
Competition in Word-Formation
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Content
- Intro
- Competition in Word-Formation
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Chapter 1 Towards a competition-based word-formation theory
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Fundamental questions
- 2.1 Onomasiological and semasiological perspectives
- 2.2 Triggers and outcomes of competition
- 3. Questions about form
- 3.1 Competition between instantiations
- 3.2 Competition between morphological processes
- 3.3 Form-based resolutions
- 3.3.1 The marginalization or total loss of a rivaling form
- 3.3.2 Blocking
- 3.3.3 Base selection
- 4. Questions about meaning
- 4.1 Lexical and word-formational semantics
- 4.2 The synonymy condition in competition
- 4.3 Meaning-based resolutions
- 4.3.1 Distinguishing features or contexts of propositional synonymy
- 4.3.2 Distinguishing features or contexts of near synonymy and sense synonymy
- 4.3.2.1 Lexical semantic features
- 4.3.2.2 Syntagmatic contexts
- 5. Macro-level competition
- 5.1 Macro-level competition in transcategorial change
- 5.2 Macro-level competition in other lexical functions of word-formation
- 5.3 Macro-level competition beyond the boundaries of word-formation
- 6. Concluding remarks
- Part 1 Competition in affixation
- Chapter 2 A lexicalist approach to affixal rivalry and its explanatory basis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Derivational polysemy in the LSF
- 2.1 Framework
- 2.2 The polysemy question
- 2.3 Three theoretical elements to explain the polysemy question
- 3. Personal and participant nominalization in English
- 3.1 -er and -ee
- 3.2 LSF analysis
- 3.2.1 Transitive-verb-based doublets
- 3.2.2 Ditransitive-verb-based doublets
- 3.2.3 Morphological correspondence rules
- 4. Personal and participant nominalization in Japanese
- 4.1 Deverbal nominalization
- 4.2 LSF analysis
- 4.2.1 Transitive or ditransitive-verb-based -te and -mono nominalizations
- 4.2.2 Intransitive-verb-based -te and -mono nominalizations
- 4.3 Denominal nominalization
- 4.4 Interim summary
- 5. Base selection
- 5.1 Features rather than labels
- 5.2 Inclusion rather than mutual exclusion
- 6. Conclusion
- Funding
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 3 Actional nominalization in Present-Day English in the light of the Referenced Index of Competition
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Method
- 3. Competition, productivity and nominalization
- 3.1 Morphological competition
- 3.2 The synchronic status of -ment
- 4. The environment of competition in English nominalization
- 4.1 The Referenced Index of Competition
- 4.2 An assessment of cluster competition through C*
- 4.3 General trends and particularities
- 5. Conclusions
- Appendix 1. Nominalizations in the sample (by alphabetical order)
- Chapter 4 Measuring affix rivalry as a gradient relationship
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Rivalry and polyfunctionality
- 3. Measures of rivalry
- 3.1 Quantifying competition
- 3.2 Possible measures
- 3.2.1 Similarity coefficients
- 3.2.2 Complementary indices
- 4. Case study
- 4.1 Data collection
- 4.2 Semantic analysis
- 4.3 Results
- 4.3.1 General information
- 4.3.2 Incidence-based measures
- 4.3.3 Abundance-based measures
- 4.3.4 Comparison of the different measures
- 5. Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Supplementary material
- Chapter 5 Exploring linguistic competition in English derivatives ending in -ie and -o through a cognitive-onomasiological approach
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The scope of study
- 2.1 The evaluative suffixes -ie and -o
- 2.2 Affix rivalry, evaluative morphology, and the onomasiological approach
- 3. Methodology
- 3.1 Stage 1
- 3.2 Stage 2
- 3.3 Stage 3
- 4. Results and discussion
- 4.1 Morphosemantic analysis of -ie/-o derivatives pertaining to DP1 and DP2
- 4.2 An onomasiological analysis of DP1 and DP2 types that are in competition
- 4.2.1 The quality model
- 4.2.2 The patient model
- 4.2.3 The object and action models
- 4.2.4 Affixal rivalry through the lens of the prototype approach
- 5. Conclusions
- Chapter 6 Diminutive formation in Modern Greek
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The basic characteristics of diminution
- 3. Diminution in Modern Greek
- 4. Productivity and constraints
- 4.1 Nominal suffixes
- 4.2 Adjectival suffixes
- 4.3 The prefix ipo- and prefixoids
- 4.4 Summary of the properties of diminutive morphological means
- 5. Competition and complementarity
- 5.1 Less productive suffixes and "niche productivity"
- 5.2 Rivalry between adjectival suffixes and the prefixoid psilo-
- 5.3 Affixal rivalry between the prefixoid psilo- and the suffix -áki
