Beyond the Lab: Applications of Cognitive Research in Memory and Learning
Applications of Cognitive Research in Memory and Learning
Published on 1. October 2007
299 pages
978-1-61324-891-1 (ISBN)
Description
Psychological research in perception, learning, memory and cognition seeks to explain human thinking and behavior. This research is relevant to many everyday situations. However, the potential applications of research are often discussed only in general terms. Examining how research in areas such as memory and learning can be applied to everyday situations has the potential to lead to new insights that could ultimately solve many practical issues that exist in society today. This book examines four important areas of functioning: memory performance and how it might be improved; affective functioning with specific reference to anxiety and depression; perceptual functioning in relation to visual discomfort and colour perception; and childrenâEUR(TM)s literacy learning and remediation of reading difficulties.
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Glenda Andrews | David Neumann
Beyond the Lab
Applications of Cognitive Research in Memory & Learning
Book
05/2012
Nova Science Publishers Inc
€303.05
Shipment within 15-20 days
Content
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- Does Video Game Playing Impact on Short-Term Memory Task Performance?
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Experiment 1
- Method
- Results and Discussion
- Experiment 2
- Method
- Results and Discussion
- General Discussion
- Applications
- Conclusion
- Author Notes
- References
- Chapter 2
- Prior Exposure to Words in Meaningful Conceptual Hierarchies Improves Recall of Randomly Arranged Words
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Method
- Participants
- Materials
- Procedure
- Design
- Results
- Free Recall
- Item-Per-Category Scores
- Category-Access Scores
- Correlations
- Repetitions and Intrusions
- Discussion
- Applications
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3
- Self-Referent Encoding Facilitates Recency Discrimination and Recognition in Episodic Memory
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Method
- Participants
- Stimuli and Materials
- Procedure
- Design
- Results
- Discussion
- Applications
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4
- Context Effects on Memory Retrieval Following the Pavlovian Extinction Process in Humans and Its Application in the Reduction of Return of Fear
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pavlovian Conditioning and Extinction of Fear
- Theoretical Conceptualisations of the Acquisition and Extinction of Pavlovian Conditioned Responses
- Contextually Modulated Mechanisms of Return of Fear
- Research on Renewal in Humans
- Laboratory Findings on Return of Fear via Renewal and Its Ecological Validity
- The Generality of the Return of Fear to an ABC Renewal Design
- Summary of the Generality of Return of Fear to an ABC Renewal Design
- Effects of Experimental Manipulations on Renewal
- Summary of the Effects of Experimental Manipulations on Renewal
- Applications
- 1. Similarity between the Extinction Context and Future Contexts
- 2. Extinction Treatment in a Range of Different Contexts
- 3. Homework Exposure Tasks
- 4. Recognition of Internal Cues as Contexts
- 5. Mental Reinstatement of the Treatment Context
- 6. Use of Portable Physical Extinction Cues
- 7. Permitting Time to Lapse between Phases of Learning and Testing
- Summary of applications
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5
- The Relationship between Different Measures of Fear Learning Following Tests for Reinstatement and Spontaneous Recovery of Extinguished Conditioned Fear
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pavlovian Conditioning Models of Anxiety
- Return of Fear Following Fear Extinction
- Spontaneous Recovery
- Reinstatement
- Theoretical Explanations for Spontaneous Recovery and Reinstatement
- Aims and Hypotheses
- Method
- Participants
- Apparatus
- Procedure
- Scoring, Response Definition and Statistical Analyses
- Results
- US Expectancy Judgments
- Skin Conductance Responses
- Subjective Ratings
- Correlations
- Discussion
- Applications
- Conclusion
- Author Note
- References
- Chapter 6
- Event-Related Potential (ERP) Indices of Emotional Biases in Depression: The Role of Working Memory Inhibitory Control Deficits
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methodological Issues
