Basic Mechanisms of Cellular Secretion

Name: Basic Mechanisms of Cellular Secretion
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Published on 18. March 1982

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978-0-08-085921-7 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 23
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction
Text
References
Part I: Protein Synthesis and Posttranslational Modifications
Chapter 2. Synthesis and Assembly of Transmembrane Viral and Cellular Glycoproteins
I. Introduction
II. Transmembrane Biosynthesis of the VSV G Protein
III. Interaction of Glycoprotein mRNA and Microsomal Membranes
IV. Biogenesis of Two Sindbis Virus Glycoproteins
V. Interaction of Nascent Sindbis Glycoprotein and the Endoplasmic Reticulum
VI. Movement of Transmembrane Viral Glycoproteins from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Plasma Membrane
VII. Processing of the Asparagine-Linked Oligosaccharide Chains of VSV
VIII. Mutants in G Defective in Maturation
References
Chapter 3. The Genetics of Protein Secretion in Escherichia coli
I. Introduction
II. Genetics of Protein Secretion
III. Gene Fusions in the Study of Secretion
IV. Deleterious Effects of Hybrid Protein Synthesis on Bacterial Growth
V. Isolation of MBP and ?rec Signal Sequence Mutants
VI. Amino Acid Changes in Signal Sequence Mutants
VII. Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Import of Proteins into Mitochondria
I. Introduction
II. F1-Subunits Are Made as Larger Precursors
III. Cytochrome bc1-Subunits and Cytochrome c Peroxidase Are Made as Larger Precursors
IV. Import of These Cytoplasmically Synthesized Proteins into Mitochondria
V. Concluding Remarks on Transport
VI. Energy Dependence of Processing and Transport
References
Chapter 5. Biosynthesis of Pre-proparathyroid Hormone
I. Introduction
II. Materials and Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
References
Chapter 6. Biosynthesis of Insulin und Glucagon
I. Introduction
II. Insulin Biosynthesis
III. Glucagon Biosynthesis
References
Chapter 7. Synthesis and Processing of Asparagine-Linked Oligosaccharides of Glycoproteins
I. Introduction
II. Oligosaccharide-Lipid
III. Protein Glycosylation
IV. Glycoprotein Processing
References
Chapter 8. Glycosylation Steps Involved in Processing of Pro-Corticotropin-Endorphin in Mouse Pituitary Tumor Cells
I. Introduction
II. Approaches Used to Study Proteolytic Processing and Glycosylation of the Precursor in Mouse Pituitary Tumor Cells
III. Intermediate and End Products of Processing of Pro-ACTH-Endorphin
IV. Details of Glycosylation Steps Involved in Processing of Pro-ACTH-Endorphin
V. Use of the Glycosylation Inhibitor, Tunicamycin, to Determine If Cleavage Sites Are Specified by Oligosaccharides
VI. Structure of the ACTH-Endorphin Peptides from Tunicamycin-Treated Cells
References
Chapter 9. Posttranslational Events in Collagen Biosynthesis
I. Introduction
II. Genetic Types of Collagen
III. Posttranslational Modifications
IV. Role of Posttranslational Modifications in the Secretory Process
V. Disorders of Collagen Secretion
References
Part II: Transport and Packaging in the Golgi Region
Chapter 10. The Golgi Apparatus: Protein Transport and Packaging in Secretory Cells
I. Introduction
II. Transport from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Apparatus
III. Transport through the Golgi Apparatus
IV. Secretory Granule Formation
V. Maturation of Secretory Granules
VI. Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Three-Dimensional Structure of the Golgi Apparatus
I. Introduction
II. Architecture of the Golgi Apparatus in Neurons
III. The Golgi Apparatus of Sertoli Cells
IV. The Golgi Apparatus of Spermatids
V. Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 12. Steps in the Elaboration of Collagen by Odontoblasts and Osteoblasts
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results and Discussion
IV. General Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Role of the 6-Phosphomannosyl-Enzyme Receptor in Intracellular Transport and Adsorptive Pinocytosis of Lysosomal Enzymes
