Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics

Name: Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics | Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of IACMAG - Volume 2
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Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of IACMAG - Volume 2

Marco Barla Alice Di Donna Donatella Sterpi(Editor)

Springer (Publisher)

1st Edition

Published on 14. January 2021

XXIII, 1123 pages

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978-3-030-64518-2 (ISBN)

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Content

Intro
Preface
Organisation
IACMAG Board Officers
Local Organising Committee
Executive Board
Members
International Scientific Committee
Contents
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Surface and Near Surface Structures: Excavations, Foundations, Tunnels
A Comparative Study on Stress Distributions in Physical Models Using Photo-elasticity and FEM
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Principles of Photo-elasticity, Devices and Materials
3 Photo-Elasticity Tests and Comparisons with FEM Simulations
3.1 Continuum Samples Subjected to Uniaxial Compression and Brazilian Tests
3.2 Impression Index Creep Experiment
3.3 Punching Experiment
3.4 Sample Containing Slits Under Compression
3.5 Sample Containing a Rough Fault Subjected to Shearing
3.6 Stress Distribution Around Twin Tunnels
3.7 Stress Distribution in an Overhanging Slope with a Vertical Crack
4 Conclusions
References
Assessment of Tunnel Stability: Safety Factors and Numerical Techniques
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 A New Safety Factor for Tunnel Stability
3 Numerical Techniques for the Material Factor Approach
4 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of Wind Turbine-Foundation Degradation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
3 Details of the Project Site
4 Monitoring of Wind-Turbine Foundation Systems
4.1 Current State-of-the-Art Practice
4.2 Development of a Low-Cost Displacement Monitoring Indicator
4.3 Field Monitoring
5 Finite Element Modeling
6 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Elasto-Plastic Numerical Analyses for Predicting Cave-Ins of Tunnels and Caverns
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Simulations of Excavations of Underground Structures
3 Problems of Elasto-Plastic Numerical Analyses
4 Proposed Approach to Elastoplastic Analyses Considering the preservation of Gravitational Force
4.1 Fundamentals of Governing Equations
4.2 Proposed Approach
5 Application of the Proposed Elasto-Plastic Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
A Procedure for 3D Modelling of Very Large Geotechnical Structures: Open Cast Coal Mine Case
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Bílina Mine and Landfill
3 3D Model Development
4 Conclusions
References
Centrifuge Model Simulation for Seismic Behavior of Grid-Form Deep Mixing Walls Supporting a Building
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Outline of the Centrifuge Model Test
3 Analysis Conditions
4 Analysis Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of Subgrade Vertical Deformations of the Building with the Influence of a Deep Pit
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Case Study
2.1 Test Building Properties
2.2 Soil Properties
3 Theory
3.1 Initial Prerequisites
3.2 Calculation Model
4 Calculation Results
5 Conclusions
References
Numerical Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Joint Structure of Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Foundation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Outline of Model Tests
2.1 Modeling Steel Pipe Sheet Pile
2.2 Mechanical Tests on Joint Parts
2.3 Lateral Loading Tests on Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Model
3 Outline of Numerical Simulation
3.1 Modeling Steel Pipe Sheet Pile and Ground
3.2 Element Simulation of Joint Structure
3.3 Analysis Condition of Centrifuge Tests
4 Reproduction of Lateral Loading Tests in 50 G Gravitational Field
5 Conclusions
References
Evaluation of Damaged Zone During Cross-Passage Excavation by Means of CPT Test Result Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Geological Framework
3 Problem Approach and Solution
4 3D Techniques for Spatial Interpolation of Data
5 Conclusions
References
Consideration on Limit Load Space of Footing on Various Soils Under Eccentric Vertical Load
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Interaction of Footing and Soil Under Eccentric Vertical Load
2.1 Case Studies for Sandy Soil Under Two Contact Conditions
2.2 Case Studies for Clayey Soil Under Two Contact Conditions
3 Limit Load Space of Rigid Footing Under Eccentric Vertical Load
3.1 Case Studies for Sandy Soil
3.2 Case Studies for Clayey Soil Using Zero-Tension Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Influence of Load Inclination on Bearing Capacity of Footing Resting on Slope
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Modeling and Validation
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Numerical Assessment of Laterally Loaded Pile Group Efficiency
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Reference Model Description and Analysis Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
The Evaluation of the Suitability of Ryukyu Limestone as Foundations of Large Engineering Structures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of Ryukyu Limestone
3 Shearing Tests on Interface Between Steel and Ryukyu Limestone
4 Photo-Elasticity Tests on Piles in Model Ground with/Without Caves
5 Simulation of Stress Distribution and Load-Bearing Response of Piles in Ryukyu Limestone in Large Engineering Projects
5.1 Pile Foundations at Gushikawa By-Pass Bridge
5.2 Pile Foundations at Kouri Island Bridge
6 Conclusions
References
Numerical Investigation of Failure Mechanism During Pullout of Root Inspired Anchorages
