Sensors

1 - Preface [Seite 6]
2 - Contents [Seite 8]
3 - Chemical Sensors [Seite 16]
4 - Low Temperature NO2 Sensor Based on YCoO3 and TiO2 Nanoparticle Composites [Seite 17]
4.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 17]
4.2 - 2 Sensors and Characterization [Seite 18]
4.2.1 - 2.1 Sensor Preparation [Seite 18]
4.2.2 - 2.2 Sensor Characterization [Seite 19]
4.3 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 21]
4.4 - References [Seite 24]
5 - Effect of Humidity on the Hydrogen Sensing in Graphene Based Devices [Seite 25]
5.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 25]
5.1.1 - 1.1 Material Preparation [Seite 26]
5.1.2 - 1.2 Material Characterization [Seite 26]
5.1.3 - 1.3 Sensing Characterization [Seite 26]
5.2 - 2 Conclusions [Seite 29]
5.3 - References [Seite 30]
6 - A Networked Wearable Device for Chemical Multisensing [Seite 31]
6.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 32]
6.2 - 2 The Environmental Sensors [Seite 32]
6.3 - 3 Test Platform with NO2 Gas Sensors [Seite 33]
6.4 - 4 Sensing Material Deposition on UCL Microarrays [Seite 36]
6.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 36]
6.6 - References [Seite 38]
7 - High Performance VOCs Sensor Based on ?-Fe2O3/Al-ZnO Nanocomposites [Seite 39]
7.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 39]
7.2 - 2 Experimental [Seite 40]
7.2.1 - 2.1 Samples Preparation [Seite 40]
7.2.2 - 2.2 Morphological, Microstructural and Sensing Properties [Seite 41]
7.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 41]
7.3.1 - 3.1 Metal Oxides Characterization [Seite 41]
7.3.2 - 3.2 Acetone Sensing Tests [Seite 42]
7.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 44]
7.5 - References [Seite 44]
8 - Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molybdenum Oxide Nanoparticles for Detection of Dopamine [Seite 45]
8.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 45]
8.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 47]
8.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 48]
8.4 - 4 Summary [Seite 51]
8.5 - References [Seite 52]
9 - Sensing Properties of Indium, Tin and Zinc Oxides for Hexanal Detection [Seite 53]
9.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 53]
9.2 - 2 Experimental [Seite 54]
9.2.1 - 2.1 Samples Preparation and Characterization [Seite 54]
9.2.2 - 2.2 Sensor Preparation and Testing [Seite 54]
9.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 55]
9.3.1 - 3.1 Metal Oxides Characterization [Seite 55]
9.3.2 - 3.2 Hexanal Detection Measurements [Seite 56]
9.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 58]
9.5 - References [Seite 58]
10 - On-Glass Integration of Thin Film Devices for Monitoring of Cell Bioluminescence [Seite 59]
10.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 59]
10.2 - 2 System Structure and Operation [Seite 60]
10.2.1 - 2.1 Heater and a-Si:H Sensor Design [Seite 62]
10.3 - 3 Fabrication and Characterization [Seite 62]
10.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 64]
10.5 - References [Seite 65]
11 - Yeast-DMFC Device Using Glucose as Fuel: Analytical and Energetic Applications. Preliminary Results [Seite 66]
11.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 66]
11.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 67]
11.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 68]
11.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 70]
11.5 - References [Seite 71]
12 - YCoO3 Resistive Gas Sensors for the Detection of NO2 in 'Resistance Controlled Mode' [Seite 73]
12.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 73]
12.2 - 2 Measurement Technique and Measurement System [Seite 74]
12.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 76]
12.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 78]
12.5 - References [Seite 80]
13 - Monitoring Shelf Life of Carrots with a Peptides Based Electronic Nose [Seite 81]
13.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 81]
13.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 82]
13.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 83]
13.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 85]
13.5 - References [Seite 85]
