
Text and Technology
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Content
- TEXT AND TECHNOLOGY In Honour of John Sinclair
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Table of contents
- Foreword
- References
- British Traditions in Text Analysis From Firth to Sinclair
- 0. Some principles from Firth to Halliday and Sinclair
- 1. Alternative traditions
- 2. The practical applications of linguistics
- 3. Grammar and discourse, data and models
- 4. Methodology: attested data and text corpora
- 5. The essential content: form and meaning, lexis and grammar
- 6. The nature of linguistic behaviour
- 8. Beyond Saussurian dualisms
- 8. Looking up
- 8.1 Data-driven linguistics
- 8.2 Probabilistic grammar
- 8.3 Descriptive and pedagogical grammars
- 8.4 Linguistic variability
- 8.5 The public nature of science
- 8.6 Linguistic facts
- 8.7 The problem of order
- 9. Descriptions and theories, methods and applications
- Notes
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 1. Spoken and Written Discourse
- Inexplicitness A Feature of Naturalness in Conversation
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. The notion of context
- 1.1 Context and conversational coherence
- 2. Linguistic realisations of inexplicitness
- 3. Contextual components contributing to the level of inexplicitness
- 3.1 The physical setting and its institutionalisation
- 3.2 Shared knowledge
- 3.3 Linguistic context and its influence on inexplicitness
- 4. Interpreting inexplicitness in conversation
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Topic as a Dynamic Element in Spoken Discourse
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 0.1 The notion of topic
- 0.1.1 Inexplicitness as an outcome of topic creation and development
- 0.1.2 Prospection
- 1. A dynamic model of discourse
- 1.1 Planes of discourse
- 1.2 Plane change
- 2. Topic-Framework
- 2.1 Topic-Framework as a rank in discourse
- 2.2 The structure of the Topic-Framework
- 3. Relevance in the Topic-Framework
- 3.1 Relevance as a semantic notion
- 3.2 The notion of aboutness
- 3.2.1 Maintenance for or challenge to aboutness
- 3.3 Relevance as a property of structure in discourse
- 3.3.1 Prospection as afeature of structure
- 4. Concluding remarks
- Notes
- References
- Interpreting Multi-act Moves in Spoken Discourse
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 0.1 Multi-act moves
- 0.2 The discourse value of acts
- 0.2.1 Head acts and starters
- 1. Identifying the head act
- 1.1 The co-occurrence of elicitations
- 1.2 Elicitations and informatives
- 1.3 Requestives and informatives
- 1.4 Requestives and elicitations
- 1.5 Directives and informatives
- 1.6 Directives and elicitations
- 2. Further observations
- 3. Concluding remarks
- Notes
- References
- Theme and Prospection in Written Discourse
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. Theme in Finnish and English
- 2. Some assumptions about thematic progression
- 3. Thematic progression: towards the formulation of hypotheses
- 4. Theme and prospection
- 5. Conclusion
- References
- Professional Conflict Disagreement in Academic Discourse
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. The texts
- 2. The relevance of the conflict
- 3. The management of conflict: representing knowledge claims
- 3.1 Common strategies
- 3.1.1 Differentials in status
- 3.1.2 Modification of status
- 3.2 Differences between empirical and other papers
- 3.2.1 The use of attitudinal verbs
- 3.2.2 Adverbial modification
- 3.2.3 Appeal to consensus
- 4. The resolution of the conflict
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- 2. Corpus Studies: Theory and Practice
- A Corpus-Driven Approach to Grammar Principles, Methods and Examples
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. The treatment of lexis in a traditional descriptive grammar
- 1.1 Introductory 'it' as Object
- 1.2 Appositive 'that' -clause qualifiers
- 2. A lexical and phraseological grammar
- 2.1 The role of phraseology
- 3. Item and environment: a methodological convenience
- 3.1 From introductory 'it' to the grammar of 'possible'
- 4. Appositive thai-clause qualifiers: a lexical approach
- 4.1 Lexical range and semantic sets
- 4.2 Meaning
- 4.3 Phraseological constraints
- 4.4 Indefinite articles and plural forms
- 5 Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Irony in the Text or Insincerity in the Writer? The Diagnostic Potential of Semantic Prosodies
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. Semantic prosodies in Larkin's poem's
- 1.1 Semantic prosodies in Larkin's 'First Sight'
- 1.2 A semantic prosody in Larkin's 'Days'
- 2. Irony and semantic prosodies
- 3. Prosodic clash and possible insincerity
- 4. Grading suasive texts: 'good' and 'bad' prosodies
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Appendix
- Corpus Evidence of Language Change The Case of the Intensifier
- Abstract
- 0. The status of diachronic linguistics
- 1. Intensifiera and hyperbole
- 2. A historical process: the shift from modal to intensifier
- 3. The process of historical relexicalisation and delexicalisation
- 3.1 The 'terribly' group of words
- 3.2 The 'highly' group of words
- 4. Delexicalisation and shared meaning
- 5. The meaning of novelty
- 6. Syntactic changes
- 7. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Interpretative Nodes in Discourse Actual and Actually
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. The adjective actual
- 1.1 The functions of adjectives
- 1.2 The specific features associated with 'actual'
- 1.2.1 The correlation between two elements
- 1.2.2 Other uses of 'actual'
- 1.2.3 The discourse angle
- 2. The adverb actually
- 2.1 The correlation between two elements
- 2.1.1 Repositioning the interpretative angle
- 2.1.2 Unexpectedness
- 1.2.3 Self-correction, mitigation and challenge