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Study
3 MPM Numerical Study
4 Numerical Results
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Undrained Cavity Contraction from Unloading Incorporating Different Degrees of Intermediate Principal Stresses
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Unified Strength Theory and Cavity Contraction Problem Definition
3 Derivation of Relationship Between Unloading Factor and Contraction Coefficient
4 Parameter Analysis and Discussions
4.1 Effect of Intermediate Principal Stress Coefficient b, c0, f0 on the Cavity Unloading-Contraction Relationship
4.2 Effect of Intermediate Principal Stress Coefficient B on Displacement Field and Stress Field Around Cavity
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Granular Mechanics of the Active Lateral Pressure on Retaining Walls Rotating About the Top
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mechanical Behavior of Dense Granular Soils
3 Lateral Soil Pressure
4 Lateral Force
5 Evaluation of the Results
6 Conclusions
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Building and Infrastructure Response to Ground Movement
Soil-Building Interaction and Risk Assessment of Existing Structures During Mechanized Tunneling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Concept of Damage Evaluation
3 Building Models for Damage Assessment
4 Case Study
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Tunnelling-Induced Displacements and Damage on Framed Structures: Comparison Between Numerical Models
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Analyses
2.1 Advanced Analyses with Solid Frame Models
2.2 Two-Stage Analyses with Equivalent Beam Models
3 Results of Tunnelling-Induced Settlements and Deformations
4 Conclusions
References
Influence of Masonry Building Characteristics on Tunnel-Induced Building Damage
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Idealised Tunnel-Soil-Building Configurations
2.1 Analysis Procedures
2.2 Base Cases
2.3 Exploratory Studies
3 Simplified Model
4 Discussion
References
Large Scale Experimental Settlement Tests to Evaluate Structural Models for Tunnelling-Induced Damage Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 3D Finite Element Models
4 Finite Element Analysis Results
5 FBG Sensors and DIC Instrumentation Design
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Building Response to Line 9 EPB Tunnelling in Barcelona. A Case Study
Abstract
1 Description of the Case Study and Tunnelling Operations
2 Ground and Building Displacements: Field Monitoring
3 Numerical Modelling and Building Deformations
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Simplified Elastic Approach for Three-Dimensional Pile Group Displacements Induced by Nearby Tunneling Operation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Three-Dimensional Displacement Field
2.2 Pile Group Response
3 Validation of Approach
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Soil-Structure Interaction in the Coupled Model of a Residential Building
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Project
2.1 Description of the Residential Building
2.2 Soil Parameters
3 Linear-Elastic Model
3.1 Subgrade Reaction Modulus
3.2 Results of the Model with Subgrade Reaction Modulus
4 Coupled Tool 3D Model
4.1 Finite Element Model with Coupling Tool
4.2 Results of the Coupling Model
5 Conclusions
References
Mitigation of Tunneling Effects via Pre-installed Barriers: The Case of Line C of Rome Underground
Abstract
1 Project Description
2 Finite Element Model
3 Simulation of Tunnel Excavation
4 Analyses Results and Comparison with Field Data
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
3D Displacement Field Around a Deep Excavation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Fem Model of a Deep Excavation
2.1 Simulation of the Excavation Process
2.2 Building Model
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Numerical Model Calibration and Validation of Mechanized Tunnel Excavation of Milan Underground Line 5
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
3 Methodology
4 Parameter Identification
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Numerical Analysis of a Deep Excavation in Front of MarmorKirken, Copenhagen
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 MarmorKirken Station
3 Soil Profile
4 Monitoring System
5 Numerical Analysis
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Simple Coupled Analysis of an Arch Bridge Subjected to Tunnelling-Induced Movements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 A Case Study: Tideway Tunnel Under-Crossing Grosvenor Bridge
3 Numerical Models for Tunnel-Bridge Interaction
4 Results of Numerical Modelling
5 Summary and Discussion
References
A Prediction Method Based on Elasticity and Soil-Structure Interaction for Deep-Excavation Induced Deformations of Pile Foundations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Investigated Scenarios and the Adopted Model: Greenfield Movements and SSI
3 Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Computational Rail Geotechnics
Numerical Analysis of Ballastless Asphalt Tracks Subjected to Dynamic Loads
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Model
3 Sensitivity Analyses
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Coupled Multibody and Finite Element Modelling of Track Settlement
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Multibody Model
3 Plasticity Model
4 Example
5 Discussion and Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Combined Discrete-Continuum Analysis for Ballasted Rail Tracks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Combined Discrete-Continuum Modeling
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Fluidization of Subgrade Soil Under Rail Tracks Through CFD-DEM Coupling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Discrete Element Method
