
Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis
Description
Alles über E-Books | Antworten auf Fragen rund um E-Books, Kopierschutz und Dateiformate finden Sie in unserem Info- & Hilfebereich.
Reviews / Votes
"Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis provides acomprehensive and unified approach to factor analysis and latentvariable modeling from a statistical perspective." (Mathematical Reviews, 2012)"Statistical techniques to study the nature and interpretation of alatent variable should be highly useful for researchers andpractitioners across several fields. The third edition of this bookis comprehensive and provides a solid foundation for understandingthese techniques, and is strongly recommended." (Book Pleasures,2012)More details
Other editions
Additional editions


Persons
Content
- Intro
- Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Basic ideas and examples
- 1.1 The statistical problem
- 1.2 The basic idea
- 1.3 Two examples
- 1.3.1 Binary manifest variables and a single binary latent variable
- 1.3.2 A model based on normal distributions
- 1.4 A broader theoretical view
- 1.5 Illustration of an alternative approach
- 1.6 An overview of special cases
- 1.7 Principal components
- 1.8 The historical context
- 1.9 Closely related fields in statistics
- 2 The general linear latent variable model
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 The model
- 2.3 Some properties of the model
- 2.4 A special case
- 2.5 The sufficiency principle
- 2.6 Principal special cases
- 2.7 Latent variable models with non-linear terms
- 2.8 Fitting the models
- 2.9 Fitting by maximum likelihood
- 2.10 Fitting by Bayesian methods
- 2.11 Rotation
- 2.12 Interpretation
- 2.13 Sampling error of parameter estimates
- 2.14 The prior distribution
- 2.15 Posterior analysis
- 2.16 A further note on the prior
- 2.17 Psychometric inference
- 3 The normal linear factor model
- 3.1 The model
- 3.2 Some distributional properties
- 3.3 Constraints on the model
- 3.4 Maximum likelihood estimation
- 3.5 Maximum likelihood estimation by the E-M algorithm
- 3.6 Sampling variation of estimators
- 3.7 Goodness of fit and choice of q
- 3.7.1 Model selection criteria
- 3.8 Fitting without normality assumptions: least squares methods
- 3.9 Other methods of fitting
- 3.10 Approximate methods for estimating
- 3.11 Goodness of fit and choice of q for least squares methods
- 3.12 Further estimation issues
- 3.12.1 Consistency
- 3.12.2 Scale-invariant estimation
- 3.12.3 Heywood cases
- 3.13 Rotation and related matters
- 3.13.1 Orthogonal rotation
- 3.13.2 Oblique rotation
- 3.13.3 Related matters
- 3.14 Posterior analysis: the normal case
- 3.15 Posterior analysis: least squares
- 3.16 Posterior analysis: a reliability approach
- 3.17 Examples
- 4 Binary data: latent trait models
- 4.1 Preliminaries
- 4.2 The logit/normal model
- 4.3 The probit/normal model
- 4.4 The equivalence of the response function and underlying variable approaches
- 4.5 Fitting the logit/normal model: the E-M algorithm
- 4.5.1 Fitting the probit/normal model
- 4.5.2 Other methods for approximating the integral
- 4.6 Sampling properties of the maximum likelihood estimators
- 4.7 Approximate maximum likelihood estimators
- 4.8 Generalised least squares methods
- 4.9 Goodness of fit
- 4.10 Posterior analysis
- 4.11 Fitting the logit/normal and probit/normal models: Markov chain Monte Carlo
- 4.11.1 Gibbs sampling
- 4.11.2 Metropolis-Hastings
- 4.11.3 Choosing prior distributions
- 4.11.4 Convergence diagnostics in MCMC
- 4.12 Divergence of the estimation algorithm
- 4.13 Examples
- 5 Polytomous data: latent trait models
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 A response function model based on the sufficiency principle
- 5.3 Parameter interpretation
- 5.4 Rotation
- 5.5 Maximum likelihood estimation of the polytomous logit model
- 5.6 An approximation to the likelihood
- 5.6.1 One factor
- 5.6.2 More than one factor
- 5.7 Binary data as a special case
- 5.8 Ordering of categories
- 5.8.1 A response function model for ordinal variables
- 5.8.2 Maximum likelihood estimation of the model with ordinal variables
- 5.8.3 The partial credit model
- 5.8.4 An underlying variable model