- Utility of the ERP in Cognitive Research
- Cognitive Models of Depression
- Traditional Cognitive Models of Depression
- Conceptualisation of Working Memory and Cognitive Inhibition
- Modern Cognitive Models of Depression
- Experimental Data for Cognitive Models of Depression
- Depressive Cognition
- Emotional Attention Bias
- Emotional Memory Bias
- Cognitive Deficits in Working
- Memory Inhibitory Control
- Resistance to Distractor Interference
- Resistance to Proactive Interference in Depression
- Clinical Implications
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Attention Training Interventions
- Use of EEG and ERP in Depression Treatment
- Conclusion
- Acronyms
- References
- Chapter 7
- Migraine and Visual Discomfort: The Effects of Pattern Sensitivity on Performance
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Study 1: Pattern Sensitivity in Groups with Migraine and Visual Discomfort
- Method
- Participants
- Stimuli
- Procedure
- Results and Discussion
- Study 2: Spatial and Temporal Contrast Sensitivity in Groups with Migraine and Visual Discomfort
- Method
- Participants
- Apparatus and Stimuli
- Procedure
- Results and Discussion
- Migraine Groups
- Visual Discomfort
- Study 3: Visual Discomfort and Reading Efficiency
- Method
- Participants
- Apparatus and Materials
- Reading Passages
- Procedure
- Results
- Readability and Visual Comfort of the Textual Presentations
- Reading Efficiency
- Study 4: Reading Disordered Text
- Method
- Participants
- Stimuli and Materials
- Procedure
- Results and Discussion
- Study 5: Visual Closure Test
- Method
- Participants
- Stimuli and Apparatus
- Procedure
- Results and Discussion
- General Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8
- From Thresholds to Colour Names: The Application of an Opponent-Process Model
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Method
- Observers and Apparatus
- Representation of Stimuli
- Procedure
- Results
- Data Analysis for Neutral Points
- Opponent Process Mechanisms
- Heterochromatic Brightness Matching
- Individual Results Compared
- Colour Names
- Discussion
- Comparisons with Selected Previous Studies
- Explaining Individual Differences in Colour and Luminance
- Applications
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9
- Multisensory Methods for Early Literacy Learning
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The Neurophysiological Basis of Multisensory Processing
- The Importance of Early Experience in the Development of Multisensory Processing
- A Historical Perspective on Multisensory Methods
- A Review of Multisensory Early Literacy Studies
- Applications
- Multisensory Methods in the Preschool Setting
- Multisensory Methods in the Home Setting
- Suggestions for Future Research
- Conclusion
- Author Note
- References
- Chapter 10
- The Role of Cognitive and Perceptual Factors in Emergent Literacy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Phonological Awareness and Reading
- Letter Knowledge and Reading
- The Temporal Processing Hypothesis
- Relationship of Temporal Processing and Phonological Processing
- Temporal Processing and Letter Knowledge
- The Current Study
- Method
- Participants
- Materials
- Temporal Processing Tasks
- Phonological Awareness
- Letter-Word Identification
- Control Measures
- Procedure
- Results
- Zero-order Correlations
- Prediction of Phonological Awareness
- by Temporal Processing
- Prediction of Letter-Word Identification by Temporal Processing
- Prediction of Letter-Word Identification by Phonological Awareness and Temporal Processing
- Discussion
- Implications and Applications
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 11
- The Effectiveness of School-Based Learning Support Services for Children with Word-Level Reading Disability
- Abstract
- Introduction
- How Children Learn to Read
- Word-Level Reading Disability
- Developmental Course of WLRD
- Reading Interventions for WLRD
- Method
- Participants
- Measures
- Reading Ability Measures
- Procedure
- Results
- Analyses of Change in Reading Skills and Reading Subskills
- Basic Reading Skills Cluster
- Orthographic Processing (Pseudohomophones)
- Phonological Awareness
- Prose Reading Accuracy
- Individual Response
- Reliable Change
- Clinical Significance
- Discussion
- Applications: Can School-Based Reading Interventions
- Produce Clinically Significant Benefits?
- Future Directions
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
- Blank Page