2.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics
2.3 Hydraulic Forces Acting on Soil Particles
3 Numerical Modelling Soil Fluidization Due to Increasing Hydraulic Gradient
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 The Development of Soil Fluidization Over Increasing Hydraulic Gradient
4.2 The Degradation of Effective Stress and Soil Fabric
4.3 The Evolution of Hydraulic Properties
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Dams and Earth Structures
Safety Evaluation of an Arch-Gravity Dam Based on a Small Displacement Hydromechanical Coupled Model
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Discontinuum Hydromechanical Model
2.1 Mechanical Model
2.2 Hydraulic Model
2.3 Hydromechanical Model
3 Numerical Modelling of an Arch-Gravity Dam
3.1 Ribeiradio Dam
4 Stability Analysis
4.1 Models
4.2 Increase in Reservoir Level
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Application of an Innovative Displacement Based Design Approach for Earth Embankments on Piled Foundations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model Description
3 Practical Application
4 Conclusions
References
A Procedure to Design Geosynthetic-Reinforced Earth-Retaining Walls Under Seismic Loadings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Identification of Critical Mechanisms
3 Evaluation of Permanent Displacements
4 Calibration of the Equivalent Seismic Coefficient
5 Calculation Example
6 Conclusions
References
Load Factors for the Estimation of Internal Forces in the Stem of Cantilever Retaining Wall with Shear Key Under Seismic Loading
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology Adopted to Compute Load Factors
3 Qualitative Assessment of Variation in the Values of Seismic Coefficients with Respect to Actual Values
4 Computations of Load Factors
5 Proposed Design Methodology Using Load Factors
6 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation of Seepage Force Acting on Interfacial Bed Particles by DEM-LBM
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Particle-Fluid Coupled Scheme
2.1 MRT Lattice Boltzmann Model for D3Q19 Formulation
2.2 Partially Saturated MRT LB Model
2.3 Discrete Element Method (DEM)
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Calculation of Seepage Force
3.2 Slope Instability Test
4 Conclusions
References
The Effects of AAFA Stabilizer on the Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2 Testing Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Pulse Velocity Test (PVT)
3.2 Unconfined Compression Test (UCT)
3.3 Direct Shear Test (DST)
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Stability Assessment of a Tailings Storage Facility Using a Non-local Constitutive Model Accounting for Anisotropic Strain-Softening
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
3 Tailings Characterization
3.1 General Characterization
3.2 In-Situ Testing
3.3 Laboratory Testing
4 Numerical Modelling
4.1 Constitutive Model
4.2 Material Parameters
4.3 Geometry and Mesh
4.4 Modelling Strategy and Results
5 Conclusions
References
On the Mechanisms of Impoundment-Induced Foundation Deformations of Super-High Arch Dams
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Valley Deformation Monitoring Data
2.1 Jinping I Arch Dam
2.2 Xiluodu Arch Dam
3 Interpretations of Valley Width Reductions of Jinping I Arch Dam
3.1 Effective Stress Principle of Rock Mass
3.2 Numerical Simulation of Jinping I Arch Dam
4 Interpretations of Valley Width Reductions of Xiluodu Arch Dam
4.1 Hubbert Thoery
4.2 Conception of Valley Width Reduction Mechanism of Xiluodu Arch Dam
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Deep Structures: Tunnels, Caverns, Mines
Numerical Simulation of Swelling in Tunnels
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Method Adopted for Swelling Quantification and Simulation
3 General Characteristics of the Tunnel Under Consideration
4 Laboratory Investigation
5 Numerical Modelling and Design of the Tunnel Lining
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Analysis of the Stability of Openings Excavated in Anisotropic Rocks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Borehole Pressures to Avoid Slip Calculated with WPM and H&B
3 Interpretation of Triaxial Tests with the WPM and H&B Criteria
4 Synthetic Case Studies of Borehole Stability
5 Conclusions
References
A Method for Predicting Seismic Stress and Deformation of Circular Tunnels Based on BP Artificial Neural Network
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Framework of BP Neural Network
2.1 Setup of BP ANN Model
2.2 Data Training and Testing
3 Case Study with FEA
3.1 FEA Model
3.2 FEA Results
4 Comparison Results between BP Neural Network and FEA
5 Conclusions and Discussions
References
An Integrated Study on the Risk Assessment of Abuchiragama Karstic Underground Shelter (Japan) Under Static and Dynamic Conditions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Geology and Present Situation of the Cave
3 Stability Assessment Procedure
4 Stability Evaluation Using Analytical Methods
5 DFEM Analyses for Area 7
5.1 Representation of Movable Blocks in the Roof of the Cave
5.2 Static Analysis
5.3 Dynamic Analysis for R7-EW1 Section
6 Conclusions
References
A Numerical Study on the Effect of Backfilling of Karstic Caves Beneath Gushikawa Castle Remains
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Rock Mechanics Investigations
3 2D Static Stability Assessment by Finite Element Method
4 3D Static Numerical Analyses
5 3D Dynamic Stability Analyses
6 Conclusions
References
Back-Analysis of Shaft and Galleries' Geomechanics Behaviour in the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Laboratory
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Hoek-Brown-Lemaître Constitutive Law
3 In Situ Stress State
4 Back-Analysis
4.1 Choice of Galleries and Measures
4.2 Numerical Model