14 - An Innovative Optical Chem-Sensor Based on a Silicon Photomultipliers for the Sulfide Monitoring [Seite 87]
14.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 88]
14.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 89]
14.2.1 - 2.1 Chemicals [Seite 89]
14.2.2 - 2.2 Silicon Photomultipliers [Seite 89]
14.2.3 - 2.3 Sulfide Water Samples Collection [Seite 90]
14.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 90]
14.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 92]
14.5 - References [Seite 93]
15 - Samarium Oxide as a Novel Sensing Material for Acetone and Ethanol [Seite 94]
15.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 94]
15.2 - 2 Experimental [Seite 95]
15.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 95]
15.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 97]
15.5 - References [Seite 98]
16 - Crowdfunding for Increased Awareness Crowd-Sensing: A Technical Account [Seite 99]
16.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 99]
16.2 - 2 Crowdfunding Campaign [Seite 101]
16.3 - 3 Monica 2.0 Multi-sensor Device [Seite 102]
16.3.1 - 3.1 Sensor Node [Seite 102]
16.3.2 - 3.2 Data Acquisition System [Seite 103]
16.3.3 - 3.3 Back-End [Seite 103]
16.3.4 - 3.4 Front-End [Seite 105]
16.3.5 - 3.5 Calibration Procedures [Seite 107]
16.4 - 4 Crowd Sensing Campaign [Seite 108]
16.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 110]
16.6 - References [Seite 110]
17 - Biosensors [Seite 112]
18 - Nickel Based Biosensor for Biomolecules Recognition [Seite 113]
18.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 113]
18.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 114]
18.2.1 - 2.1 Chemicals [Seite 114]
18.2.2 - 2.2 Electrochemical Measurements [Seite 114]
18.2.3 - 2.3 Saliva Sample and Pre-treatment [Seite 114]
18.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 115]
18.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 116]
18.5 - References [Seite 116]
19 - Electrochemical DNA-Based Sensor for Organophosphorus Pesticides Detection [Seite 118]
19.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 118]
19.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 119]
19.3 - 3 Results [Seite 120]
19.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 122]
19.5 - References [Seite 122]
20 - A Novel Lab-on-Disk System for Pathogen Nucleic Acids Analysis in Infectious Diseases [Seite 123]
20.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 123]
20.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 126]
20.2.1 - 2.1 Chemicals and Reagents [Seite 126]
20.2.2 - 2.2 Extraction Experiments [Seite 126]
20.2.3 - 2.3 Real Time Amplification on the Chip [Seite 126]
20.3 - 3 Results and Discussions [Seite 127]
20.3.1 - 3.1 Module for DNA Extraction [Seite 127]
20.3.2 - 3.2 Module for DNA Detection [Seite 127]
20.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 128]
20.5 - References [Seite 129]
21 - Diamond-Based Multi Electrode Arrays for Monitoring Neurotransmitter Release [Seite 131]
21.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 132]
21.2 - 2 µG-SCD MEA Microfabrication [Seite 132]
21.3 - 3 Electrical Characterizations [Seite 135]
21.4 - 4 Measurements of Quantal Dopamine Release [Seite 137]
21.5 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 138]
21.6 - References [Seite 138]
22 - Ultrasensitive Non-enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on NiO/CNT Composite [Seite 141]
22.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 141]
22.2 - 2 Experimental [Seite 142]
22.2.1 - 2.1 Preparation of NiO/SCCNT Composites [Seite 142]
22.2.2 - 2.2 Electrode Preparation [Seite 142]
22.3 - 3 Result and Discussion [Seite 143]
22.3.1 - 3.1 TEM [Seite 143]
22.3.2 - 3.2 Electrochemical Behavior of Glucose at CNT/NiO Modified Electrode [Seite 143]
22.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 145]
22.5 - References [Seite 146]
23 - A Silicon-Based Biosensor for Bacterial Pathogens Detection [Seite 147]
23.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 147]
23.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 148]
23.2.1 - 2.1 Chemicals and Biological Reagents [Seite 148]
23.2.2 - 2.2 Biosensor Description [Seite 148]
