
Figurative Language - Intersubjectivity and Usage
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Content
- Intro
- Figurative Language - Intersubjectivity and Usage
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of contributors
- Introduction. Figurative language: Intersubjectivity and usage
- 1. Figurative language, intersubjectivity and usage
- 2. Social and empirical turn in figurativity research
- 3. Overview of the sections and contributions
- 3.1 Part one. Intersubjectivity and interaction
- 3.2 Part two. Mechanisms and processes
- 3.3 Part three. Usage and variation
- References
- Part I. Intersubjectivity and interaction
- Second-order empathy, pragmatic ambiguity, and irony
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Demarcations
- 3. Ambiguities
- 3.1 Referential ambiguity
- 3.2 Speech-act-related ambiguity
- 3.3 Sociocommunicative ambiguity
- 3.4 Non-verbal empathic ambiguity
- 4. Representatives
- 5. Conclusions
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Desiderata for metaphor theory, the Motivation & Sedimentation Model and motion-emotion metaphoremes
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Five desiderata for a contemporary theory of metaphor
- 2.1 Combining communication and cognition
- 2.2 Combining the universal and the culture-specific
- 2.3 Combining stable and dynamic aspects
- 2.4 Metaphors across semiotic systems
- 2.5 Explicit theoretical and operational definitions
- 2.6 Summary
- 3. Metaphor within the Motivation & Sedimentation Model
- 4. Comparing motion-emotion metaphoremes across languages
- 4.1 General considerations
- 4.2 Methodology
- 4.3 Results
- 4.4 Summary
- 5. Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Appendix
- Evaluating metaphor accounts via their pragmatic effects
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Metaphor accounts
- 2.1 Similarity
- 2.2 Categorization
- 2.3 Conceptual metaphor
- 2.4 Blending
- 2.5 Embodied simulation
- 3. Varyingly structured metaphors
- 4. Predictions of metaphor accounts
- 4.1 Similarity predictions
- 4.2 Categorization predictions
- 4.3 Conceptual metaphor predictions
- 4.4 Blending predictions
- 4.5 Embodied simulation predictions
- 5. Experiments
- 5.1 Participants
- 5.2 Materials
- 5.3 Results
- 5.5 Discussion
- References
- Appendix. Contexts and utterances used in the Experiments
- The multimodal negotiation of irony and humor in interaction: On the role of eye gaze in joint pretense
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Irony and humor in interaction
- 3. Eye gaze in interaction
- 4. Eye gaze and interactional humor
- 5. Research questions and data set
- 6. A micro-analysis of selected sequences
- 7. Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Part II. Mechanisms and processes
- Metaphor and irony: Messy when mixed
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Examples of irony/metaphor mixing
- 2.1 Some examples suitable for irony-upon-metaphor
- 2.2 An example suitable for metaphor-upon-irony
- 3. A (non-fatal) problem with metaphor-upon-irony analyses
- 3.1 The potential and cost of metaphor-upon-irony analysis
- 3.2 Pasta and siestas revisited
- 3.3 A middle way
- 4. The ironicity-first processing strategy
- 5. Further discussion: When other analyses are appropriate
- 5.1 Contrast-imbued analogy and metaphor
- 5.2 Parallel versus serial mixing of irony and metaphor
- 5.3 Metaphor within attitude-wrapped irony
- 5.4 Hyperbole in metaphor/irony mixtures
- 6. Summary and conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Funding
- References
- Metonymic indeterminacy and metalepsis: Getting two (or more) targets for the price of one vehicle
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Metonymic interaction: Chains and tiers
- 3. Metonymic indeterminacy
- 3.1 Sylleptic and complementary metonymies
- 3.2 Metonymy and metalepsis
- 3.3 Multiple metonymic targets
- 4. Recapitulation and concluding remarks
- Acknowledgements
- Funding
- References
- On verbal and situational irony: Towards a unified approach
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Verbal irony
- 2.1 Pretense versus echo
- 2.2 Verbal irony as a clash between scenarios
- 2.3 Pretended agreement
- 2.4 Chained reasoning schemas in verbal irony
- 3. Situational irony
- 3.1 Previous accounts of situational irony
- 3.2 The epistemic scenario
- 3.3 Chained reasoning schemas in situational irony
- 4. The unified approach: A common framework for verbal and situational irony
- 5. Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Funding
- References
- On figurative ambiguity, marking, and low-salience meanings
- 1. Introduction - disambiguation vs. ambiguation
- 2. The phenomenon of marking multiple meanings
- 2.1 Why ambiguation?: Why marking?
