Advances in Applied Microbiology
Academic Press
Published on 22. September 2011
352 pages
978-0-08-057033-4 (ISBN)
Description
Published since 1959, Advances in Applied Microbiology continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in Microbiology. The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays. Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics including Archaea and "Sick Building Syndrome. Impact factor for 2006: 1.96.
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Content
- Front Cover
- Advances in Applied Microbiology
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Chapter 1: A Ferment of Fermentations: Reflections on the Production of Commodity Chemicals Using Microorganisms
- I. Introduction
- II. What Is Fermentation? What Is a Fermentation Industry?
- III. When Did the Production of Commodity Chemicals by Microorganisms Begin?
- A. Initial use of bacteria
- B. Initial use of fungi
- IV. Submerged Cultures
- A. An interlude
- B. Citric acid-the Wisconsin submerged process
- V. World War I Spurs Fermentation Technology to Produce Glycerol and Acetone
- A. Glycerol
- B. Acetone, butanol, ethanol
- VI. Gluconic Acid, Kojic Acid
- VII. Penicillin
- A. The work of Harold Raistrick
- B. The development of penicillin at Oxford
- C. The experience in the Unites States and development of submerged fermentation
- D. Submerged fermentation for penicillin
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 2: Submerged Culture Fermentation of "Higher Fungi": The Macrofungi
- I. Introduction
- A. Definition of "higher fungi
- B. General considerations
- C. Life cycles
- II. Growth in Submerged Culture
- A. Solid-substrate fermentation vs. submerged liquid fermentation
- B. Isolation and maintenance of the cultures
- C. Effects of process variables on growth and product formation
- D. Fermentation strategies
- E. Optimization of culture conditions
- III. Products and Applications
- A. General comments
- IV. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 3: Bioprocessing Using Novel Cell Culture Systems
- 1. Introduction
- II. Plant Cell Culture Development for Scale-Up
- A. Plant suspension culture initiation and establishment
- B. Development of homogeneous cell lines
- C. Development of single cell-derived cell lines
- D. Development of synchronized cell lines
- E. Example of plant cell culture-rice suspension cells
- F. Transformation and transgenic cell line development
- G. Cell banking and cryopreservation
- H. Quality control considerations on plant cell fermentation
- III. Industrial-Scale Production with Plant Suspension Cell Cultures
- A. Scale-up issues with plant suspension cell cultures
- B. Process optimization
- C. Product formation
- D. Process operation strategies on scale-up
- IV. Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 4: Nanotechnology in the Detection and Control of Microorganisms
- I. Introduction
- II. Polymeric Nanomaterials
- A. Carbohydrate-biofunctionalized polymeric nanomaterials
- B. Carbohydrate- or antibody-conjugated nanotubes
- C. Chitosan nanoparticles
- D. Nanomaterials for vaccine developments
- E. Other polymeric nanomaterials
- III. Fluorescence Detection of Microorganisms
- A. Dye-doped silica nanoparticles
- B. Quantum dots (QDs) for fluorescent detection
- C. Carbon-based fluorescent nanoparticles
- IV. Metallic Nanomaterials
- A. Elemental metal nanomaterials
- B. Metal oxide nanomaterials
- C. Magnetic nanomaterials for the detection of microbes
- V. Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 5: Metabolic Aspects of Aerobic Obligate Methanotrophy
- I. Introduction
- II. Milestones in Aerobic Obligate Methanotrophy: A Brief Historical Overview
- A. Discovery of aerobic methanotrophs and first impacts on methanotrophy
- B. Renaissance of interest in the biology and biochemistry of methanotrophs
- C. New findings (insights) in methanotrophy assessed by molecular approaches
- III. Pathways of Sequential Oxidation of Methane to CO2
- A. Enzymes of primary methane oxidation
- B. Soluble methane monooxygenase
- C. Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO)
- D. Oxidation of methanol by methanol dehydrogenase
- E. Oxidation of formaldehyde by a linear pathway
- F. Pterin-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde
- G. Oxidation of formate to CO2
- IV. Pathways of Primary C1 Assimilation and Intermediary Metabolism
- A. Assimilation of formaldehyde via the Quayle ribulosemonophosphate and serine pathways
- B. Pathways of nitrogen assimilation
- C. Biochemical basis/rationale of obligate methanotrophy
- V. Conclusions and Outlook
- Note Added in proof
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 6: Bacterial Efflux Transport in Biotechnology
- I. Introduction
- II. Important Efflux Transport Protein Families
- A. Energy sources and physiological roles
- B. Functions in gram negative and gram positive bacteria
- C. Substrate specificity
- D. Internet resources
- III. Discovery of Efflux Transport Function
- A. Global gene expression analyses
- B. Genetic selections and screens
- IV. Engineering Efflux Transport to Improve Amino Acid Production
- A. L-Lysine
- B. L-Threonine
- C. L-Phenylalanine
- D. L-Cysteine
- V. Efflux Transport in Whole Cell Biotransformations
- A. Solvent tolerant bacteria
- B. Mitigation of substrate and product toxicity
- VI. Limits on Efflux Transport Utility in Metabolic Engineering
- A. Hydrophobicity considerations
- B. Availability of known transporters and protein engineering
- VII. Future Prospects for Efflux Transport in Biotechnology
- References
- Chapter 7: Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment, with Particular Reference to MRSA
- I. Introduction
- II. Evolution of Resistance
- A. Origins of antibiotic resistance genes
- B. Mechanisms of resistance
- III. Mechanisms of Horizontal Gene Transfer
- A. The role of integrons in resistance gene mobility
- B. Coselection for resistance genes
- IV. Antibiotics and Resistance Genes in the Environment
- A. Sewage sludge
- B. Farm animals
- C. Transfer from the environment to the clinic
- V. MRSA in the Nonclinical Environment
- A. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Environmental reservoirs of MRSA
- C. Pig associated MRSA
- D. Cattle associated MRSA
- E. Horse associated MRSA
- F. MRSA in companion animals
- VI. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8: Host Defense Peptides in the Oral Cavity
- I. Introduction
- II. Host-Microbe Interactions in the Mouth
- A. The normal oral microbiota
- B. Microbiota associated with disease
- III. HDP Expression in the Mouth
- A. Innate defenses in the mouth
- B. Histatins
- C. Defensins
- D. Cathelicidin LL-37
- IV. Functions of HDPs in the Mouth
- A. Antibacterial functions
- B. Antifungal activities
- C. Antiviral activities
- D. Non-antimicrobial functions
- V. Roles of HDPs in Oral Health and Disease
- A. Microbial induction of oral HDP expression
- B. Expression in oral health and disease
- VI. Therapeutic Applications
- VII. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Index
- Contents of Previous Volumes