- 3. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Who Can Make Nice A Better Word Than Pretty? Collocation, Translation, and Psycholinguistics
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 0.1 The relationship between intuition and data
- 0.2 Translation studies as a data resource for other disciplines
- 1. A case of conflicting intuitions
- 1.1 The data
- 1.2 Intuitions about the sentence
- 1.3 The sentence in the context of textual analysis
- 2. Collocational translational stylistics: an example
- 2.1 A story theme
- 2.2 The translation of adjectives
- 2.3 'Nydelig' and its co-textual context
- 3. Two types of translator
- 3.1 Translators' relationships with their languages
- 3.2 Intuition, exposure and psycholinguistics
- 4. The psycholinguistics of late bilingualism
- 4.1 Two views about the relationship between L1 and L2 acquisition
- 4.2 Differences between native and native-like speakers
- 4.3 Coppieter's study and the difference between two types of translator
- 4.4 The psycholinguistic explanation
- 4.5 The explanation for the discrepancy between intuitions and use
- 5. Towards an explication of speakers' gradual manipulation of the evidence
- 6. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Appendix:Sources for the translations
- Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies Implications and Applications
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. Translation studies: the state of the art
- 1.1 Central issues: the status of the source text and the notion of equivalence
- 1.2 Developments which support a move towards corpus-based research
- 1.2.1 New perspectives: poly system theory
- 1.2.2 From equivalence to norms
- 1.2.3 The rise of descriptive translation studies
- 2. Corpus work in translation studies: the potential
- 2.1 Universal features of translation
- 2.2 Translational norms operating in a given socio-cultural context
- 2.3 Other issues for corpus research
- 3. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- 3. Text and Technology: Computational Tools
- A Prototype Boundary Marker
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. Natural language parsing: the state of the art
- 2. The boundary marker: system overview
- 2.1 Text files
- 2.2 The dataset of word-class information
- 2.3 The lexicon of known words
- 2.4 The affix dataset
- 3. The boundary marker: program operation
- 3.1 Assigning boundaries
- 3.2 Program output
- 4. Evaluation of version 1 and development of version 2 of the program
- 4.1 The collocation dataset
- 4.2 The category dataset
- 4.3 The word dataset
- 4.4 The introduction of new boundaries
- 4.5 The introduction of rules
- 4.5.1 Verb group rules
- 4.5.2 Pronoun rules
- 4.5.3 Punctuation rules
- 4.5.4 Phrasal verbs
- 4.5.5 Postmodifying groups
- 4.5.6 Postmodifying clauses
- 4.5.7 Coordination
- 5. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- From Firth Principles Computational Tools for the Study of Collocation
- Abstract
- 0. Collocations and lexicography
- 1. The importance of computational methods
- 2. Two different tools for two different needs
- 3. The collocate program
- 4. Two measures of significance
- 5. Evaluating the output
- 6. Positional variation
- 7. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Statistical Methods and Large Corpora A New Tool for Describing Text Types
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. The data for the current study
- 1.1. The corpus
- 1.2 The categories
- 2. Methodology and statistical technique
- 2.1 Basic procedures: lemmatising, disambiguating & adjusting figures
- 2.2 Hayashi's quantification method type III
- 3. Discussion of results
- 3.1 The distribution of corpora
- 3.2 The interpretation of the axes
- 4. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- The Automatic Analysis of Dictionaries Parsing Cobuild Explanations
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 0.1 Cobuild explanations vs. conventional definitions
- 0.2 The Student's Dictionary and its usefulness as a sample
- 1. The analysis of Cobuild explanations: structural patterns
- 1.1 Basic structures of Cobuild explanations
- 1.1.1 Standard (three field) explanations
- 1.1.2 Non-standard explanation types
- 1.2 Initial words as a starting-point for pattern recognition
- 1.3 From initial word to recurring structural patterns
- 2. Refining the methodology for identifying structural patterns
- 2.1 The role of grammatical information
- 3. From structural to functional analysis
- 3.1 Functional elements
- 3.2 Functional components v. literal elements
- 4. Overview and evaluation of parsing strategies
- 4.1 Coverage
- 4.2 Refinements
- 4.2.1 The refinement of parsing strategies
- 4.2.2 The refinement of explanations
- 4.3 Overlapping patterns and strategies
- 4.4 Other information needed
- 5. Applications
- 5.1 Navigating the dictionary database for natural language processing
- 5.2 The automatic thesaurus
- 5.3 Dictionary refinement
- 5.4 Dictionary translation
- 6. Conclusion
- References
- Teaching,Text and Technology A Hypermedia Environment
- Abstract
- 0. Introduction
- 1. The research project
- 2. The rationale for a focus on intonation
- 3. The technology
- 3.1 Hypermedia technology and language teaching
- 4. The theoretical framework: a Vygotskian theory of learning
- 4.1 The zone of proximal development (ZPD)
- 4.2 Activity settings
- 4.3 The significance of a social theory of teaching and learning
- 5. Application to the present study
- 6. Working in a hypermedia environment
- 6.1. An example of working in the zone of proximal development
- 6.2. The other-to-self-regulation continuum
- 6.3. An example of peer support
- 6.4. Students' own goals and perceptions
- 7. Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- Index
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