23.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 149]
23.3.1 - 3.1 Sample Processing and Detection [Seite 149]
23.3.2 - 3.2 Real-Time PCR Experiments [Seite 149]
23.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 150]
23.5 - References [Seite 151]
24 - M13 Bacteriophages as Bioreceptors in Biosensor Device [Seite 152]
24.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 153]
24.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 153]
24.2.1 - 2.1 Bacteriophages [Seite 153]
24.2.2 - 2.2 Functionalization of Magnetic and Latex Beads [Seite 154]
24.2.3 - 2.3 Binding of Phage to Polymeric Surface and Capture of Bacteria Target [Seite 154]
24.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 155]
24.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 159]
24.5 - References [Seite 159]
25 - One-Step Functionalization of Silicon Nanoparticles with Phage Probes to Identify Pathogenic Bacteria [Seite 161]
25.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 162]
25.2 - 2 Results and Discussion [Seite 163]
25.3 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 166]
25.4 - References [Seite 166]
26 - FITC-Labelled Clone from Phage Display for Direct Detection of Leukemia Cells in Blood [Seite 168]
26.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 169]
26.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 170]
26.2.1 - 2.1 Bacteriophage [Seite 170]
26.2.2 - 2.2 Phage Labelling with FITC [Seite 170]
26.2.3 - 2.3 Sample Preparation for Fluorescence Imaging [Seite 171]
26.3 - 3 Results and Discussions [Seite 171]
26.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 174]
26.5 - References [Seite 175]
27 - Organised Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles for LSPR Refractive Index Transducers [Seite 176]
27.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 176]
27.2 - 2 Experimental [Seite 177]
27.2.1 - 2.1 Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles [Seite 177]
27.2.2 - 2.2 Deposition of Colloidal Gold Particles on Silanised Glass Substrate [Seite 178]
27.2.3 - 2.3 Characterization Techniques [Seite 178]
27.3 - 3 Results [Seite 179]
27.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 182]
27.5 - References [Seite 182]
28 - Human Organ-on-a-Chip: Around the Intestine Bends [Seite 183]
28.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 184]
28.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 186]
28.3 - 3 Results and Discussions [Seite 187]
28.4 - References [Seite 189]
29 - Portable Optoelectronic System for Monitoring Enzymatic Chemiluminescent Reaction [Seite 191]
29.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 192]
29.2 - 2 System Structure and Operation [Seite 192]
29.3 - 3 System Fabrication [Seite 193]
29.4 - 4 Test of the System [Seite 195]
29.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 196]
29.6 - References [Seite 196]
30 - A Novel Paper-Based Biosensor for Urinary Phenylalanine Measurement for PKU Therapy Monitoring [Seite 197]
30.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 197]
30.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 198]
30.2.1 - 2.1 Chemicals [Seite 198]
30.2.2 - 2.2 Instrumentation [Seite 198]
30.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 199]
30.3.1 - 3.1 Biosensor [Seite 199]
30.3.2 - 3.2 Phenylalanine Detection Strategy [Seite 199]
30.3.3 - 3.3 Detection Strategy Optimization and Chromatic-Scale [Seite 200]
30.3.4 - 3.4 Phenylalanine Detection on Human Sample [Seite 201]
30.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 202]
30.5 - References [Seite 202]
31 - Physical Sensors [Seite 203]
32 - Magnetoencephalography System Based on Quantum Magnetic Sensors for Clinical Applications [Seite 204]
32.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 205]
32.2 - 2 Magnetic Sensors [Seite 205]
32.3 - 3 Magnetoencephalography System [Seite 207]
32.4 - 4 MEG Acquisition and Test Measurements [Seite 208]
32.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 209]
32.6 - References [Seite 210]
33 - Calibration System for Multi-sensor Acoustical Systems [Seite 211]
33.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 212]
33.2 - 2 Problem Statement [Seite 212]