I. Introduction
II. Evidence for Mannose 6-Phosphate in the "Common Recognition Marker" for Uptake of Lysosomal Enzymes
III. Direct Evidence for Mannose 6-Phosphate on High-Uptake Lysosomal Enzymes
IV. Are Other Structural Features Involved in Enzyme Recognition?
V. Alternatives to the Secretion-Recapture Hypothesis for Enzyme Transport
VI . The Intracellular Pathway for Receptor-Mediated Segregation of Lysosomal Enzymes
VII. Evidence That Cell-Surface Receptors Must Recycle
VIII. Chloroquine and Other Amines Impair Receptor Reutilization
IX. Mannose 6-Phosphate May Affect Processing of Oligosaccharide Chains on Lysosomal Hydrolases
X. Generality of the Receptor-Mediated Pathway for 6-Phosphomannosyl Enzymes
XI. The Relationship of the Phosphomannosyl Recognition Marker to the "Secretory Pathway" and the "Signal Hypothesis"
XII. Alternative Routes for Acid Hydrolases in Mammalian Cells
XIII. Summary Statement and Model for Receptor-Mediated Transport of Lysosomal Enzymes
References
Part III: Translocation of Secretory Granules
Chapter 14. Actin Filaments and Secretion: The Macrophage Model
I. Introduction
II. Evidence for Participation of Actin Microfilaments in Secretion
III. Microfilament Rearrangement and Secretion in Macrophages
References
Chapter 15. The Effect of Colchicine on the Synthesis and Secretion of Rat Serum Albumin
I. Introduction
II. Plasma Protein (Albumin) Secretion by Liver Slices
III. In Vivo Effects of Colchicine on Secretion
IV. Hepatocyte Morphology
V. Effect of Colchicine on Protein Synthesis
VI. Discussion
References
Chapter 16. Effects of Antimitotic Agents on Ultrastructure and Intracellular Transport of Protein in Pancreatic Acini
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
References
Chapter 17. The Role of Microtubules and Microfilaments in Lysosomal Enzyme Release from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
I. Introduction
II. Morphology of Secretion
III. Morphometry of Microtubule Assembly in Vivo
IV. The Role of Calcium
V. Summary
References
Part IV: Exocytosis
Chapter 18. Exocytosis-Endocytosis as Seen with Morphological Probes of Membrane Organization
I. Introduction
II. Exocytosis-Thin Sections
III. Exocytosis-Freeze-Fracture
IV. Endocytosis
V. Summary and Conclusions
VI. Addendum
References
Chapter 19. Comparison of Compound with Plasmalemmal Exocytosis in Limulus Amebocytes
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
References
Chapter 20. Role of Ions and Intracellular Proteins in Exocytosis
I. Introduction
II. Synexin and Calcium Action
III. Chemistry of Chemiosmotic Lysis of Isolated Chromaffin Granules
IV. Exocytosis from Chromaffin and Other Cells
V. Conclusion
References
Note Added in Proof
Chapter 21. Studies of Isolated Secretion Granules of the Rabbit Parotid Gland. Ion-Induced Changes in Membrane Integrity
I. Introduction
II. Calcium-Specific Lysis of Secretion Granules
III. Phospholipase A2 Activity Associated with Granules
IV. Activation of Endogenous Phospholipid Hydrolysis
References
Chapter 22. Analysis of the Secretory Process in the Exocrine Pancreas by Two-Dimensional Isoelectric Focusing/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Gel Electrophoresis
I. Introduction
II. Secretory Product
III. Secretory Pathway
IV. Posttranslational Processing and Identification of Gene-Specific Products
V. Messenger RNA-Directed Protein Synthesis: Effect of Carbamylcholine Stimulation
VI. Discharge of Exocrine Pancreatic Proteins: Parallel vs Nonparallel
References
Chapter 23. Inhibition of Enzyme Secretion and Autophagy of Secretory Granules Caused by Action of High Concentration of Secretory Hormones on Rat Pancreatic Slices
