Emergency War Surgery
The Survivalist's Medical Desk Reference
1st Edition
Published on 1. February 2012
488 pages
978-1-62636-645-9 (ISBN)
Description
Military surgeons must assume a leadership role in combat casualty care in circumstances that are far less than ideal. This handbook provides much of the information needed to tackle these issues and features state-of-the-art principles and practices of forward trauma surgery as used by military physicians in far flung locations around the globe. Featuring nearly 200 illustrations demonstrating proper techniques, Emergency War Surgery is the most trusted and up-to-date manual offered by the Department of Defense for military medical personnel in the field.
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02/2012
Skyhorse Publishing
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Content
- Intro
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Dedication
- List of Tables
- Editorial & Production
- Editorial Board
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Foreword
- Preface
- Prologue
- Envoi
- Chapter 1: Weapons Effects and Parachute Injuries
- Epidemiology of Injuries
- Mechanism of Injury
- Antipersonnel Landmines
- Small Arms
- Armored Vehicle Crew Casualties Unexploded Ordnance
- Parachute Injuries
- Chapter 2: Levels of Medical Care
- Level I
- Level II
- Level III
- Level IV
- Level V
- Chapter 3: Triage
- Triage Categories
- Alternative Triage Categories Resource Constraints
- Triage Decision Making
- Setup, Staffing, and Operation of Triage System
- Additional Triage Operation Tips
- Chapter 4: Aeromedical Evacuation
- Medical Considerations
- Implications of Aviation Environment
- Medical Evacuation Precedences
- PMRC Phone Numbers
- AE Process
- Critical Care Air Transport Teams
- Chapter 5: Airway/Breathing
- Initial Airway Management
- Ventilation
- Orotracheal Intubation
- Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) Steps
- Difficult Airway
- Surgical Cricothyrotomy
- Laryngeal Mask Airway
- Blind Nasal-Tracheal Intubation
- Chapter 6: Hemorrhage Control
- Stop the Bleeding!
- Sites of Hemorrhage
- Treatment - First Responder
- Tourniquet
- Internal Bleeding
- Dressings and Bandages
- Hemostatic Agents
- Chapter 7: Shock and Resuscitation
- Recognition and Classification of Shock
- Treatment of Traumatic Shock - Control Bleeding!
- Concept of Controlled Resuscitation
- Transfusion Therapy
- Walking Blood Bank
- Chapter 8: Vascular Access
- Subclavian Vein or Internal Jugular Vein
- Greater Saphenous Vein Cutdowns
- IO Infusion
- Chapter 9: Anesthesia
- Airway
- Indications for a Definitive Airway
- Induction of General Anesthesia
- Rapid Sequence Intubation Checklist
- The Difficult Airway
- Maintenance of General Anesthesia
- Conclusion of General Anesthesia
- Regional Anesthesia
- Field Anesthesia Equipment
- Chapter 10: Infections
- Diagnosis of a Wound Infection
- Common Microorganisms
- Common Patterns of Infection
- Treatment
- Specific Infections
- Empiric Antibiotic Coverage Table
- Systemic Sepsis
- Dosage Table
- Chapter 11: Critical Care
- Damage Control
- Resuscitation From Shock
- Specific Organ Systems:
- Traumatic Brain Injury/CNS
- Pulmonary System and Ventilators
- ARDS
- Cardiovascular System
- Renal System and Electrolytes
- Hematologic System
- Gastrointestinal System and Nutrition
- Immune System and Infections
- Endocrine System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Preparation for Evacuation
- Chapter 12: Damage Control Surgery
- General Considerations