4.3 Results for the GAN and GED Galleries
4.4 Results for the Shaft PA
5 General Remarks and Conclusions
References
Numerical Modeling of Rock-Support Interaction Under Squeezing Conditions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Previous Studies of SMP2
3 Current Studies of SMP4-PS
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Numerical Simulations of Centrifugal Experiments on Seismic Behavior of Shallow Overburden Tunnels with Pre-ground Improvement
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Reproduction Analyses for Centrifugal Model Experiments
2.1 Numerical Analysis Method
2.2 Numerical Results and Applicability of Numerical Method
3 Effect of Stress Release on Seismic Behavior of Tunnel
3.1 Tunnel Excavation Analysis
3.2 Analytical Results
4 Conclusions
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Natural Slopes
Influence of Footing Typologies on the Stability of a Transmission Tower Resting on the Bench of a Hill Slope
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Modeling
3 Electric Transmission Tower on Crest of Slope: A Case Study
4 Validation Study
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Rockfall Hazard Analysis at Small Scale: A Numerical Study for the Estimation of Representative Slope Parameters
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Estimation of the Input Parameters for QPROTO Plugin
3 Case Study: The Rassa Site
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
The Role of Internal Characteristic Length in Slope Stability Analysis with Strain Localization
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Aspects of the Second-Order Cone Programming Optimized Cosserat Continuum Finite Element Method
2.1 Standard Second-Order Cone Programming Form
2.2 Cosserat Continuum Governing Equations
2.3 SOCP Form of the Drucker-Prager Criterion in Cosserat Continuum
2.4 Finite Element Discretization
3 A Homogeneous Slope Example
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Study of the Earth Pressure of the Finite Soil Layer
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Engineering Situation
2.1 Engineering Geology
2.2 Design Parameters
3 Earth Pressure Calculation for Finite Soil Layer
3.1 Diagrammatic Calculation of Earth Pressure
3.2 Improved Overload Conversion Calculation of Earth Pressure
4 Numerical Analysis
5 Discussion and Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Prediction of Slope Failure in Cold Regions Induced by a Rainfall During Snowmelt Period
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modeling Methodology and Boundary Conditions
3 Simulation Procedure and Material Properties
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Determination of Slope Stability Including Strain-Dependent Soil Behavior
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Calculation Procedure
3 Calculation Example
3.1 Stability Calculations Without Soil Softening
3.2 Stability Calculations with Soil Softening
4 Conclusions
References
Climate Change Effects on Slope Stability
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of Climate Change Effects on Slope Stability
3 Case Study: Monchiero
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Study on Model Experiments and Numerical Simulations on Rockfalls and Its Utilization to Assess the Rockfall Hazards in Miyagi Island (Japan) and Cappadocia (Turkey)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Physical Model Experiments
3 Numerical Rockfall Simulation and Analysis Methods
4 Comparison of the Experimental and Computational Results
5 Evaluation of Rockfall Hazard in Miyagi Island, Okinawa Prefecture and Ayvalı in Cappadocia Region
6 Conclusions
References
Depth Integrated Two-Layer Coupled SPH Models for Debris Flows Simulation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Modelling of Debris Flows
3 A Two-Layer SPH-FD Depth Integrated Numerical Model
4 Examples and Applications: A Flume Test Including a Basal Screen
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Slope Stability Analysis: Limit Analysis vs Strength Reduction FEA
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methods
2.1 Strength Reduction Method (SRFEA)
2.2 Finite-Element Limit Analysis (FELA)
3 Example - Drained Conditions
3.1 Problem Description and Used Finite Element Meshes
3.2 Results
4 Example - Undrained Conditions
4.1 Problem Description and Meshes
4.2 Results
5 Conclusion
References
The Significance of Entrainment on Debris Flow Modelling: The Case of Hunnedalen, Norway
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Event and Field Study
3 RAMMS Debris Flow: Theoretical Aspects
4 Back-Analysis of the Hunnedalen Debris Flow
4.1 Input Data in RAMMS
4.2 Results of the Back-Calculation and Discussion
4.3 Influence of Voellmy's Parameters on Erosion Magnitude
4.4 Influence of Erosion Parameters on Erosion Magnitude
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
High-Resolution Modelling of Axisymmetric Granular Column Collapse Using Parallelized SPH
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Constitutive Relations
2.1 {{\varvec \mu}}\left({{\varvec I}}\right) Rheological Model
2.2 Drucker-Prager Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Constitutive Model
3 Parallel Scheme
4 Results
4.1 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results
4.2 Simulation Results for Aspect Ratio {{\varvec a}}=30
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Large Strain Problems
Micromechanics of Pile Cyclic Response in Sand
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 DEM Particle Crushing Model
2 DEM Model Setup Soil Initial Conditions
3 Effect of Axial Cyclic Loading to Pile Response
4 Conclusions
References
Simulation of Cavity Expansion with the Clay and Sand Model Using G-PFEM
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Cavity Expansion Model
2.1 Clay and Sand Model
2.2 G-PFEM
3 Validation