33.2.1 - 2.1 Acoustic Antenna Calibration [Seite 213]
33.2.2 - 2.2 Experiment Setup [Seite 214]
33.3 - 3 Experiment Result [Seite 216]
33.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 220]
33.5 - References [Seite 220]
34 - Pyroelectric Sensor for Characterization of Biological Cells [Seite 222]
34.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 222]
34.2 - 2 Matherials and Methods [Seite 223]
34.3 - 3 Results [Seite 224]
34.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 226]
34.5 - References [Seite 226]
35 - Characterization of a TMR Sensor for EC-NDT Applications [Seite 228]
35.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 229]
35.2 - 2 TMR Sensor Performance Evaluation [Seite 230]
35.3 - 3 Uncertainty Evaluation [Seite 231]
35.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 234]
35.5 - References [Seite 234]
36 - Thermal, Mechanical and Electrical Investigation of Elastomer-Carbon Black Nanocomposite Piezoresistivity [Seite 236]
36.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 237]
36.2 - 2 The Composite Synthesis and the Thermal Characterization [Seite 237]
36.2.1 - 2.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) of the Obtained Composites [Seite 239]
36.2.2 - 2.2 Mechanical Dynamic Analysis (DMA) of the Obtained Composites [Seite 240]
36.3 - 3 Investigation of the Composite Piezoresistivity [Seite 240]
36.3.1 - 3.1 The Measuring System for Piezoresistivity Investigation [Seite 241]
36.3.2 - 3.2 The Experimental Results [Seite 242]
36.4 - 4 The Viscoelastic Characterization of the Composites [Seite 244]
36.4.1 - 4.1 Description of the Testing Machine [Seite 244]
36.4.2 - 4.2 The Testing Procedure Acquisition [Seite 246]
36.4.3 - 4.3 Results of the Relaxation Phase [Seite 248]
36.5 - References [Seite 249]
37 - Optical Sensors [Seite 250]
38 - Polishing Process Analysis for Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors in D-Shaped Plastic Optical Fibers [Seite 251]
38.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 251]
38.2 - 2 Optical Sensor Configurations [Seite 252]
38.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 253]
38.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 254]
38.5 - References [Seite 255]
39 - A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on a Novel Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor [Seite 256]
39.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 256]
39.2 - 2 Plasmonic Platform [Seite 257]
39.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 258]
39.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 259]
39.5 - References [Seite 259]
40 - Design of a Label-Free Multiplexed Biosensing Platform Based on an Ultracompact Plasmonic Resonant Cavity [Seite 260]
40.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 260]
40.2 - 2 Design [Seite 261]
40.3 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 264]
40.4 - References [Seite 264]
41 - A Novel Intensity-Based Sensor Platform for Refractive Index Sensing [Seite 265]
41.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 265]
41.2 - 2 Optical Sensor System [Seite 266]
41.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 266]
41.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 268]
41.5 - References [Seite 268]
42 - An Optical Sensing System for Atmospheric Particulate Matter [Seite 270]
42.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 270]
42.2 - 2 Proposed Architecture [Seite 272]
42.3 - 3 Results [Seite 275]
42.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 276]
42.5 - References [Seite 276]
43 - Performances Evaluation of the Optical Techniques Developed and Used to Map the Velocities Vectors of Radioactive Dust [Seite 278]
43.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 278]
43.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 279]
43.2.1 - 2.1 STARDUST-Upgrade [Seite 279]
43.2.2 - 2.2 Optical Measurement of Velocity [Seite 280]
43.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 283]
43.3.1 - 3.1 Fluid-Dynamics Characterisation of the Experiments [Seite 283]
43.3.2 - 3.2 Algorithm Performance Analysis [Seite 283]
43.3.3 - 3.3 Result Discussion [Seite 286]
