Electronic Digital Computers
Their Use in Science and Engineering
Published on 2. December 2012
346 pages
978-0-323-16263-0 (ISBN)
Description
Electronic Digital Computers: Their Use in Science and Engineering describes the principles underlying computer design and operation. This book describes the various applications of computers, the stages involved in using them, and their limitations. The machine is composed of the hardware which is run by a program. This text describes the use of magnetic drum for storage of data and some computing. The functions and components of the computer include automatic control, memory, input of instructions by using punched cards, and output from resulting information. Computers operate by using numbers represented by the binary system of 0 and 1. Earlier machines used numbers on wheels which were rotated to different positions, perforations in paper, or blackened spots on films. The computer can handle large numbers only to many numerical places: it does this by rounding off numbers "on the right," or by avoidance of numbers greater than the machine can handle "on the left." The book also addresses machine installation, management, and personnel requirements for trouble-free computing. Computer programmers, engineers, designers of industrial processes, and researchers involved in electrical, computer, or mechanical engineering will find this book informative.
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Content
PrefacePart 1 Introduction 1.1. Objectives 1.11. Applications 1.12. Stages 1.13. Limitations 1.2. Machines 1.21. Arrangement 1.22. Machine Operation 1.3. Programming and Coding 1.31. Hierarchy of Activities 1.32. Definitions 1.4. Problem Analysis 1.41. Purpose 1.42. Computing Time 1.43. Ease of Programming and CodingPart 2 Automatic Digital Computers 2.1. Historical Survey 2.11. Early Developments 2.12. Magnetic Drum Computers 2.13. Acoustic Memory Computers 2.14. Electrostatic Memory Computers 2.15. Magnetic Core Computers 2.2. Functions and Components 2.21. Automatic Control 2.22. Memory 2.23. Input and Output 2.24. Summary 2.3. Number Representation 2.31. Digits 2.32. Binary vs. Decimal Representation 2.33. Representation of Numbers 2.34. Checking of Number Representation 2.4. Memory 2.41. Relation to Other Machine Units 2.42. Characteristics 2.43. Physical Realization 2.5. Arithmetic 2.51. General 2.52. Operations 2.53. Physical Realization 2.6. Control 2.61. General 2.62. The Number of Addresses 2.63. Instructions 2.7. Input and Output 2.71. Automatic Terminal Media 2.72. Nonautomatic Terminal Media 2.73. Auxiliary Operations and EquipmentPart 3 Coding and Programming 3.1. Coding in a Four-Address System 3.11. Introduction 3.12. A Simple Four-Address Machine 3.13. Coding of Simple Routines 3.14. Read-In Instructions 3.15. Further Four-Address Coding 3.2. Coding in a Single-Address System 3.21. Introduction, Machine Characteristics 3.22. Coding for Arithmetic Operations 3.23. Floating Point Arithmetic 3.24. Other Single-Address Instructions 3.25. Some Two-Address Codes 3.3. Programming 3.31. Flow Charts 3.32. Subroutines 3.33. Index Registers 3.34. Arrangement of Codes 3.4. Machine Aids 3.41. Machine Aids to Maintenance 3.42. Machine Aids to Operation 3.43. Machine Aids to CodingPart 4 Problem Analysis 4.1. Errors 4.11. Kinds of Errors 4.12. Control of Errors 4.2. Overflow and Scaling 4.3. Checking 4.31. Need for Checking 4.32. Duplicate Computation 4.33. Self-Checking Machines 4.34. Inverse Operations 4.35. Checking by Differences 4.36. Functional Relations 4.37. Check Sums 4.4. Evaluation of Explicit Functions 4.41. Elementary Functions 4.42. Storage and Interpolation 4.43. Direct Evaluation 4.44. Presentation of Results 4.5. Differentiation and Integration 4.51. Numerical Differentiation 4.52. Quadrature 4.6. Ordinary Differential Equations 4.61. General Considerations 4.62. Stepwise Integration Methods 4.63. Errors, Stability, Checking 4.64. Miscellaneous Methods for Special Cases 4.7. Partial Differential Equations 4.71. General Considerations 4.72. Hyperbolic Equations 4.73. Parabolic Equations 4.74. Elliptic Equations 4.75. Eigenvalues 4.8. Algebraic Equations 4.81. Systems of Linear Equations and the Inversion of Matrices 4.82. Nonlinear Equations 4.83. Characteristic Roots of MatricesPart 5 Matching Problems and Machines 5.1. Problems from Science and Engineering 5.11. Mechanics of Rigid Bodies 5.12. Mechanics of Continua 5.13. Electromagnetism and Optics 5.14. Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry 5.15. Atomic and Molecular Physics 5.2. Problems from Other Areas 5.