3.1 Undrained Cavity Expansion
3.2 Drained Cavity Expansion
4 Partially Drained Cylindrical Cavity Expansion
5 Conclusion
References
A Nonlocal Elasto-Plastic Model for Structured Soils at Large Strains for the Particle Finite Element Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Constitutive Equations
3 Nonlocal Integration
4 Representative Numerical Simulations
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Large Deformation Finite Element Analysis of CPT in Calcareous Sands
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 ALE Technique
2.2 Soil Models
3 Finite Element Results and Discussions
3.1 Material Properties of UWA Sand
3.2 Material Properties of KW Sand
3.3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Discrete Element Modeling of Compound Rockfall Fence Nets
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Discrete Element Representation of Wire Meshes
3 Test Setup
4 Numerical Modelling and Calibration
5 Results and Discussion
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Numerical Simulation of Progressive Slope Failure Using the Smoothed Particle Finite Element Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Smoothed Particle Finite Element Method
3 Failure of a Strain Softening Tresca Soil Slope
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Earthquake and Dynamics
The Simulation of Loading and Excavations as Dynamic Problem and Their Comparison with Static Solutions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Simulation of Loading as Dynamic Problem
2.1 Dynamic Behavior of a Sample Under Uniaxial Compression
2.1.1 Effect of Loading Rate and Sample Size
2.1.2 Effect of Mechanical Properties
2.2 Rockbolt Subjected to Impulsive Load
3 Excavations
3.1 Visco-elastic Layer on an Incline
3.2 Excavation of Circular Underground Openings
3.3 Excavation of Circular Unsupported Underground Opening
3.4 Excavation of Circular Rockbolt Supported Underground Opening
4 Conclusions
References
Influence of Soil Non-linear Behaviour on the Selection of Input Motion for Dynamic Geotechnical Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Selection Procedure
2.1 Interval of Periods of Interest for Geotechnical Problems
2.2 Iterative Selection Method
3 Numerical Application
4 Conclusions
References
Formulation of a Dynamic Damping Equation for Soils in the Light of Poromechanics
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Review and Mathematical Formulation
2.1 Theoretical Framework of Flow in Porous Media
2.2 The Coupled Equation Derivation
3 Comparison with Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Liquefaction Damage Prediction of Residential Land and Houses Using Geophysical Survey Results
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Surface Wave and Passive Linear Array Explorations
3 Target Area
4 Survey Results
5 Evaluation of Liquefaction Risk
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
3D Strong Motion Simulation of the 1984 Western Nagano Prefecture Earthquake and Its Implication on Ontake Volcano Landslide
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Outline of Analytical Method
3 Overview of the 1984 Western Nagano Prefecture Earthquake
4 Analytical Conditions and Parameters
5 Computational Results and Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Jet-Grouted Columns of Soft and Lightweight Geomaterials as Vibration Isolation Barriers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 1D Vibration Transmission for Vibration Isolation Barrier
3 Simulation of Vibration Screening in 2D
4 Conclusions
References
Seismic Performance of a Block-Type Quay Wall with Liquefiable Backfill: Comparison Between Centrifuge Test, Design Code, and High-Fidelity Numerical Modeling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Centrifuge Shaking Table Test
3 Design Code-Based Evaluation
4 Numerical Modeling
4.1 Numerical Model Configurations
4.2 Simulation Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Poro-elastodynamic Forward Solver for Dispersion Analysis of Saturated Multilayer Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model Description
2.1 Kinematic Assumptions
2.2 Constitutive Model
2.3 Conservation Laws
2.4 Governing Equations
3 Analytical Solution (Spectral Element Formulation)
3.1 Solution for DilatationalWave (P Waves) Using Eigen Decomposition
3.2 Solution for Shear Wave (S Waves)
3.3 Dispersion Relation
4 Dispersion Relation Case Study
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Three-Dimensional Bridge-Ground Liquefaction-Induced Deformations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Computational Framework
3 Bridge-Ground System
4 Computed Response
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Effect of Strike-Slip Fault Rupture on Piled Raft Foundation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Adopted Building-Foundation System
3 Numerical Modelling
3.1 Overview
3.2 Boundary Conditions
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Modeling Seismic Wave Propagation and Interaction: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
Abstract
1 Modeling Seismic Waves
2 Numerical Errors for Wave Propagation
3 Domain Truncation Strategies
3.1 Absorbing Boundaries
3.2 Absorbing Layers
4 Numerical Coupling Strategies
5 Future Challenges
References
A Numerical-Analytical Method for Dynamic Analysis of Piles in Non-homogeneous Transversely Isotropic Media
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Hybrid Numerical-Analytical Method
3 Simulation Results
4 Conclusions
References
Numerical Investigation on Seismic Performance of a Piled-Raft Foundation with Grid-Form DMWs
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Building and Ground
3 Analysis Model
3.1 Finite Element Model and Input Wave
3.2 Model for Soil and Stabilized Soil
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Some Remarks on the Seismic Design of Multipropped Retaining Walls
