Non-Selfadjoint Operators in Quantum Physics

Preface xvii Acronyms xix Glossary xxi Symbols xxiii Introduction 1 F. Bagarello, J.P. Gazeau, F. Szafraniec, and M. Znojil References 5 1 Non-Self-Adjoint Operators in Quantum Physics: Ideas, People, and Trends 7 Miloslav Znojil 1.1 The Challenge of Non-Hermiticity in Quantum Physics 7 1.2 A Periodization of the Recent History of Study of Non-Self-Adjoint Operators in Quantum Physics 11 1.3 Main Message: New Classes of Quantum Bound States 18 1.4 Probabilistic Interpretation of the New Models 29 1.5 Innovations in Mathematical Physics 34 1.6 Scylla of Nonlocality or Charybdis of Nonunitarity? 37 1.7 Trends 45 References 50 2 Operators of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator and Its Relatives 59 Franciszek Hugon Szafraniec 2.1 Introducing to Unbounded Hilbert Space Operators 60 2.2 Commutation Relations 88 2.3 The q-Oscillators 106 2.4 Back to "Hermicity"--A Way to See It 113 Concluding Remarks 115 References 115 3 Deformed Canonical (Anti-)Commutation Relations and Non-Self-Adjoint Hamiltonians 121 Fabio Bagarello 3.1 Introduction 121 3.2 The Mathematics of D-PBs 123 3.3 D-PBs in Quantum Mechanics 145 3.4 Other Appearances of D-PBs in Quantum Mechanics 158 3.5 A Much Simpler Case: Pseudo-Fermions 174 3.6 A Possible Extension: Nonlinear D-PBs 182 3.7 Conclusions 184 3.8 Acknowledgments 185 References 185 4 Criteria for the Reality of the Spectrum of PT -Symmetric Schrödinger Operators and for the Existence of PT -Symmetric Phase Transitions 189 Emanuela Caliceti and Sandro Graffi 4.1 Introduction 189 4.2 Perturbation Theory and Global Control of the Spectrum 191 4.3 One-Dimensional PT -Symmetric Hamiltonians: Criteria for the Reality of the Spectrum 194 4.4 PT -Symmetric Periodic Schrödinger Operators with Real Spectrum 200 4.5 An Example of PT -Symmetric Phase Transition 206 4.6 The Method of the Quantum Normal Form 219 Appendix: Moyal Brackets and theWeyl Quantization 232 A.1 Moyal Brackets 232 A.2 The Weyl Quantization 236 References 238 5 Elements of Spectral Theory without the Spectral Theorem 241 David Krejei?ík and Petr Siegl 5.1 Introduction 241 5.2 Closed Operators in Hilbert Spaces 242 5.3 How to Whip Up a Closed Operator 257 5.4 Compactness and a Spectral Life Without It 266 5.5 Similarity to Normal Operators 273 5.6 Pseudospectra 281 References 288 6 PT -Symmetric Operators in Quantum Mechanics: Krein Spaces Methods 293 Sergio Albeverio and Sergii Kuzhel 6.1 Introduction 293 6.2 Elements of the Krein Spaces Theory 295 6.3 Self-Adjoint Operators in Krein Spaces 304 6.4 Elements of PT -Symmetric Operators Theory 320 References 340 7 Metric Operators, Generalized Hermiticity and Lattices of Hilbert Spaces 345 Jean-Pierre Antoine and Camillo Trapani 7.1 Introduction 345 7.2 Some Terminology 347 7.3 Similar and Quasi-Similar Operators 349 7.4 The Lattice Generated by a Single Metric Operator 362 7.5 Quasi-Hermitian Operators 367 7.6 The LHS Generated by Metric Operators 380 7.7 Similarity for PIP-Space Operators 382 7.8 The Case of Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians 389 7.9 Conclusion 392 Appendix: Partial Inner Product Spaces 392 A.1 PIP-Spaces and Indexed PIP-Spaces 392 A.2 Operators on Indexed PIP-space S 395 A.2.1 Symmetric Operators 396 A.2.2 Regular Operators, Morphisms, and Projections 397 References 399 Index 403