
Book of Numbers
Description
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The book of Numbers tells a story with two main characters-God and Israel. The way the story is told sounds odd and often harsh to readers today. The main point of the book is nevertheless of immense importance for God's people in any age: exact obedience to God is crucial. This comprehensive and erudite commentary presents a thorough explication of this significant Hebrew text. Timothy Ashley's introduction discusses such questions as structure, authorship, and theological themes, and it features an extended bibliography of major works on the book of Numbers. Then, dividing the text of Numbers into five major sections, Ashley elucidates the theological themes of obedience and disobedience, which run throughout. His detailed verse-by-verse comments primarily explain the Hebrew text of Numbers as it stands rather than speculate on how the book came to be in its present form.
This second edition includes revisions that reflect Ashley's decades of experience with the book of Numbers, as well as updates to the footnotes and bibliography, which add many important works published in the last thirty years. With these new features, Ashley's commentary solidifies its place as the church's most faithful and definitive reference on the book of Numbers.
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Content
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Excursuses
- General Editor's Preface
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
- List of Abbreviations
- Select Bibliography
- Introduction
- I. Title and Contents
- II. Structure
- III. Authorship, Composition, and Interpretation of the Text
- IV. Theological Themes
- V. Text and Versions
- VI. Analysis of Contents
- Text and Commentary
- I. Preparation for Departure (1:1-10:10)
- A. Matters concerning the People and the Camp (1:1-6:27)
- 1. The Censuses and the Arrangements of the March (1:1-4:49)
- a. First Lay Census (1:1-54)
- (1) The Leaders (1:1-16)
- (2) The Census Itself (1:17-47)
- (a) Introduction (1:17-19)
- (b) The Census Lists (1:20-47)
- (3) The Levites Are Excepted (1:48-54)
- b. Placement of the Camp and Marching Order (2:1-34)
- c. The Levitical Censuses (3:1-4:49)
- (1) General Census (3:1-39)
- (a) Introduction of the Family of Aaron (3:1-13)
- (b) The Census Itself (3:14-39)
- (2) The Levites for the Firstborn (3:40-51)
- (3) The Census of Working Levites (4:1-49)
- 2. Various Legal Enactments (5:1-6:27)
- a. The Camp Must Be Kept Free from Those with Serious Skin Disease (5:1-4)
- b. Restitution When There Is No Kinsman (5:5-10)
- c. The Jealous Husband (5:11-31)
- d. The Law of the Nazirite (6:1-21)
- e. The Aaronic Benediction (6:22-27)
- B. Various Matters concerning the Tabernacle (7:1-10:10)
- 1. Offerings by Tribal Leaders (7:1-89)
- 2. Lamps in the Tabernacle (8:1-4)
- 3. Consecration of Levites (8:5-22)
- 4. The Levites' Work (8:23-26)
- 5. Supplement to the Passover Law (9:1-14)
- 6. Preparations to Depart (9:15-10:10)
- a. Fiery Cloud (9:15-23)
- b. Silver Trumpets (10:1-10)
- II. The Journey from Mt. Sinai to Kadesh-barnea (10:11-12:16)
- A. Departure from Mt. Sinai (10:11-36)
- B. Crises of Authority along the Way (11:1-12:16)
- 1. At Taberah (11:1-3)
- 2. At Kibroth-hattaavah (11:4-35)
- 3. At Hazeroth (12:1-16)
- III. In and Around Kadesh-barnea (13:1-19:22)
- A. The Leaders' Reconnaissance (13:1-14:45)
- 1. Leaders Are Selected (13:1-16)
- 2. Leaders Go and Return (13:17-33)
- 3. Responses to the Leaders' Reports (14:1-45)
- a. Responses by People and Leaders (14:1-10a)
- b. Yahweh Responds (14:10b-38)
- c. The People Attempt to Enter Canaan (14:39-45)
- B. Cultic Legislation (15:1-41)
- 1. Supplementary Laws of the Offerings (15:1-16)
- 2. First of the Dough (15:17-21)
- 3. Purification Offering (15:22-31)
- 4. Case Law on Capital Punishment for Sabbath Violation (15:32-36)
- 5. Tassels on Garments for Remembrance (15:37-41)
- C. Legitimation of Aaron's Priesthood (16:1-17:13 [16:1-17:28])
- 1. Rebellions of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (16:1-35)
- 2. Aftermath of Rebellions (16:36-50 [17:1-15])
- 3. Aaron's Budding Rod (17:1-13 [17:16-28])
- D. Further Cultic Legislation (18:1-19:22)
- 1. Redefined Role for Priests and Levites (18:1-32)
- a. Responsibilities of Priests and Levites (18:1-7)
- b. Support of Priests (18:8-20)
- c. Support of Levites (18:21-24)
- d. Tithe of the Tithe (18:25-32)
- 2. The Red Cow (19:1-22)
- a. Making the Waters of Impurity (19:1-10)
- b. Using the Waters of Impurity (19:11-22)
- IV. The Journey from Kadesh-barnea to the Plains of Moab (20:1-22:1)
- A. Death of Miriam and Disaster at Meribah (20:1-13)
- B. Request to Pass through Edom (20:14-21)
- C. Death of Aaron (20:22-29)
- D. Second Battle of Hormah (21:1-3)
- E. Fiery Serpents (21:4-9)
- F. Travel Itinerary (21:10-20)
- G. Wars Against Sihon and Og (21:21-22:1)
- V. On the Plains of Moab (22:2-36:13)
- A. Story of Balaam (22:2-24:25)
- 1. Encounter between Balak and Balaam (22:2-40)
- a. Messengers Find Balaam (22:2-21)
- b. Balaam and the Donkey (22:22-35)
- c. Balak Meets with Balaam (22:36-40)
- 2. First and Second Oracles (22:41-23:26)
- a. Introductory Preparations (22:41-23:6)
- b. First Oracle (23:7-12)
- c. Second Oracle (23:13-26)
- 3. Third, Fourth, and Final Oracles (23:27-24:25)
- a. Third Oracle (23:27-24:13)
- b. Fourth Oracle (24:14-19)
- c. Final Oracles (24:20-25)
- B. Incident of Baal-peor (25:1-18)
- C. The Second Census (26:1-65 [25:19-26:65])
- D. Daughters of Zelophehad (27:1-11)
- E. Joshua Named as Moses's Successor (27:12-23)
- F. Further Legislation (28:1-30:16 [28:1-30:17])
- 1. Cultic Calendar (28:1-29:40 [28:1-30:1])
- 2. Women's Vows (30:1-16[2-17])
- G. War with Midian (31:1-54)
- H. Transjordanian Inheritance (32:1-42)
- I. Travel Itinerary (33:1-49)
- J. Regulations for Living in Canaan (33:50-36:13)
- 1. Introduction: Canaanites Must Be Expelled (33:50-56)
- 2. Borders of the Land (34:1-15)
- 3. Leaders to Draw Israel's Borders (34:16-29)
- 4. Cities of the Levites (35:1-8)
- 5. Cities of Refuge (35:9-34)
- 6. Additional Legislation for Daughters of Zelophehad (36:1-13)
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