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical model
3 Results and discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Numerical Modeling of 3D Site-City Effects Including Partially Embedded Buildings Using Spectral Element Methods in Medium Stiffness Soils
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Available Information and Microvibration Survey
3 Model
3.1 Material Characterization
3.2 Building Properties
3.3 Mesh
4 Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Seismic Response Analysis of Liquefiable Sandy Ground Considering Inherent Anisotropy's Influence
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Summary of Centrifuge Model Tests
3 Outline of Numerical Simulation
3.1 Anisotropic Constitutive Model
3.2 Calibration of Model Parameters
3.3 Analytical Conditions
4 Numerical Simulation Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Dynamic Numerical Analysis of the Mazar Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam in Ecuador - South America
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Site Characteristics, Dam Materials Properties and Input Motion
3 Numerical Model
3.1 Pseudostatic Stability Analysis
3.2 Simplified Methods
3.2.1 Bray and Travasarou (2007)
3.2.2 Rathje and Saygili (2011)
3.3 Dynamic Behavior
3.3.1 Empty Reservoir Condition
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
A New Sand Constitutive Model for Pre- and Post-liquefaction Stages
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Constitutive Model Description
2.1 Memory Surface
2.2 Semifluidized State
3 Model Performance
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Effect of Ground Parameters on Housing Settlement Prediction by Simplified Liquefaction Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Outline of Simple Numerical Method
3 Simulation of 1-g Shaking Table Test
3.1 1-g Shaking Table Test
3.2 Numerical Result
4 SPH Simulations with Different Material Parameters
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Applications in Geotechnical Engineering - Complex Formations with a Block-in-matrix Fabric and Field Testing
Modeling of Bimrock/Bimsoil Structures by Means of Circular Particles Packed in R2
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Studies of Bimrocks/Bimsoils and the Applicability of This Tool
3 Circles that Fill a Triangle
4 The Self-similarity Condition
5 The Applied Software
6 Implementation to Generate Slope Models in Bimrocks/Bimsoils
7 Discussion
8 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
3D Slope Stability Analyses of a Complex Formation with a Block-in-Matrix Fabric
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Slope Stability Analyses
3 Results
4 Discussions and Conclusions
References
From Ground Investigation to the Geotechnical Model in Structurally Complex Formations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials
3 Methods, Procedures and Equipment
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
An Empirical Method for Predicting the Strength of Bim Materials Using Modifications of Lindquist's and Leps' Approaches
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Conclusions on the Strength Behavior of Bim Materials
3 Leps's Approach for Estimation of Strength of Rockfills
4 Modification to Lindquist's Approach for Defining of Nonlinear Shear Strength Behavior
5 An Example Calculation of Non-linear Shear Strength Envelopes for Bim Materials
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Improved Limit Equilibrium Methods for Evaluating the Shear Strength of Bimrocks During Bimtests
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 In Situ Bimtests
3 Improved Limit Equilibrium Methods
3.1 Improved 3-D Simplified Limit Equilibrium Method
3.2 Improved 2-D Simplified Limit Equilibrium Method
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Environmental Geomechanics - Ground Improvements, Reinforcement, Geosynthetics
Numerical Analysis of the Mechanical Response of Anchored Wire Meshes
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Hybrid Methods
3 Numerical Model
4 Local Interaction Between Soil and Wire Mesh
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Free Field Ground Vibration Due to Ground Improvement Induced Vibration
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Instrumentation and Ground Vibration Measurements
3 Vibroflot: A Source of Ground Vibration
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Vibration Parameters and Distance Relationship Developed from VMT
4.2 Ground Acceleration and Distance Relationship Form Accelerometer Measurement
5 Conclusions
References
Exact Series Solution for Plane Strain Consolidation of Stone Column Improved Soft Soil Accounting for Space-Dependent Total Stresses
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Governing Equations, Boundary and Initial Conditions
3 Analytical Procedure
4 Worked Example for the Proposed Analytical Solution
5 Conclusions
References
Construction of a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Bridge Abutment in Slovenia
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Example of a Real-Case Construction of a GRS Bridge Abutment
2.1 Ground Properties and Materials
2.2 Optimal Design of the GRS Bridge Abutment
3 Construction of the GRS Bridge Abutment
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Modelling the Development of Settlements of Earth Embankments on Piled Foundations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
2.1 Drained Case
2.2 Undrained Case
3 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Finite Element Analysis of Soil Arching in Piled Embankment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modeling
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Soil Arching
3.2 Influence of Piled Embankment Parameters
3.3 Assessment with Different Design Approaches
