
Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XV
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These contributions, written by the foremost international researchers and practitioners of Genetic Programming (GP), explore the synergy between theoretical and empirical results on real-world problems, producing a comprehensive view of the state of the art in GP. Topics in this volume include: exploiting subprograms in genetic programming, schema frequencies in GP, Accessible AI, GP for Big Data, lexicase selection, symbolic regression techniques, co-evolution of GP and LCS, and applying ecological principles to GP. It also covers several chapters on best practices and lessons learned from hands-on experience. Readers will discover large-scale, real-world applications of GP to a variety of problem domains via in-depth presentations of the latest and most significant results.
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Content
- Intro
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- Contributors
- 1 Exploiting Subprograms in Genetic Programming
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Related Work
- 1.3 Exploiting Subprograms
- 1.3.1 BGP Strategy
- 1.3.2 Exploring Model Bias
- 1.3.3 Identifying Useful Subprograms
- 1.4 Experiments
- 1.4.1 Experimental Data, Parameters
- 1.4.2 Sensitivity to Model Bias
- 1.4.3 Aggregate Trace Matrices
- 1.5 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- 2 Schema Analysis in Tree-Based Genetic Programming
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.1.1 Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics
- 2.1.2 Genetic Programming Schemata
- 2.2 Methodology
- 2.2.1 Schema Generation
- 2.2.2 Schema Matching
- 2.3 Experimental Setup
- 2.3.1 Algorithm Parameters
- 2.3.2 Problem Instances
- 2.3.3 Analysis Methods
- 2.4 Empirical Results
- 2.4.1 Standard GP
- Poly-10 Problem
- Tower Problem
- 2.4.2 Offspring Selection GP
- Poly-10 Problem
- 2.5 Conclusion
- References
- 3 Genetic Programming Symbolic Classification: A Study
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 AMAXSC in Brief
- 3.3 MDC in Brief
- 3.4 M2GP in Brief
- 3.5 LDA Background
- 3.6 LDA Matrix Math
- 3.7 LDA Assisted Fitness Implementation
- 3.7.1 Converting to Basis Space
- 3.7.2 Class Clusters and Centroids
- 3.7.3 LDA Coefficients
- 3.8 Artificial Test Problems
- 3.9 Performance on Test Problems
- 3.10 Conclusion
- References
- 4 Problem Driven Machine Learning by Co-evolving Genetic Programming Trees and Rules in a Learning Classifier System
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Methods
- 4.2.1 ExSTraCS
- 4.2.2 GP Integration
- 4.2.2.1 GP Population Initialization
- 4.2.2.2 GP Parent Selection
- 4.2.2.3 GP Mating
- 4.2.2.4 GP Fitness and Evaluation
- 4.2.3 Datasets and Evaluation
- 4.3 Preliminary Results
- 4.4 Conclusions and Ongoing Work
- References
- 5 Applying Ecological Principles to Genetic Programming
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.1.1 Motivation
- 5.1.2 Ecological Approaches in Evolutionary Algorithms
- 5.1.3 Limited Resources and Eco-EA
- 5.1.4 Complexifying Environments
- 5.2 Methods
- 5.2.1 10-Dimensional Box Problem
- 5.2.2 Eco-EA Implementation
- 5.2.3 Lexicase Selection Implementation
- 5.2.4 Tournament Selection Implementation
- 5.2.5 Configuration Details
- 5.2.6 Statistical Methods
- 5.2.7 Code Availability
- 5.3 Results and Discussion
- 5.4 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- 6 Lexicase Selection with Weighted Shuffle
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Lexicase Selection
- 6.3 Weighted Shuffle
- 6.3.1 Shuffling Methods
- 6.3.2 Bias Metrics
- 6.4 Experimental Setup
- 6.4.1 Problems
- 6.4.2 Push and PushGP
- 6.5 Results
- 6.6 Discussion
- 6.7 Related Work
- 6.8 Conclusions and Future Work
- References
- 7 Relaxations of Lexicase Parent Selection
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Lexicase Selection
- 7.3 Epsilon Lexicase Selection
- 7.4 Random Threshold Lexicase Selection
- 7.5 MADCAP Epsilon Lexicase Selection
- 7.6 Truncated Lexicase Selection
- 7.7 Experimental Results
- 7.8 Relation to Many-Objective Optimization
- 7.9 Discussion
- References
- 8 A System for Accessible Artificial Intelligence
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The Human Engine
- 8.3 The Human-Computer Interaction Engine
- 8.4 The Machine Learning Engine
- 8.5 The Controller Engine
- 8.6 The Graph Database Engine
- 8.6.1 Knowledge Base
- 8.7 The Artificial Intelligence Engine
- 8.8 The Visualization Engine
- 8.9 Discussion and Future Work
- References
- 9 Genetic Programming Based on Error Decomposition: A Big Data Approach
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Computational Model
- 9.3 Case Study
- 9.4 Performance Analysis
- 9.5 Conclusions
- References
- 10 One-Class Classification of Low Volume DoS Attacks with Genetic Programming
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Our Method
- 10.2.1 Intuition
- 10.2.2 Formal Definition
- 10.2.3 Ensemble Formation
- 10.3 Related Work
- 10.4 Experiments
- 10.4.1 Datasets
- 10.4.1.1 KDD Cup Dataset
- 10.4.1.2 NSL-KDD Dataset
- 10.4.1.3 Proprietary Dataset
- 10.4.2 Genetic Programming Parameters
- 10.4.3 Comparison Algorithm
- 10.4.4 Classification Results
- 10.4.5 Selection of GP Models and Ensemble Classifier
- 10.5 Conclusion
- References
- 11 Evolution of Space-Partitioning Forest for Anomaly Detection
- 11.1 Anomaly Detection for Streaming Data
- 11.2 Analysis of Random Trees
- 11.2.1 Number of Nodes Needed to Capture Anomaly Characteristics
- 11.2.1.1 Theoretical Justification
- 11.2.1.2 Experimental Results
- 11.2.2 Number and Height of Trees
- 11.2.2.1 The Coupon Collector's Problem: Analysis of Tree Height
- 11.2.2.2 Number of Trees T for a Given Tree Height h and Number of Features d
- 11.3 Use EA to Better Partition Data Space
- 11.3.1 How to Partition the Data Space to Separate Outliers
- 11.3.2 Space-Partitioning Forest
- 11.3.3 Individual Representation
- 11.3.4 Cost Function
- 11.3.5 Mutation
- 11.3.6 Crossover
- 11.3.7 Selection
- 11.3.8 Algorithms
- 11.3.9 Preliminary Results for EA
- 11.4 Conclusion and Future Work
- References
- Index
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