- 5.4 Rivalry between suffixation and prefixation
- 5.5 Rivalry between affixes and prefixoids
- 5.6 Rival prefixoids
- 5.7 Interim summary
- 6. (Nearly) synonymous diminutives
- 7. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Part 2 Macro-level competition, the lexicon and its interfaces
- Chapter 7 Competition between affixation and conversion in Present-Day English denominal verbs
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Conversion and affixation in Present-Day English
- 2.1 Noun-to-verb conversion
- 2.1.1 Definition of conversion and delimitation of its scope
- 2.1.2 Semantic specifications of conversion
- 2.2 Noun-to-verb affixation
- 2.2.1 Prefixation
- 2.2.2 Suffixation
- 3. Competition between conversion and affixation
- 3.1 Competition on a formal level
- 3.1.1 Definition of formal competition
- 3.1.2 Competition within the onomasiological approach
- 3.2 Competition on a semantic level
- 3.2.1 Definition of semantic competition
- 3.2.2 The issue of synonymy
- 3.3 The resolution of competition
- 3.4 Previous studies on morphological competition
- 4. Hypotheses and methodology
- 4.1 Hypothesis and aims of this study
- 4.2 Data selection
- 4.2.1 Dictionary data
- 4.2.2 Corpus data
- 4.2.3 Collecting formal doublets
- 5. Results and discussion
- 5.1 Morphological and etymological features of the base nouns
- 5.1.1 Etymology and origin of the simplex inputs
- 5.1.2 Morphological analysis of the complex inputs
- 5.2 Phonological features of the base nouns
- 5.2.1 Number of syllables
- 5.2.2 Vowel versus consonant phonemic ending
- 5.3 Semantic analysis of the denominal verbs
- 5.3.1 Verbal semantics categories
- 5.3.2 The semantics of converted and affixed verbs
- 5.3.3 The semantics of doublets
- 5.3.4 Semantic competition in doublets
- 6. Conclusion
- Chapter 8 A diachronic perspective on competition in denominal verb formation in Italian
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Dataset
- 3. How nouns surface as verbs in Italian
- 3.1 Denominal verbs
- 3.2 Denominal verbs
- 3.2.1 'be (like a) n'
- 3.2.2 '(make) become (like a) n'
- 3.2.3 'make n'
- 3.2.3.1 'make [put, cover oneself in, produce, develop, etc.] n'
- 3.2.3.2 'make (undergo) [provoke, arouse, cause to acquire, etc.] n'
- 3.2.3.3 '(cause to) become [bring together, arrange, etc.] a n'
- 3.2.3.4 '(cause to) become [divide, break into, etc.] n'
- 3.2.4 'to have [to be in, feel, show, etc.] n'
- 3.2.5 Spatial meanings
- 3.3.5.1 Locatum
- 3.2.5.2 Location
- 3.2.6 Instrumental meanings
- 3.2.7 Weather verbs
- 3.2.8 Mapping between derivational processes and semantic types
- 4. Analysis
- 4.1 Base nouns and verbal derivation
- 4.2 Verb derivatives
- 4.2.1 Diachronic distribution and competition at a macro-level
- 4.2.2 Diachronic distribution and competition at a micro-level
- 5. Conclusions
- Chapter 9 Competition of lexicon vs. pragmatics in word formation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Lexicon/morphology and pragmatics
- 3. Japanese lexical V-V compounds and pragmatics
- 3.1 V-V compounds and argument synthesis
- 3.2 Simple cases of argument synthesis
- 3.3 Complex cases of argument synthesis 1
- 3.4 Complex cases of argument synthesis 2
- 3.5 Complex cases of argument synthesis 3
- 3.6 Summary
- 4. Unattractive alternatives
- 5. Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 10 [N1 + N2], [N + A], and [N1 + de + N2]
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Internal structure of the three types of construction
- 2.1 [N1 + N2]
- 2.2 [N1 + A]
- 2.3 [N1 + de + N2]
- 2.4 Lexical nature of endocentric naming constructions
- 3. Theoretical status of the three types of construction
- 3.1 Different approaches to compounding
- 3.2 The non-restrictive approach
- 3.3 The scalar approach
- 3.4 The restrictive or lexicalist approach
- 3.5 The constructionist approach
- 3.6 Analogical formation and conditional productivity of [N1 + N2]
- 3.7 Productive constructions with a specific N2
- 3.8 Summary
- 4. Complementarity and competition
- 4.1 [N1 + N2] and [N1 + A]
- 4.2 [N1 + N2] with specific N1 and [N1 + A]
- 4.3 [N1 + de + N2] vs. [N1 + N2] and/or [N1 + A]
- 4.4 Competition with constructions with other prepositions
- 5. Conclusion
- Funding
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 11 Revisiting Poser's (1992) "Blocking of phrasal constructions by lexical items" from the perspective of the economy of language use principle
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Blocking in the past research
- 3. Blocking operates between a word and its periphrasis
- 3.1 A few basic facts of the Japanese language
- 3.2 Poser's generalization
- 4. Economy of language use
- 5. Theoretical implication
- 6. Concluding remarks
- Appendix
- Index
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