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Vertical Stress Distribution on Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing Column Under Embankment Load
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modeling
3 Analysis Results and Discussion
3.1 Effect of the Modulus of Embankment Fill
3.2 Effect of the Modulus of Core Pile
3.3 Effect of the Height of Embankment Fill
3.4 Effect of Area Replacement Ratio
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Comparative Study on the Coefficient of Radial Consolidation Determined from Various Methods
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Asaoka Method
2.2 Hyperbolic Method
2.3 Theory of Consolidation
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Performance Improvement of Ballasted Railway Tracks for High-Speed Rail Operations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Model of Ballasted Railway Track
2.1 Loading
2.2 Material Properties
2.3 Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Influence of Speed on Track Performance
3.2 Influence of Formation Type
4 Model Validation
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Prediction of Extra Confinement Offered by Cellular Inclusion Under Three-Dimensional Stress State
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Model
2.1 Three-Dimensional Stress State
2.2 Axisymmetric Condition
2.3 Plane-Strain Condition
3 Results and Discussion
4 Validation of the Model
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Global Methodology for Analysing the Safety Increase Introduced in Slides by Rigid Inclusions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Traditional Methodology of Analysis
2.1 Description of Method
2.2 Limitations of the Traditional Method
3 Safety Factor Computation in a Stress-Strain Method
4 Proposed Methodology of Analysis
4.1 Description of Method
4.2 Overcoming the Limitations of the Traditional Method
5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Laboratory Tests of Fully Grouted Bolts with a Pumpable Thixotropic Resin
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Mechanical Characterization of the Resin
2.2 Pull-Out Test Preparation
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Advanced Numerical Modelling of Geogrids and Steel Wire Meshes
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Finite Element Model of the Reinforced Soil Structure
2.1 Advanced Numerical Modelling of Geogrids
2.2 Advanced Numerical Modelling of Double Twist Steel Wire Meshes
3 Interface Modelling
4 Displacements Analyses
5 Conclusions
References
Discontinuum Mechanics of the One-Dimensional Consolidation of Soils
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Discontinuum Mechanics
3 One-Dimensional Process
4 Basic Solution of the One-Dimensional Processes
5 Linear One-Dimensional Consolidation
6 Logarithmic Consolidation Process
7 Experimental Evaluation
8 Conclusions
References
Environmental Geomechanics - Waste Disposal, Soil Atmosphere Interaction and Ice Mechanics
An Integrated System to Monitor Soil-Atmosphere Interaction
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Experimental Setup
2.2 Instrumentation Conditioning
2.3 Experimental Procedure
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Relevance of Chemico-Osmotic and Electro-Osmotic Phenomena in Bentonite-Based Barriers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Transport Equations for a Semipermeable Membrane
3 Reflection Coefficient Under Closed-System Boundary Conditions
4 Conclusions
References
Investigations on the Influence of Ice-Content on Shear Strength Characteristics of Soils
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Details of the DSBTemp
3 Sample Details and Testing Methodology
3.1 Details of the Sample
3.2 Testing Methodology
4 Preliminary Results
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of the Laurichard Rock Glacier (French Alps) in the Recent Climatic Changes
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Laurichard Rock Glacier Kinetic and Temperature Variations
3 Calibration of an Effective Viscosity on Laurichard Rock Glacier
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Annexes
References
Numerical Modeling of Water-Vapor Migration and Phase Transformation in Unsaturated Freezing Soils
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theory and Methods
2.1 Physical Process and Basic Assumption
2.2 Governing Equation
2.3 Establishing the Numerical Model
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Volumetric Water Content
3.2 Migration Flux
3.3 Comparison Between Computed Results and Experiment Data
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Application of a Physical-Mathematical Model of Leachate Ion Diffusion Through Compacted Soils from Diffusion Tests
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Empirical Experiments
3 Physical-Mathematical Modelling
3.1 Equivalent Contaminated Layer (ECL) Solution
3.2 Calibration in Time and Space with Wolfram Mathematica
4 Materials and Methods
5 Results and Discussion
6 Final Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
DEM Modelling of Ice Filled Rock Joints
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 DEM Model and Simulations
2.1 Model Geometry and Loading Conditions
2.2 Frozen Soil and Rock Models
2.3 Simulation Procedure
3 Numerical Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Numerical Analysis of Shallow Foundations Considering Hydraulic Hysteresis and Deformation Dependent Soil-Water Retention
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Equations for Hydraulic Hysteresis
3 One-Dimensional Hydromechanical Response to Drying-Loading-Wetting Paths
4 Flexible Footing
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Geomechanics for Energy - Gas, Petroleum and Offshore Engineering
Molecular Interactions of Major Mineral Constituents with Kerogen in Green River Oil Shale
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results
