 10.3 Growth in the EconomyReferences and Further ReadingAppendix A: Mathematical NotesAppendix B: Mathematical Programming: SummaryIndex