43.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 286]
43.5 - References [Seite 288]
44 - Printed and Flexible Sensors [Seite 289]
45 - Low Cost Inkjet Printed Sensors: From Physical to Chemical Sensors [Seite 290]
45.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 290]
45.2 - 2 State of the Art [Seite 292]
45.3 - 3 Inkjet Printed Sensors Application Examples [Seite 294]
45.3.1 - 3.1 CO2 Gas Sensors [Seite 294]
45.3.2 - 3.2 Accelerometer [Seite 297]
45.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 299]
45.5 - References [Seite 300]
46 - DNA-Based Biosensor on Flexible Nylon Substrate by Dip-Pen Lithography for Topoisomerase Detection [Seite 302]
46.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 303]
46.1.1 - 1.1 Flexible Devices [Seite 303]
46.1.2 - 1.2 Printed Biosensor for Topoisomerase Detection [Seite 303]
46.2 - 2 Experimental Aspects [Seite 304]
46.2.1 - 2.1 Materials [Seite 304]
46.2.2 - 2.2 Fabrication Protocol [Seite 304]
46.2.3 - 2.3 Biosensor Assembly [Seite 305]
46.3 - 3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives [Seite 308]
46.4 - References [Seite 309]
47 - Aerosol Jet Printed Sensors for Protein Detection: A Preliminary Study [Seite 310]
47.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 310]
47.1.1 - 1.1 AJP: Introduction and Functioning Principle [Seite 311]
47.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 312]
47.2.1 - 2.1 Sensors Design and Fabrication [Seite 312]
47.2.2 - 2.2 Sensors Testing [Seite 314]
47.3 - 3 Results [Seite 316]
47.3.1 - 3.1 Geometrical Analysis [Seite 316]
47.3.2 - 3.2 Electrical Analysis [Seite 316]
47.3.3 - 3.3 Fluorescence Imaging [Seite 317]
47.3.4 - 3.4 Protein Quantification [Seite 318]
47.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 318]
47.5 - References [Seite 319]
48 - Novel Coplanar Capacitive Force Sensor for Biomedical Applications: A Preliminary Study [Seite 321]
48.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 322]
48.1.1 - 1.1 State of the Art [Seite 322]
48.1.2 - 1.2 Coplanar Capacitors [Seite 322]
48.2 - 2 Sensor Fabrication and Preliminary Tests [Seite 324]
48.2.1 - 2.1 Sensor Fabrication Process [Seite 324]
48.2.2 - 2.2 Sensor Preliminary Test [Seite 325]
48.3 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 327]
48.4 - References [Seite 327]
49 - Graphene-Like Based-Chemiresistors Inkjet-Printed onto Paper Substrate [Seite 329]
49.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 329]
49.2 - 2 Experimental [Seite 330]
49.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 331]
49.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 334]
49.5 - References [Seite 335]
50 - Carbon Black as Electrode Modifier in Prussian Blue Electrodeposition for H2O2 Sensing [Seite 336]
50.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 336]
50.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 337]
50.2.1 - 2.1 Materials [Seite 337]
50.2.2 - 2.2 Instrumentation [Seite 337]
50.2.3 - 2.3 Preparation of SPE-PB and SPE-CB-PB Electrodes [Seite 337]
50.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 338]
50.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 340]
50.5 - References [Seite 340]
51 - Sensing Systems [Seite 342]
52 - PPG/ECG Multisite Combo System Based on SiPM Technology [Seite 343]
52.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 344]
52.2 - 2 Experimental Setup [Seite 346]
52.3 - 3 Data Analysis [Seite 347]
52.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 349]
52.5 - References [Seite 350]
53 - A Small Footprint, Low Power, and Light Weight Sensor Node and Dedicated Processing for Modal Analysis [Seite 351]
53.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 351]
53.2 - 2 Sensor Node [Seite 353]
53.3 - 3 Modal Estimation [Seite 354]
53.3.1 - 3.1 Natural Frequency Estimation [Seite 354]
53.3.2 - 3.2 Modal Shapes Reconstruction [Seite 356]
53.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 359]
53.5 - References [Seite 360]
54 - IEEE 21451-001 Signal Treatment Applied to Smart Transducers [Seite 361]
54.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 361]
54.2 - 2 Standard Structure [Seite 362]
54.2.1 - 2.1 Sampling of Sensor Signals [Seite 362]
