
The Discovery of Dynamics
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Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Introduction to Volumes 1 and 2
- 1 Preliminaries
- 1.1 Newtons's laws and their conceptual framework
- 1.2 Invariance properties of Newtonian dynamics
- 1.3 Why it took so long to find the laws of motion
- 1.4 Why the first breakthrough occurred in astronomy
- 1.5 General comments on the absolute/relative debate
- 1.6 Was dynamics discovered or invented?
- 2 Aristotle: first airing of the absolute/relative problem
- 2.1 Brief review of the period up to Aristotle
- 2.2 Aristotle: the man and his vision
- 2.3 Pre-Aristotelian geometrism
- 2.4 Aristotle's natural motions
- 2.5 The corruptible and the quintessential
- 2.6 The concept of place and the self-contained universe
- 2.7 Time in Aristotelian physics
- 3 Hellenistic astronomy: the foundations are laid
- 3.1 Historical: the Hellenistic period
- 3.2 Purely geometrical achievements and the development of trigonometry
- 3.3 Astronomical frames of reference
- 3.4 Manifestations of the law of inertia in the heavens
- 3.5 The 'flaw' from which dynamics developed
- 3.6 Kepler's laws of planetary motions
- 3.7 The zero-eccentricity and small-eccentricity forms of Kepler's laws
- 3.8 Hipparchus's theory of the apparent solar motion
- 3.9 The epicycle-deferent theory
- 3.10 First application of the epicycle-deferent theory: alternative form of Hipparchus's theory
- 3.11 Second application of the epicycle-deferent theory: the motion of the outer planets
- 3.12 Epicycle-deferent theory for the inner planets
- 3.13 The theory of the moon
- 3.14 Ptolemy and the small-eccentricity planetary system
- 3.15 Time in Ptolemaic astronomy
- 3.16 The achievement of Ptolemy and Hellenistic astronomy
- 4 The Middle Ages: first stirrings of the scientific revolution
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Kinematics
- 4.3 Dynamics
- 4.4 Cosmology and early ideas about relativity
- 5 Copernicus: the flimsy arch
- 5.1 How Copernicus came to make his discovery
- 5.2 What Copernicus did: first approximation
- 5.3 Kinematic relativity in De Revolutionibus
- 5.4 Preliminary evaluation of the significance of Copernicus's discovery
- 5.5 What Copernicus did: second approximation
- 5.6 Copernicus's concept of place and the ultimate frame of reference
- 5.7 Copernicus's concept of motion
- 5.8 The significance of the Copernican revolution: second evaluation
- 6 Kepler: the dominion of the sun
- 6.1 Brahe and Kepler
- 6.2 The dethronement of the usurper
- 6.3 The Zeroth Law, the vicarious hypothesis and the demise of the old order
- 6.4 The halving of the eccentricity of the earth's orbit
- 6.5 The First and Second Laws
- 6.6 Kepler's physics and his Third Law
- 6.7 Kepler's anticipation of Mach's Principle
- 6.8 A last look at the astronomy and evaluation of Brahe and Kepler's achievement
- 7 Galileo: the geometrization of motion
- 7.1 Brief scientific biography and general comments
- 7.2 Galileo's cosmology, overall concepts of motion, and the influence of Copernicus
- 7.3 The primordial motions: circular inertia and free fall
- 7.4 Compound motions. Parabolic motions of projectiles
- 7.5 Rotation of the earth, different forms of the law of inertia and Galilean invariance
- 7.6 Galileo and absolute motion
- 7.7 At the threshold of dynamics
- 8 Descartes and the new world
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The new world
- 8.3 The Cartesian concept of substance and the divide between materialism and idealism
- 8.4 The stone that put the stars to flight
- 8.5 The discovery of inertial motion: Descartes and Galileo compared
- 8.6 The intervention of the Inquisition
- 8.7 Descartes' early conception of motion
- 8.8 Descartes' revised concept of motion
- 9 Huygens: relativity and centrifugal force
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Collisions and relativity: general comments
- 9.3 Descartes' theory of collisions
- 9.4 Huygens' theory of collisions
- 9.5 Collisions in the centre-of-mass frame
- 9.6 The enigma of relativity
- 9.7 Centrifugal force: the work done prior to Huygens
- 9.8 Huygens' treatment of centrifugal force
- 9.9 Why Huygens failed to win the greatest prize
- 10 Newton I: the discovery of dynamics
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 A comment on the significance of Newton's early work
- 10.3 Three types of force
- 10.4 Collisions
- 10.5 Centrifugal force: the paradigm of a continuously acting force
- 10.6 Newton's early applications of the formula for centrifugal force
- 10.7 The development of Newtonian dynamics
- 10.8 The Hooke-Newton correspondence of 1679
- 10.9 The area law, Newton's treatment of time, and the solution to the Kepler problem
- 10.10 The genesis of the Principia: Ulysses draws forth Achilles
- 10.11 The Principia: its structure, fundamental concepts and most important results
- 11 Newton II: absolute or relative motion?
- 11.1 General introduction: the period up to Newton
- 11.2 Newton: general comments
- 11.3 Newton's early discussion of motion and De gravitatione
- 11.4 De gravitatione: Newton's discussion of space and body
- 11.5 The Scholium on absolute space, time, and motion
- 11.6 Comments on the Scholium
- 11.7 The absolute/relative problem in the remainder of the Principia
- 12 Post-Newtonian conceptual clarification of Newtonian dynamics
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Neumann and Body Alpha
- 12.3 Lange and the concept of inertial systems
- 12.4 Determination of the earth's polar motion from satellite observations
- 12.5 Back to the Scholium
- 12.6 Huygens and absolute motion
- 12.7 Mach's operational definition of dynamical mass
- 12.8 Synoptic overview of the discovery of dynamics
- Abbreviations for works quoted frequently in the References
- References
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Y
- Z
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