- Phase 1: Primary Operation and Hemorrhage Control
- Thoracic Injuries
- Phase 2: Critical Care Considerations
- Phase 3: Planned Reoperation
- Conduct of Relaparotomy
- Austere Field and Military Surgical Considerations
- Chapter 13: Face and Neck Injuries
- Immediate Management of Facial Injuries:
- Airway
- Vascular Injury
- Facial Bone Fracture Management
- Soft Tissue Injuries
- Penetrating Neck Trauma
- Surgical Principles:
- Vertebral Artery Injury
- Internal Carotid Artery Injury
- Intraoral Injuries
- Internal Jugular Vein Injury
- Laryngotracheal Injuries
- Tracheal Injury and Reconstruction
- Esophageal Injury and Repair
- Combined Injuries
- Esophageal Fistula
- Skull Base, Temporal Bone and Otologic Injury
- Chapter 14: Ocular Injuries
- Triage of Patients With Eye Injuries
- Identifying Severe Eye Injuries
- Open Globe
- Immediate Treatment of an Open Globe
- Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
- Treatment of Chemical Injuries of the Cornea
- Corneal Abrasions
- Corneal Ulcer and Bacterial Keratitis
- Hyphema: Blood in the Anterior Chamber
- Retrobulbar (Orbital) Hemorrhage
- Lateral Canthotomy/Cantholysis
- Orbital Floor (Blowout) Fractures
- Lid Lacerations
- Laser Eye Injuries
- Enucleation
- Chapter 15: Head Injuries
- Combat Head Injury Types
- Traditional Classification of Head Injuries
- Mechanisms of Injury
- Patient Assessment and Triage
- Glasgow Coma Scale Table
- Management, Medical
- Management, Surgical
- Evacuation of the Severely Head-Injured Patient
- Chapter 16: Thoracic Injuries
- Anatomic Considerations
- Evaluation and Diagnosis
- Life-Threatening Injuries
- Surgical Management:
- Tube Thoracostomy
- Resuscitative Thoracotomy
- Subxiphoid Pericardial Window
- Median Sternotomy
- Other Approaches
- Specific Injuries:
- Vascular
- Heart
- Lung
- Tracheobroncial Tree
- Esophagus
- Diaphragm
- Chapter 17: Abdominal Injuries
- Diagnosis of Abdominal Injury
- Indications for Laparotomy - Who, When, and Where
- Diagnostic Adjuncts
- Abdominal Ultrasound
- Ultrasound Views
- Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
- CT Scan
- Wound Exploration
- Operative Planning and Exposure Techniques
- Stomach Injuries
- Duodenum Injuries
- Pancreas Injuries
- Liver Injuries
- Biliary Tract Injuries
- Splenic Injuries
- Small-Bowel Injuries
- Colon Injuries
- Rectal Injuries
- Retroperitoneal Injuries
- Abdominal Closure
- Chapter 18: Genitourinary Tract Injuries
- Renal Injuries
- Ureteral Injuries
- Bladder Injuries
- Urethral Injuries
- External Genitalia Injuries
- Chapter 19: Gynecologic Trauma and Emergencies
- Vulva
- Vagina
- Uterus/Cervix
- Emergenty Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
- Adnexa
- Retroperitoneal Hematoma
- Gynecologic/Obstetric Emergencies
- Precipitous Vaginal Delivery
- Emergency Cesarean Section
- Uterine Atony
- Neonatal Resuscitation
- Chapter 20: Wounds and Injuries of the Spinal Column and Cord
- Classification
- Pathophysiology of the Injury to the Spinal Cord
- Patient Transport:
- Extrication
- Anatomical Considerations
- Emergent Surgery
- Pharmacologic Treatment
- General Management Considerations
- Chapter 21: Pelvic Injuries
- Blunt Injuries
- Penetrating Injuries
- Chapter 22: Soft-Tissue Injuries
- Presurgical Care
- Surgical Wound Management Priorities
- Wound Care
- Wound Management After Initial Surgery
- Crush Syndrome
- Compartment Syndrome
- Fasciotomy Technique
- Chapter 23: Extremity Fractures
- General Considerations for Wound Management
- Transportation Casts