3.1 Kerogen-Montmorillonite Clay
3.2 Kerogen-Quartz
3.3 Kerogen-Calcite
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Effect of Burial Depth on Pipeline-Fault Rupture Interaction Mechanism and Mitigation Technique Using Geofoam Blocks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Adopted Pipeline-Soil System
3 Characteristics of the Numerical Model
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Advanced Soil Constitutive Models and Their Applications to Offshore Geotechnical Problems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Anisotropic Structured Models
2.1 Yield and Plastic Potential Functions
2.2 Kinematic Hardening Rule
2.3 Soil Structure Effect
3 Time and Rate Dependency
4 Two Surface Plasticity Model (TSP)
5 Numerical Procedure and Examples
5.1 Pipe-Seabed Interaction
5.2 Free Falling of a Dynamic Anchor
6 Conclusion
7 References
Geomechanics for Energy - Underground Storage and Geothermal Energy
Deformation and Vertical Permeability Variations Induced by Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Over-Consolidated Silty Clays
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Cyclic Freezing-Thawing Process in NC Clayey Sediments
3 Effects on OC Clayey Sediments
3.1 Freeze-Thaw Induced Strain
3.2 Freeze-Thaw Induced Variations in Permeability
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Thermal Activation of Tunnel Infrastructures: City-Scale Solutions for Basel, Switzerland
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Settings
3 Conceptual Approach and Methods
4 Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Effect of Particle Connectivity on Heat Transfer in Granular Materials Using Complex Networks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Sample Preparation and Measurements
3 Image Processing, Network Construction and Network Features
3.1 Image Processing
3.2 Network Construction
3.3 Network Feature(s)
4 Finite Element Simulation
5 Relationship Between Closeness Centrality and ETC
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
3D Voronoi Tessellation for the Study of Mechanical Behavior of Rocks at Different Scales
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Laboratory Scale
3 Scale Effects: Towards the Site Scale
4 Case Study
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Comparison with Microseismic Data at a Field Site
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Hydraulic Fracture Modeling
3 Numerical Modelling Results
4 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Geomechanical Evaluation of CO2 Storage in a Coal Seam with a Secondary Barrier
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Research Objectives
3 Project Site Description
4 Ground Monitoring using Tiltmeters and GPS units
5 Coupled Multiphase Fluid Flow and Geomechanics
6 CO2 Breakthrough and Secondary Coal Seam
7 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Is It Possible to Build a Rock Cavern for Compressed Air Energy Storage at a Shallow Depth?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Pilot Cavern for CAES at Pingjiang
3 Methodology for Numerical Simulation
3.1 Theoretical Backgrounds
3.2 Numerical Simulation Scheme
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Acid Stimulation in Single Carbonate Fractures with Heterogeneous Apertures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Method
3 Case Studies
3.1 Benchmark Example
3.2 Case Study
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Geomechanics for Energy - Energy Geostructures
Testing of a Novel Energy Wall System in Torino
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The GeothermSkin Energy Wall System
3 Prototype Experimental Site
3.1 Experimental Site Description
3.2 Experimental Setup
3.3 Monitoring and Acquisition System
4 Preliminary Test Results
5 Conclusions
References
Energy Tunnels for Deicing of a Bridge Deck in Alpine Region
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Turinella Viaduct Case Study
3 Numerical Modelling of Tunnels Thermal Activation
4 Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
On the Thermal Activation of Turin Metro Line 2 Tunnels
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Turin Metro Line 2
3 Adopted Methodology
4 Numerical Models for Evaluating Tunnel Thermal Potential
5 Overall Geothermal Potential of the Line
6 Conclusions
References
A Case Study on the Application of Energy Tunnels in Sydney, Australia
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modelling and the Case Study
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Case Study of Isolated Foundations on Energy Piles - from Design to Implementation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Site Characterization
3 Energy Design Aspects
4 Mechanical and Thermo-mechanical Considerations
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Analytical Modelling of Energy Geostructures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework
3 Analytical Modelling of Energy Piles
3.1 General
3.2 Equivalent Pier Solution
3.3 Interaction Factor Solution
4 Analytical Modelling of Energy Walls and Sla
4.1 General
4.2 Subgrade Reaction Solution
5 Validation Example
6 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Numerical Modelling of Thermo-active Micropiles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model Formulation
2.1 Governing Equations
2.2 FE Model
3 Energy Efficiency of EMPs
3.1 Design of Parametric Study
3.2 Parametric Analysis Results
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Effect of Domain Size in the Modelled Response of Thermally-Activated Piles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Basis for Analyses
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Mechanical Loading
3.2 Thermal-Mechanical Loading
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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