54.2.2 - 2.2 Standard Proposed Algorithms [Seite 364]
54.2.3 - 2.3 Second Layer Algorithms [Seite 364]
54.3 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 365]
54.4 - References [Seite 366]
55 - Accuracy and Metrological Characteristics of Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review [Seite 367]
55.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 367]
55.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 368]
55.3 - 3 Results [Seite 369]
55.3.1 - 3.1 Wrist-Worn Monitors [Seite 369]
55.3.2 - 3.2 Chest-Strap Devices [Seite 373]
55.4 - 4 Discussion and Conclusion [Seite 374]
55.5 - References [Seite 375]
56 - Short Range Positioning Using Ultrasound Techniques [Seite 378]
56.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 378]
56.2 - 2 The Positioning System [Seite 379]
56.2.1 - 2.1 System Architecture [Seite 379]
56.2.2 - 2.2 System Operation [Seite 379]
56.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 381]
56.3.1 - 3.1 Experimental Setup [Seite 381]
56.3.2 - 3.2 Experimental Results [Seite 384]
56.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 387]
56.5 - References [Seite 387]
57 - Estimating the Outdoor PM10 Concentration Through Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Metering [Seite 388]
57.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 388]
57.2 - 2 The System Under Test [Seite 389]
57.3 - 3 The Feasibility Study [Seite 391]
57.4 - References [Seite 392]
58 - Machine Learning Techniques to Select a Reduced and Optimal Set of Sensors for the Design of Ad Hoc Sensory Systems [Seite 394]
58.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 394]
58.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 395]
58.2.1 - 2.1 Data Pre-processing [Seite 396]
58.2.2 - 2.2 Feature Selection and Classification Algorithms [Seite 397]
58.3 - 3 Results [Seite 398]
58.4 - 4 Discussion [Seite 401]
58.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 403]
58.6 - References [Seite 403]
59 - Multi-sensor Platform for Automatic Assessment of Physical Activity of Older Adults [Seite 406]
59.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 406]
59.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 408]
59.2.1 - 2.1 Platform Overview [Seite 408]
59.2.2 - 2.2 Ambient Sensor and Relative Framework for Activity Recognition Task [Seite 409]
59.2.3 - 2.3 Wearable Sensor and Relative Framework for Activity Recognition Task [Seite 410]
59.2.4 - 2.4 Methodology for Automatic Assessment of Physical Activity [Seite 412]
59.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 413]
59.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 415]
59.5 - References [Seite 415]
60 - Failure Modes and Mechanisms of Sensors Used in Oil&Gas Applications [Seite 417]
60.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 417]
60.2 - 2 Sensors in Oil&Gas Application [Seite 419]
60.3 - 3 Failure Modes and Failure Mechanism of Sensors [Seite 420]
60.4 - 4 Diagnostic in Oil&Gas Safety Sensors [Seite 422]
60.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 423]
60.6 - References [Seite 423]
61 - Lab-on-Disk Platform for KRAS Mutation Testing [Seite 425]
61.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 425]
61.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 427]
61.3 - 3 Results [Seite 429]
61.4 - 4 Discussion [Seite 430]
61.5 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 430]
61.6 - References [Seite 431]
62 - Study Toward the Integration of a System for Bacterial Growth Monitoring in an Automated Specimen Processing Platform [Seite 433]
62.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 433]
62.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 435]
62.2.1 - 2.1 The Measuring System [Seite 435]
62.2.2 - 2.2 Study Setup and Protocol [Seite 436]
62.3 - 3 Preliminary Results [Seite 438]
62.3.1 - 3.1 Double Layer Capacitance CDL [Seite 438]
62.3.2 - 3.2 Charge Transfer Resistance RCT [Seite 439]
62.3.3 - 3.3 Medium Resistance RM [Seite 439]
62.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 441]
62.5 - References [Seite 442]
63 - A Virtual ANN-Based Sensor for IFD in Two-Wheeled Vehicle [Seite 443]
63.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 443]