- Hip, Femur, and Knee, and Tibia Fractures
- Proximal/Mid/Distal Tibia and Ankle Fractures
- Shoulder and Humeral Shaft Fractures
- Elbow/Forearm
- Bivalving Casts
- External Fixation:
- General Technique
- Femur Diaphyseal Fracture Technique
- Tibia Shaft Fracture Technique
- Technique to Span Knee
- Technique to Span Ankle
- Skeletal Traction
- Care in the Evacuation Chain
- Chapter 24: Open-Joint Injuries
- Treatment of All Open-Joint Injury
- Signs of Joint Sepsis
- Special Considerations for Hip Wounds
- Hip Exploration Technique
- Special Considerations for the Shoulder
- Chapter 25: Amputations
- Technique of Amputation
- Dressings and Prevention of Skin Retraction
- Skin Traction
- Postoperative Management
- Transportation Casts:
- Cast Application Techniques
- Shoulder Spica Cast
- Long Arm Cast
- Chapter 26: Injuries to the Hands and Feet
- Types of Injury
- The Hand:
- Evaluation and Initial Management
- Treatment of Hand Compartment Syndrome
- Surgical Technique
- Specific Tissue Management
- Dressing and Splinting
- The Foot:
- Evaluation and Initial Management
- Injuries to the Hindfoot
- Injuries to the Midfoot
- Injuries to the Toes
- Foot Compartment Syndrome
- Stabilization
- Chapter 27: Vascular Injuries
- Evaluation and Diagnosis
- Management Aspects
- Shunt Placement Technique
- Compartment Syndrome
- Post-op Care
- Chapter 28: Burn Injuries
- Point-of-Injury Care
- Primary Survey
- Escharotomy
- Estimation of Fluid Resuscitation Needs
- Monitoring the Burn Patient
- Secondary Survey
- Resuscitation Management, First 24 Hours
- Resuscitation Management, Second 24 Hours
- Burn Wound Care
- Extremity Care
- Other Considerations
- Electrical Injury
- Chemical Burns
- White Phosphorous Burn
- "How I Do It": Excision and Grafting
- Chapter 29: Environmental Injuries
- Cold Injuries
- Non-Freezing Cold Injury
- Hypothermia
- Treatment
- Heat Injury
- Altitude Illness
- Chapter 30: Radiological Injuries
- Triage
- Potential Injuries
- Treatment of Combined Injuries
- Decontamination
- Logistics of Casualty Management
- Chapter 31: Biological Warfare Agents
- Detection
- Diagnosis
- Prevention and Protection
- Decontamination - Personnel, Equipment, and Clothing
- Infection Control
- Medical Evacuation
- Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Biological Agents
- Bacterial Agents
- Viral Agents
- Chapter 32: Chemical Injuries
- Personal Protection
- Initial Treatment Priorities
- Specific Chemical Warfare (CW) Agents and Treatment:
- Nerve Agents
- Vesicants
- Lung Damaging (Choking) Agents
- The Cyanogens
- Incapacitation Agents
- Thickened Agents
- Surgical Treatment of Chemical Casualties
- Off-Gassing
- Use of Hypochlorite Solution
- Wound Exploration and Debridement
- Following the Surgical Procedure
- Chapter 33: Pediatric Care
- Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations
- Pulmonary
- Cardiovascular
- Burns
- Gastrointestinal
- Hematology
- Renal
- Evaluation and Diagnosis
- Modified Glagow Coma Scale
- Treatment
- Equipment and Supplies
- Commonly Used Drugs and Dosages
- Surgical Management
- Chapter 34: Care of Enemy Prisoners of War/Internees
- The Geneva Conventions
- EPW/Retained/Detained Medical Care (Internees)
- What Healthcare Providers Should Do
- What Healthcare Providers Should Not Do
- Recusal
- Setup/Planning
- Interpreters - Always a Shortage
- Screening
- Supply
- Medical Staffing
- Legal
- Internee Advocate
- Security
- Appendix 1: Principles of Medical Ethics
- Appendix 2: Glasgow Coma Scale
- Appendix 3: Theater Joint Trauma Record
- Index
