The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation

Notes on Contributors viii

Editors' Introduction: Science, Technology, and Innovation Go Global 1
Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti

Part I Global Trends 13

1 The Convergence Paradox: The Global Evolution of National Innovation Systems 15
Fulvio Castellacci and Jose Miguel Natera

2 World Top University Rankings: From Distribution to Implications on National Knowledge Creation and Competitiveness 46
Thanh Quang Le and Kam Ki Tang

3 The International Race of Top Supercomputers and Its Implications 69
Kam Ki Tang and Thanh Quang Le

4 Soft Innovation and Changes in Product Aesthetics: An Omitted Dimension in Economic Analyses of Innovation Activities 88
Paul Stoneman

5 Is the World of Science Moving to the East? What Bibliometrics Says 109
Ping Zhou and Jiang li

Part II The Globalization of Technology and Innovation 125

6 Innovation, Internationalization, and the Transnational Corporation 127
Grazia Ietto]Gillies

7 International R&D Alliances by Firms: Origins and Development 144
Rajneesh Narula and Andrea Martínez]Noya

8 The Globalization of Knowledge]Intensive Services 171
Ian Miles and Marcela Miozzo

9 Capital and Technology Flows: Changing Technology Acquisition Strategies in Developing Countries 191
Suma Athreye and Sandeep Kapur

10 Clusters and Global Innovation: The Role of Connectedness and Connectivity 212
Mark Lorenzen and Ram Mudambi

11 New Product Development in Emerging Economies: Innovation in Reverse from China 228
Simone Corsi, Alberto Di Minin, and Andrea Piccaluga

12 Crowdfunding: Toward the Democratization of Innovation Financing 245
Alessandro Cordova, Johanna Dolci, and Gianfranco Gianfrate

Part III Spaces and Flows of Knowledge 267

13 Harnessing the Geography of Innovation: Toward Evidence]Based Economic Development Policy 269
Maryann P. Feldman and Jongmin Choi

14 Multinational Enterprises Innovation Networks and the Role of Cities 290
Simona Iammarino and Philip McCann

15 The Rise of the Global Creative Class 313
Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander

16 Global Science Collaboration 343
Stefan Hennemann and Ingo Liefner

17 International Mobility of Scientists 364
Kieron Flanagan

18 The Role of Global Connectedness in the Development of Indigenous Science in Middle]Income Countries 382
Helena Barnard, Robin Cowan, Marta Fernandez de Arroyabe Arranz, and Moritz Müller

19 Global Trends in Brain Drain and Likely Scenario in the Coming Years 407
Alessio Terzi

Part IV Global Institutions and Intellectual Property Rights 419

20 The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights 421
Andrea Filippetti and Daniele Archibugi

21 Patents, Monopoly Power, and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in Low]Income Nations 443
F.M. Scherer

22 Global Governance and Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Information Society: At the Crossroads of IPRs and Innovation 458
Paolo Davide Farah and Riccardo Tremolada

Part V The Global Governance of Science and Technology 477

23 Knowledge as Global Public Good 479
Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti

24 From Governmental Open Data Toward Governmental Open Innovation (GOI): A Global Perspective 504
Sabine Brunswicker and Jeremiah Johnson

25 Serendipity and Chance in Scientific Discovery: Policy Implications for Global Society 525
Donald Gillies

26 Global Climate Change and the Direction of Technological Change 540
Andrew Tylecote

27 Global Risks: Cause and Consequence of the New Interactions Between Science, Technology, and Society 558
Jean]Yves Heurtebise

28 Globalization, Regionalization, and Technological Change 575
Frederick Guy

Index 597