I. Introduction
II. Does the Inhibition of Enzyme Secretion Induced by High Concentration of Secretagogues Occur at the Receptor Level?
III. Ultrastructural Changes in Pancreatic Slices Incubated in the Presence of High Concentrations of Secretagogues
IV. Secretagogue-Induced Lysosomal Activation and Production of a Myocardial Depressant Factor in Rat Pancreatic Slices
V. Autophagy of Secretory Granules by the Lysosomal System Induced by Supraoptimal Concentration of Secretagogues
VI. Summary
References
Part V: Membrane Dynamics
Chapter 24. Membrane Circulation: An Overview
I. Introduction
II. Membrane Routes and Cycles
III. Some Unresolved Issues
IV. Final Comments
References
Chapter 25. Membrane Recycling in Secretory Cells: Implications for Traffic of Products and Specialized Membranes within the Golgi Complex
I. Introduction
II. General Background
III. Studies on Exocrine Cells of the Parotid and Lacrimal Glands Using Dextrans
IV. Studies on Anterior Pituitary Cells Using Anionic and Cationic Ferritins
V. Pathways Followed by Surface Membrane in Plasma Cells and Myeloma Cells
VI. General Conclusions and Implications of Findings
VII. Summary and Conclusions
References
Note Added in Proof
Chapter 26. Membrane Retrieval in Exocrine Acinar Cells
I. Introduction
II. Membrane Retrieval at the Apical Cell Surface
III. Membrane Retrieval at the Lateral and Basal Cell Surfaces
IV. Conclusions
References
Chapter 27. Membrane Synthesis and Turnover in Secretory Cell Systems
I. Introduction
II. Studies on the Biogenesis and Turnover of NADH-Cytochrome b5 Reductase
III. Conclusions
References
Part VI: Activation of the Secretory Response
Chapter 28. The "Secretory Code" of the Neutrophil
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results and Discussion
IV. Conclusion
References
Chapter 29. Aspects of the Calcium Hypothesis of Stimulus-Secretion Coupling: Electrical Activity in Adenohypophyseal Cells, and Membrane Retrieval after Exocytosis
I. The Calcium Hypothesis of Stimulus-Secretion Coupling
II. Calcium as a Secretagogue
III. Different Sources of Calcium Ions: Influx, Mobilization and Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels
IV. Electrical Events in Endocrine Cells
V. Calcium, Compound Exocytosis, and the Exocytosis-Vesiculation Sequence: Possible Involvement of Calcium in Membrane Retrieval
References
Chapter 30. Relationship between Receptors, Calcium Channels, and Responses in Exocrine Gland Cells
I. Introduction
II. Receptors, Calcium, and K Efflux
III. Receptor Stoichiometry
IV. Phospholipids and Calcium Gates
V. Conclusions
References
Chapter 31. Membrane Potential and Conductance Changes Evoked by Hormones and Neurotransmitters in Mammalian Exocrine Gland Cells
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. The Resting Membrane Potential
IV. Cell-to-Cell Coupling
V. The Resting Specific Membrane Conductance and Capacitance
VI. Effects of Stimulation
VII. Role of Secretagogue-Evoked Membrane Permeability Changes in Secretion
References
Note Added in Proof
Chapter 32. Development of Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Salivary Glands
I. Introduction
II. Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
References
Part VII: Conclusions
Chapter 33. Summary and Perspectives
I. Introduction
II. Synthesis and Segregation of Secretory Proteins (Steps 1 and 2)
III. Intracellular Transport of Proteins from the RER to Other Way Stations (Step 3)
IV. Concentration of Secretory Products and Temporary Storage (Steps 4 and 5)
V. Exocytosis and Subsequent Events (Step 6)
References
Index
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