Fundamentals of Polarized Light

This compilation opens with a discussion of the limitations of the current enamel birefringence interpretation and its potential applications in various fields, such as: caries research, forensic dentistry, anthropology, paleontology, and evolutionary biology. The authors demonstrate a novel concept for the reproduction of the "movement without frame-by-frame display technique" developed by the Lumiere brothers in 1895 in their cinematograph motion picture system. The current evidence base surrounding the use of both monochromatic and polychromatic polarized photobiomodulation is reviewed, specifically related to wound healing and musculoskeletal conditions. Following this, to induce molecular orientations such as the symmetry operation of crystals, the authors study circularly or linearly polarized UV light irradiation in hybrid materials. New chiral Schiff base metal Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes containing an azobenzene moiety in ligands are synthesized, in which substituents (H, Cl) at the ortho position of azobenzene are introduced for wavelength-selective molecular orientation by light irradiation. In closing, the authors design new metal complexes with a rigid Y-shaped structure with a photoisomerization moiety aligned by polarized UV light and expected to cause the Weigert effect.