
The Linguistics of Sign Languages
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This book can be used as a self-study book or as a text book for students of sign linguistics. Each chapter concludes with a summary, some test-yourself questions and assignments, as well as a list of recommended texts for further reading. The book is accompanied by a website for instructors containing notes and answers to the assignments, video clips and suggestions for further material to be discussed in class.
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Content
- Intro
- The Linguistics of Sign Languages
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Foreword
- 1. Sign languages as natural languages
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Language in space
- 1.3 Deaf communities
- 1.4 The relationship between signed and spoken languages
- 1.5 Sign languages and linguistic universals
- 1.6 Differences between sign languages
- 1.7 Transcribing sign languages
- 1.8 The history of sign linguistics
- 1.9 The content of this book
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 2. Psycholinguistics
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Language and the brain
- 2.2.1 Aphasia in deaf signers
- 2.2.2 The effect of modality on the brain
- 2.3 Language comprehension
- 2.3.1 Identifying the signal
- 2.3.2 Storage and processing of signs
- 2.3.3 The role of iconicity in processing signs
- 2.3.4 Spatial versus linguistic information
- 2.4 Language production
- 2.4.1 The tip-of-the-fingers phenomenon
- 2.4.2 Grammatical encoding: word level
- 2.4.3 Phonological encoding
- 2.4.4 Articulation
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 3. Acquisition
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 How do children learn a sign language?
- 3.3 The path of sign language development
- 3.3.1 The pre-linguistic stage
- 3.3.2 The one- and two-word stages
- 3.3.3 The differentiation stage
- 3.3.4 Reaching the adult level
- 3.4 Second language acquisition
- 3.5 Bilingual development
- 3.5.1 Deaf children of deaf parents
- 3.5.2 Hearing children of deaf parents
- 3.5.3 Deaf children of hearing parents
- 3.5.4 Children with a cochlear implant (CI)
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 4. Interaction and discourse
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Cooperating in conversations
- 4.3 Turn-taking
- 4.4 Coherence
- 4.5 Speech acts
- 4.6 Structuring the discourse
- 4.6.1 The use of articles and pronouns
- 4.6.2 Information structure
- 4.6.3 Role shift
- 4.7 Pragmatic adequacy
- 4.7.1 Whispering and shouting
- 4.7.2 Influence of the hearing status of the conversation partner
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 5. Constituents and word classes
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Constituents
- 5.3 The structure of phrases
- 5.4 Lexical signs
- 5.4.1 Nouns and verbs
- 5.4.2 Adjectives and adverbs
- 5.5 Function signs
- 5.5.1 The pointing sign index
- 5.5.2 Adpositions
- 5.5.3 Conjunctions
- 5.5.4 Particles
- 5.5.5 Auxiliaries
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 6. Syntax: simple sentences
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Function of constituents
- 6.3 Valency
- 6.4 Semantic and grammatical roles
- 6.5 Sign order
- 6.5.1 Basic order at the sentence level
- 6.5.2 Sign order within the noun phrase
- 6.6 Topicalization
- 6.7 Sentence types
- 6.7.1 Interrogatives
- 6.7.2 Imperatives
- 6.8 Negation and affirmation
- 6.9 Pronominalization and pro-drop
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 7. Syntax: complex sentences
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Complement clauses and direct speech
- 7.2.1 Complement clauses
- 7.2.2 Role shift and direct speech
- 7.3 Adverbial clauses
- 7.3.1 Temporal clauses
- 7.3.2 Causal and purpose clauses
- 7.3.3 Conditional clauses
- 7.4 Relative clauses
- 7.5 Coordination
- 7.5.1 Types of coordination
- 7.5.2 Ellipsis
- 7.5.3 Differences between subordination and coordination
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 8. Lexicon
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 What can be a sign?
- 8.3 Form and meaning: iconicity
- 8.4 The frozen and the productive lexicon
- 8.5 Sign language dictionaries
- 8.6 Meaning and meaning relations
- 8.7 Metaphor and idiom
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 9. Morphology
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Word formation: sequentiality versus simultaneity
- 9.3 Compounding
- 9.4 Derivation
- 9.5 Inflection
- 9.5.1 Tense and aspect
- 9.5.2 Agreement
- 9.5.3 Pluralization
- 9.6 Incorporation and classification
- 9.6.1 Incorporation
- 9.6.2 Classification
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 10. Phonetics
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Production
- 10.2.1 Muscles, joints, and body parts
- 10.2.2 Symmetrical articulators: the two hands
- 10.3 Perception
- 10.4 Phonetic variation
- 10.5 Notation systems for sign languages
- 10.6 Language technology
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 11. Phonology
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Handshape
- 11.2.1 Selection and position of fingers
- 11.2.2 Frequency and markedness
- 11.2.3 Allophonic handshapes
- 11.3 Orientation
- 11.4 Location
- 11.5 Movement
- 11.6 Non-manual aspects in the lexicon
- 11.7 Two-handed signs
- 11.8 Phonological processes
- 11.9 Iconicity and phonology
- 11.10 Prosody
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 12. Language variation and standardization
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 What constitutes a standard language?
- 12.3 What counts as a dialect in sign languages?
- 12.4 Variation in sign languages
- 12.4.1 Factors related to the language user
- 12.4.2 Factors related to the context of language use
- 12.5 Status and recognition of sign languages
- 12.6 The politics of language and language policy
- 12.7 Standardization
- 12.7.1 Non-directed standardization: the role of sign language dictionaries and the media
- 12.7.2 The directed standardization process
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 13. Language contact and change
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Sign languages in historical perspective
- 13.3 Sign language families
- 13.4 Diachronic change
- 13.4.1 Changes at different linguistic levels
- 13.4.2 Grammaticalization
- 13.4.3 Lexicalization
- 13.5 Language contact
- 13.5.1 Signed and spoken languages
- 13.5.2 Code-switching, code-mixing, and code-blending
- 13.5.3 Contact between sign languages
- 13.5.4 Sign languages in contact with spoken languages
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- 14. Bilingualism and deaf education
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Bilingual deaf communities
- 14.3 Deaf education
- 14.3.1 History of deaf education
- 14.3.2 Bilingual education
- Summary
- Test yourself
- Assignments
- References and further reading
- Appendix 1: Notation conventions
- 1. Transcription of sign language examples
- 1.1 Sign language examples in Salute
- 1.2 Sign language examples in glosses
- 2. Abbreviations
- 2.1 Sign language acronyms
- 2.2 Abbreviations in interlinear translations
- Appendix 2: Examples of manual alphabets
- References
- Websites
- Index
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