- 2.2 Is ambiguation the same as punning?
- 2.3 Does ambiguation always involve a figurative meaning and a literal meaning?
- 3. Ambiguity processing models and their predictions for marked ambiguity
- 3.1 Which meanings benefit from marking?
- 3.2 The Low-Salience Marking Hypothesis
- 4. Experiments
- 4.1 Experiment 1 - an offline study
- 4.2 Experiment 2 - an online study
- 5. General discussion
- Acknowledgements
- Funding
- References
- Appendix
- Part III. Usage and variation
- Metaphor, metonymy and polysemy: A historical perspective
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The semantic history of dull
- 3. The emergence of the sense 'not bright'
- 4. Motivation for the meaning 'not sharp'
- 5. Conclusion
- References
- Appendix. Abridged OED2 entry for dull
- Dull, adj
- Psycholinguistic approaches to figuration
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Meaning activation and cross-modal priming
- 2.1 Investigating figurative processing using cross-modal priming
- 2.2 Interacting variables in idiom processing
- 2.3 Cross-modal priming and metaphor processing
- 2.4 Other approaches to priming in the study of figurative language
- 3. Resolving meaning in context: The use of eye-tracking
- 3.1 Eye-tracking and the 'idiom superiority effect'
- 3.2 Figurative vs. literal meaning in idiom processing
- 3.3 Eye-tracking and the processing of metaphor and metonymy
- 3.4 Individual differences in the processing of figurative language
- 3.5 The importance of familiarity and conventionalization in figurative processing
- 3.6 Eye-tracking in other contexts
- 4. Conclusions
- 4.1 Implications for theories of figurative processing
- References
- Appendix. List of experimental studies
- The fabric of metaphor in discourse: Interweaving cognition and discourse in figurative language
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Concepts and units of analysis of metaphor in use
- 3. Online and off-line levels of metaphor in use
- 4. Exploring local mappings in a metaphor niche
- 5. Conclusions
- References
- Sources of verbal humor in the lexicon: A usage-based perspective on incongruity
- 1. Introductory remarks on investigating verbal humor in the lexicon
- 2. Nominal compounds and the humorousness of metaphor
- 3. Verbal humor in the French and Italian lexicon
- 4. Reinterpreting incongruity from a usage-based perspective: A semiotic typology
- I. Conceptual aspects as a source of verbal humor
- II. The signified as a source of verbal humor
- III. The signifier as a source of verbal humor
- IV. The phonic or graphic realization of the sequence of signs as a source of verbal humor
- V. Verbal humor related to the referent (and the target concept)
- VI. Pragmatic factors of verbal humor that are related to speaker-hearer interaction
- 5. Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Measuring the impact of (non)figurativity in the cultural conceptualization of emotions in the two main national varieties of Portuguese
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Cultural variability of anger and pride and cultural differences between Portugal and Brazil
- 3. Corpus data and methodology
- 3.1 Data
- 3.2 Multifactorial usage-feature and profile analysis
- 3.3 Conceptual metaphors and the profile-based approach
- 3.4 Multivariate quantitative methods
- 4. Results
- 4.1 Multiple correspondence analysis: Feature clusters of anger and pride
- 4.2 Logistic regression analysis: anger and pride features predicting EP and BP varieties
- 4.3 Multiple correspondence analysis: Profiles of anger and pride metaphors
- 4.4 Logistic regression analysis: anger and pride metaphors predicting EP and BP varieties
- 5. Conclusions
- Funding
- References
- Index
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