- 5.9 An alternative underlying variable model
- 5.10 Posterior analysis
- 5.11 Further observations
- 5.12 Examples of the analysis of polytomous data using the logit model
- 6 Latent class models
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 The latent class model with binary manifest variables
- 6.3 The latent class model for binary data as a latent trait model
- 6.4 K latent classes within the GLLVM
- 6.5 Maximum likelihood estimation
- 6.6 Standard errors
- 6.7 Posterior analysis of the latent class model with binary manifest variables
- 6.8 Goodness of fit
- 6.9 Examples for binary data
- 6.10 Latent class models with unordered polytomous manifest variables
- 6.11 Latent class models with ordered polytomous manifest variables
- 6.12 Maximum likelihood estimation
- 6.12.1 Allocation of individuals to latent classes
- 6.13 Examples for unordered polytomous data
- 6.14 Identifiability
- 6.15 Starting values
- 6.16 Latent class models with metrical manifest variables
- 6.16.1 Maximum likelihood estimation
- 6.16.2 Other methods
- 6.16.3 Allocation to categories
- 6.17 Models with ordered latent classes
- 6.18 Hybrid models
- 6.18.1 Hybrid model with binary manifest variables
- 6.18.2 Maximum likelihood estimation
- 7 Models and methods for manifest variables of mixed type
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Principal results
- 7.3 Other members of the exponential family
- 7.3.1 The binomial distribution
- 7.3.2 The Poisson distribution
- 7.3.3 The gamma distribution
- 7.4 Maximum likelihood estimation
- 7.4.1 Bernoulli manifest variables
- 7.4.2 Normal manifest variables
- 7.4.3 A general E-M approach to solving the likelihood equations
- 7.4.4 Interpretation of latent variables
- 7.5 Sampling properties and goodness of fit
- 7.6 Mixed latent class models
- 7.7 Posterior analysis
- 7.8 Examples
- 7.9 Ordered categorical variables and other generalisations
- 8 Relationships between latent variables
- 8.1 Scope
- 8.2 Correlated latent variables
- 8.3 Procrustes methods
- 8.4 Sources of prior knowledge
- 8.5 Linear structural relations models
- 8.6 The LISREL model
- 8.6.1 The structural model
- 8.6.2 The measurement model
- 8.6.3 The model as a whole
- 8.7 Adequacy of a structural equation model
- 8.8 Structural relationships in a general setting
- 8.9 Generalisations of the LISREL model
- 8.10 Examples of models which are indistinguishable
- 8.11 Implications for analysis
- 9 Related techniques for investigating dependency
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Principal components analysis
- 9.2.1 A distributional treatment
- 9.2.2 A sample-based treatment
- 9.2.3 Unordered categorical data
- 9.2.4 Ordered categorical data
- 9.3 An alternative to the normal factor model
- 9.4 Replacing latent variables by linear functions of the manifest variables
- 9.5 Estimation of correlations and regressions between latent variables
- 9.6 Q-Methodology
- 9.7 Concluding reflections of the role of latent variables in statistical modelling
- Software appendix
- References
- Author index
- Subject index
System requirements
File format: PDF
Copy-Protection: Adobe-DRM (Digital Rights Management)
System requirements:
- Computer (Windows; MacOS X; Linux): Install the free reader Adobe Digital Editions prior to download (see eBook Help).
- Tablet/smartphone (Android; iOS): Install the free app Adobe Digital Editions or the app PocketBook before downloading (see eBook Help).
- E-reader: Bookeen, Kobo, Pocketbook, Sony, Tolino and many more (only limited: Kindle).
The file format PDF always displays a book page identically on any hardware. This makes PDF suitable for complex layouts such as those used in textbooks and reference books (images, tables, columns, footnotes). Unfortunately, on the small screens of e-readers or smartphones, PDFs are rather annoying, requiring too much scrolling.
This eBook uses Adobe-DRM, a „hard” copy protection. If the necessary requirements are not met, unfortunately you will not be able to open the eBook. You will therefore need to prepare your reading hardware before downloading.
Please note: We strongly recommend that you authorise using your personal Adobe ID after installation of any reading software.
For more information, see our eBook Help page.