63.2 - 2 The Two-Wheeled Vehicle Under Test [Seite 445]
63.3 - 3 The Virtual Sensor [Seite 446]
63.4 - 4 The IFD Scheme [Seite 447]
63.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 450]
63.6 - References [Seite 450]
64 - A Smart Breath Analyzer for Monitoring Home Mechanical Ventilated Patients [Seite 452]
64.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 453]
64.2 - 2 Smart Breath Analyzer [Seite 453]
64.2.1 - 2.1 Rationale [Seite 453]
64.2.2 - 2.2 Architecture [Seite 454]
64.2.3 - 2.3 Preliminary Test [Seite 456]
64.3 - 3 Conclusions [Seite 457]
64.4 - References [Seite 457]
65 - A Nonlinear Pattern Recognition Pipeline for PPG/ECG Medical Assessments [Seite 459]
65.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 459]
65.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 461]
65.3 - 3 Results and Discussion [Seite 461]
65.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 464]
65.5 - References [Seite 466]
66 - Electronic System for Structural and Environmental Building Monitoring [Seite 467]
66.1 - 1 Motivation [Seite 467]
66.2 - 2 Proposed Monitoring System [Seite 468]
66.3 - 3 Test Case: Example of Application [Seite 469]
66.4 - References [Seite 473]
67 - Closed-Loop Temperature Control CMOS Integrated Circuit for Diagnostics and Self-calibration of Capacitive Humidity Sensors [Seite 475]
67.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 475]
67.2 - 2 Temperature Control System Circuit [Seite 476]
67.3 - 3 Experimental Measurements [Seite 477]
67.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 479]
67.5 - References [Seite 481]
68 - An UAV Mounted Intelligent Monitoring System for Impromptu Air Quality Assessments [Seite 482]
68.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 483]
68.2 - 2 Methodology: The Tethered Air Quality Drone Architecture [Seite 483]
68.2.1 - 2.1 Payload Part 1: MONICA Multisensor Node [Seite 484]
68.2.2 - 2.2 Payload Part 2: IoT Processing Unit [Seite 485]
68.2.3 - 2.3 UAV Platform [Seite 486]
68.3 - 3 Experimental Results: First Flight Session [Seite 487]
68.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 490]
68.5 - References [Seite 490]
69 - Sensors Applications [Seite 492]
70 - Fluxgate Magnetometer and Performance for Measuring Iron Compounds [Seite 493]
70.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 494]
70.2 - 2 Measurement Method and Experimental Setup [Seite 494]
70.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 497]
70.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 500]
70.5 - References [Seite 501]
71 - Micro Doppler Radar and Depth Sensor Fusion for Human Activity Monitoring in AAL [Seite 502]
71.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 502]
71.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 503]
71.2.1 - 2.1 Sensors and Data Acquisition Setups [Seite 503]
71.2.2 - 2.2 Test Protocol and Dataset Collection [Seite 505]
71.2.3 - 2.3 Fall Detection Algorithm [Seite 507]
71.3 - 3 Experimental Results [Seite 509]
71.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 510]
71.5 - References [Seite 511]
72 - Characterization of Human Semen by GC-MS and VOC Sensor: An Unexplored Approach to the Study on Infertility [Seite 512]
72.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 513]
72.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 514]
72.3 - 3 Results [Seite 514]
72.4 - 4 Discussion [Seite 515]
72.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 518]
72.6 - References [Seite 519]
73 - A Novel Technique to Characterize Conformational State of the Proteins: p53 Analysis [Seite 520]
73.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 520]
73.2 - 2 Methodology [Seite 522]
73.2.1 - 2.1 Sample Preparation [Seite 522]
73.2.2 - 2.2 Spectrophotometer Testing [Seite 522]
73.3 - 3 Result [Seite 523]
73.4 - 4 Discussions [Seite 524]
73.5 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 526]
73.6 - References [Seite 526]
74 - Electrical Energy Harvesting from Pot Plants [Seite 528]
74.1 - 1 Plant Microbial Fuel Cell [Seite 528]
74.2 - 2 Description of the System and Preliminary Measurements [Seite 530]
74.3 - 3 Electronic Harvesting Circuit and Improved Measurements [Seite 531]
74.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 533]
74.5 - References [Seite 533]
75 - Preliminary Study on Wearable System for Multiple Finger Tracking [Seite 534]
75.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 534]
75.2 - 2 Description of the System [Seite 535]
75.3 - 3 Experimental Study [Seite 538]
75.4 - 4 Conclusions [Seite 540]
75.5 - References [Seite 541]
76 - Giraff Meets KOaLa to Better Reason on Sensor Networks [Seite 542]
76.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 543]
76.2 - 2 Sensor-Based Applications and Knowledge Extraction [Seite 544]
76.2.1 - 2.1 The GiraffPlus Research Project [Seite 545]
76.2.2 - 2.2 Data Needs Semantics [Seite 545]
76.3 - 3 KOaLa: Knowledge-Based Continuous Loop [Seite 546]
76.3.1 - 3.1 A Context-Based Ontological Approach [Seite 547]
76.3.2 - 3.2 Linking Knowledge Processing and Planning [Seite 549]
76.4 - 4 KOaLa and Giraff Working Together [Seite 550]
76.5 - 5 Final Remarks and Future Developments [Seite 551]
76.6 - References [Seite 551]
77 - Smart Insole for Diabetic Foot Monitoring [Seite 553]
77.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 553]
77.2 - 2 Smart Insole System [Seite 555]
77.3 - 3 Results [Seite 557]
77.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 558]
77.5 - References [Seite 558]
78 - Identification of Users' Well-Being Related to External Stimuli: A Preliminary Investigation [Seite 560]
78.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 560]
78.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 561]
78.3 - 3 Experimental Setup [Seite 562]
78.3.1 - 3.1 Participants and Trials [Seite 563]
78.3.2 - 3.2 Data Processing and Features Extraction [Seite 564]
78.4 - 4 Analysis of Results [Seite 566]
78.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 568]
78.6 - References [Seite 569]
79 - Smart Transducers for Energy Scavenging and Sensing in Vibrating Environments [Seite 572]
79.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 572]
79.2 - 2 Theory of Operation [Seite 574]
79.3 - 3 Experimental Setup [Seite 575]
79.4 - 4 Results and Discussion [Seite 575]
79.5 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 578]
79.6 - References [Seite 579]
80 - RMSHI Solutions for Electromagnetic Transducers from Environmental Vibration [Seite 580]
80.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 581]
80.2 - 2 Working Principle [Seite 582]
80.3 - 3 Experimental Setup [Seite 583]
80.4 - 4 Results and Discussion [Seite 583]
80.5 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 587]
80.6 - References [Seite 587]
81 - Characterization of Sensorized Porous 3D Gelatin/Chitosan Scaffolds Via Bio-impedance Spectroscopy [Seite 589]
81.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 590]
81.2 - 2 Materials and Methods [Seite 591]
81.2.1 - 2.1 Scaffold Preparation [Seite 591]
81.2.2 - 2.2 Experimental Setup and Measurement Protocols for Bio-impedance Spectroscopy [Seite 592]
81.3 - 3 Result and Discussion [Seite 592]
81.3.1 - 3.1 Bio-impedance Measurement [Seite 592]
81.3.2 - 3.2 Electrical Conductivity Analysis [Seite 593]
81.4 - 4 Conclusion [Seite 594]
81.5 - References [Seite 595]
82 - Fast Multi-parametric Method for Mechanical Properties Estimation of Clamped-Clamped Perforated Membranes [Seite 598]
82.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 599]
82.2 - 2 Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization [Seite 600]
82.2.1 - 2.1 Fabrication of CCFF Perforated Membranes [Seite 600]
82.2.2 - 2.2 Mechanical Properties of the Structural Tri-layer [Seite 600]
82.3 - 3 Deflection Model of a Perforated Membrane [Seite 601]
82.4 - 4 Measurements and Results [Seite 602]
82.5 - 5 Conclusions [Seite 604]
82.6 - References [Seite 605]
83 - Improvement of the Frequency Behavior of an EC-NDT Inspection System [Seite 607]
83.1 - 1 Introduction [Seite 608]
83.2 - 2 Some Theoretical Notes to the Resonance Condition in an EC-NDT Probe [Seite 608]
83.3 - 3 Some Theoretical Notes on the Double Resonant Circuit [Seite 611]
83.4 - 4 First Experimental Results [Seite 613]
83.5 - 5 Conclusion [Seite 615]
83.6 - References [Seite 615]
84 - Author Index [Seite 617]